Estimating non-point source pollutant loads for the large-scale basin of the Yangtze River in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiao Wang  Fanghua Hao  Hongguang Cheng  Shengtian Yang  Xuan Zhang  Qingsong Bu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(5):1079-1092

Taking advantage of the opportunity provided by the nationally funded Water Resources Integrated Planning and Investigation of China program (WRIPI), a model was established to estimate non-point source pollutant loads in a large-scale basin (ENPS-LSB) on the basis of hydrological processes and pollutant transport. The model made use of Environment for Visualizing Images software (ENVI) and Interactive Data Language (IDL) and took the characteristics of present-day China into account: a huge rural population scattered widely, marginal rural infrastructure and livestock cultivation based on scatter-feeding. The model was divided into two sections: one on dissolved and one on adsorbed pollutant loads. The dissolved loads were divided into four different types: those originating from agricultural fields, urban areas, rural residential areas, and livestock. The study was undertaken in the Yangtze River Basin. The results showed the chemical oxygen demand (COD), the total nitrogen (TN), the total phosphorous (TP), and the ammonia nitrogen (NH₃–N) loads to be 2.6 × 10⁶, 1.6 × 10⁶, 9.3 × 10⁵ and 3.1 × 10⁵ tons, respectively, in the year 2000. The dissolved COD resulted mainly from rural residential areas and livestock; 76.8% of the dissolved TN and 86.4% of the dissolved TP produced were from agricultural fields. The Yangtze River Delta, the lower reaches of the Han River, and part of the Dongting Lake, Taihu Lake and Poyang Lake basins all had relatively high dissolved pollutant loads; adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus loads were mainly observed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. Dissolved loads were most affected by human activity, whereas adsorbed loads were most affected by natural factors. The results showed that the model performed well on large scale, describing pollutant loads effectively. This makes it possible to properly consider not only point source pollutant discharge but also non-point source pollution in the Yangtze River Basin. Combining point source discharge investigation with the ENPS-LSB model could assist environmental management with controlling water pollution.  相似文献   

Simulating impact of larch caterpillar (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dendrolimus superans</Emphasis>) on fire regime and forest landscape in Da Hinggan Mountains,Northeast China     

Hongwei Chen  Yuanman Hu  Yu Chang  Rencang Bu  Yuehui Li  Miao Liu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2011,21(5):575-586

Larch caterpillar (Dendrolimus superans) is very common in the Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China, affecting fire regime and forest ecosystem change at large spatio-temporal scales. In this study, we used a spatially explicit landscape model, LANDIS, to simulate the changes of fire regime and forest landscape under four larch caterpillar disturbance intensity levels scenarios in Huzhong forest area, northern of Da Hinggan Mountains. The results indicate that larch caterpillar disturbances would decrease ...  相似文献   

INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL WARMING ON VEGETATION IN NORTHEAST CHINA     

邹春静  徐文铎  卜军 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1997,7(1):68-78

GlObalwa-rmingisoneoftheseriousenvironmentproblemswhichattractattentionsofscientistsandgove~entsofvariouscountries.TheglobalatmOSpherecomponentschangebecauseofhtirnanactivitiesandthedevelopmentofindustry.Theincreaseofgreenhouseeffectleadstoglobalw~ng.Basedonthepredictionofgeneralcirculationmodel(GCM),bythemiddleofnextcentury,theconcentrationofopwillbedoubledandtheglobaltemperaturewillinCreasebyZt(Han,1993;She~,1983).WestudiedthelawofvegetationalterationunderthisconditioninnortheastChinain…  相似文献   

Spatial distribution of nitrification and denitrification rates of sediment in Wenruitang River,Wenzhou, China     

Lu  Shaoyong  Jin  Xiangcan  Guo  Jianning  Bu  Qingyun  Yang  Feipen  Chen  Xiping  Yao  Yuye 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(1):20-20

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THE DYNAMIC MONITORING OF HORQIN SAND LAND USING REMOTE SENSING     

HUYuan－man  JIANGYan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2002,12(3):238-243

Hurqin Sand Land is regarded as the typical region for studying the problem of desertification.The integra-tion of 3S(GIS,GPS and RS)techniques offer a most helpful method to study and monitor the dynamics of desertification.Based on the data derived from 3 periodsˊmultitemporal Landsat TM imagery of the 1990s,the regional land use and dynamo-ics of desertification in Horqin Sand Land were studied.The main results revealed that :1)as long as the general change tendency was concerned,the desertification of Horqin Sand Land would continue to spread;2)there was a gradual de-crease in the area of both moving sand dunes and semi-stabilized ones,which meant that fruitful progress had been made to control the desertification during the 1990s;3)as a result of unreasonable cultivation,the total area of stabilized sand dunes and grassland in the middle and western region decreased obviously.It suggested that the increasing damage caused by human was leading to the hazard of further desertification.So in the future,it is necessary to take more effect-tive measures to control the spread of desertification and restore the degraded ecosystems for the purpose of optimizing the global eco-environment in Horqin Sand Land.  相似文献   

