国际能源贸易依赖网络特征及替代关系研究：化石能源与可再生能源     

种照辉  姜信洁  何则 《地理研究》2022,41(12):3214-3228

随着可再生能源成为国际能源贸易重要增长点,国家和地区间的能源贸易依赖关系也随之变化。基于2011—2020年世界能源、经济及创新指数等数据,通过社会网络分析法阐释化石能源和可再生能源的贸易情况,探讨化石能源和可再生能源贸易依赖网络的演化过程,使用 QAP回归方法定量分析化石能源贸易依赖网络和可再生能源贸易依赖网络之间的关系。结果表明：在2011—2020年,化石能源贸易的稳定性较高,而可再生能源贸易发展迅速。可再生能源贸易依赖网络展现出更高的整体依赖程度,其对化石能源贸易的依赖关系产生了替代作用。中国既要大力推进可再生能源产业发展,也要加强与能源大国的贸易合作,从而与世界建立更加稳固的双向能源贸易合作的网络关系。  相似文献   

Fluid inclusion and isotope geochemistry of the Yangla copper deposit,Yunnan, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xi-An Yang  Jia-Jun Liu  Long-Bo Yang  Si-Yu Han  Xiao-Ming Sun  Huan Wang 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2014,108(2):303-315

The Yangla copper deposit, with Cu reserves of 1.2 Mt, is located between a series of thrust faults in the Jinshajiang–Lancangjiang–Nujiang region, Yunnan, China, and has been mined since 2007. Fluid inclusion trapping conditions ranged from 1.32 to 2.10 kbar at 373–409 °C. Laser Raman spectroscopy confirms that the vapour phase in these inclusions consists of CO₂, CH₄, N₂ and H₂O. The gas phases in the inclusions are H₂O and CO₂, with minor amounts of N₂, O₂, CO, CH₄, C₂H₂, C₂H₄, and C₂H₆. Within the liquid phase, the main cations are Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ while the main anions are SO₄ ^2? and Cl^?. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of the ore-forming fluids (?3.05‰?≤?δ¹⁸O_H2O?≤?2.5‰; ?100‰?≤?δD?≤??120‰) indicate that they were derived from magma and evolved by mixing with local meteoric water. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides range from ?4.20‰ to 1.85‰(average on ?0.85‰), supporting a magmatic origin. Five molybdenite samples taken from the copper deposit yield a well-constrained ¹⁸⁷Re–¹⁸⁷Os isochron age of 232.8?±?2.4 Ma. Given that the Yangla granodiorite formed between 235.6?±?1.2 Ma and 234.1?±?1.2 Ma, the Cu metallogenesis is slightly younger than the crystallization age of the parent magma. A tectonic model that combines hydrothermal fluid flow and isotope compositions is proposed to explain the formation of the Yangla copper deposit. At first, westward subduction of the Jinshajiang Oceanic Plate in the Early Permian resulted in the development of a series of thrust faults. This was accompanied by fractional melting beneath the overriding plate, triggering magma ascent and extensive volcanism. The thrust faults, which were then placed under tension during a change in tectonic mode from compression to extension in the Late Triassic, formed favorable pathways for the magmatic ore-forming fluids. These fluids precipitated copper-sulfides to form the Yangla deposit.  相似文献