吉林放牛沟硫铁多金属矿床矿物地球化学及矿床成因     

黄薰德  李富山 《吉林地质》1991,10(4):10-21

本文总结了黄铁矿、闪锌矿的成因地球化学标志;阐明了黄铁矿中元素在空间上的分带规律和在成矿过程中时间上的演化规律;建立了反映上述分带规律的回归方程组;论证了本矿床矿石中黄铁矿与磁黄铁矿间、矿石矿物与花岗岩副矿物磁铁矿间的成因联系;类比了国内外铅锌矿床上述矿物的地球化学特征。由此得出结论:放牛沟硫铁多金属矿床系岩浆热液成因,其成矿物质主要来自后庙岭花岗岩深部岩浆源。铅锌矿主要在中温条件下形成,接触带矿体与外接触带矿体属同一成矿系列。放牛沟矿床与后庙岭花岗岩系同一岩浆—热液系统的产物。  相似文献   

基于L1正则化逻辑回归模型的速度大脉冲预测及影响因素分析          下载免费PDF全文

牛志辉  陈波  卜春尧 《地震工程学报》2022,44(2):306-320

包含速度大脉冲的地震动与普通地震动有显著的不同,此类地震动对建筑结构有着特殊的破坏作用。有效预测速度大脉冲是否发生和分析影响速度大脉冲发生的因素,对于概率地震危险性分析和减轻地震灾害有重要的作用。首先从美国NGA数据库中选取315条强震动记录,经过预处理后得到研究所需的289条记录,基于处理后的强震动记录并结合相对频度分析方法研究不同因素对速度大脉冲的影响。然后,利用L1正则化逻辑回归方法建立速度大脉冲预测模型,模型最优评价指标的接受者操作特征曲线下方面积为0.76;并对模型进行影响因素敏感性分析,发现其对于破裂区的距离最为敏感。最后,选取符合模型数据分布规律的35条汶川地震实测数据对建立的预测模型进行验证,其中30条地震记录预测正确,相较于已有模型,预测的准确率有一定提高。结果表明,文章建立的速度大脉冲预测模型有较好的准确性和可靠性。  相似文献   

地磁感应电流研究综述     

步宛烨  张慧茜  黄清华 《地球与行星物理论评》2022,53(1):53-65

因太阳活动而引起的地磁扰动,会在地球表面感生出地电场,从而在地表附近的导体系统中产生地磁感应电流(GICs).太阳表面的异常活动而引起的磁暴会导致强烈的GICs,严重威胁电信设备、电网、油气管道和铁路运输网络等基础设施系统的安全运行,已经成为最严重的空间天气灾害之一.因此,对GICs进行深入研究以建立对其做出迅速预测的能力,在科学和应用方面都有重要意义.本文综述了GICs的研究进展,从引入空间天气的概念开始,将GICs作为从太阳活动到太阳风再到地球扰动的空间天气链的最终环节;重点阐述了GICs的计算中所涉及的三个步骤:地球表面地磁场重建、感应地电场的计算,以及地面导体系统中GICs计算;对每一步骤中主要方法的相关原理和应用做了简要介绍与评估;最后总结了当前GICs的研究现状,并对未来GICs的研究方向与挑战进行了展望.  相似文献   

非常规资料在沿海灾害暴雨过程中的应用分析     

徐灵芝  许长义  卜清军  等. 《气象与环境科学》2019,42(3):68-77

非常规资料在天津沿海一次灾害暴雨过程中的应用  相似文献   

Zircon and Cassiterite U-Pb Ages and Lu-Hf Isotopic Compositions of Tashan Tin-bearing Porphyry in Guangdong Province,SE China and its Geological SignificanceEI北大核心CSCD     

Yan Q.  Wang H.  Qiu Z.  Wang M.  Mu S.  Wang L.  Bu A.  Wang S.  Li S.  Wei X.  Li P. 《大地构造与成矿学》2018,(4):718-731

The Tashan porphyry tin polymetallic deposit is located at the southwest part of the Lianhuashan Fault in the eastern Guangdong province. It is one of the three typical porphyry tin deposits in China. In this paper, we reported cassiterite and zircon U-Pb ages, geochemistry and Lu-Hf isotopes of the ore-bearing granite porphyry in the orefield. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating yielded a concordant ages of 136.8±1.1 Ma, whereas analyses of cassiterite yielded a 206Pb/238U-207Pb/238U concordia lower intercept age of 133.6±8.6 Ma and a Tera-Wasserburg lower intercept age of 136.5±8.1 Ma, which suggest a genetic link between the granite porphyry and the ore mineralization. The εHf(t) values of -4.87 to -2.07 and tDM2 ages 1322 Ma to 1507 Ma for zircon from the granite porphyry show that the Tashan granite porphyry was likely derived from partial melting of the Mesoproterozoic crustal rocks with minor input of mantle material. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.  相似文献