江湖阻隔背景下东部平原湖泊鱼类功能特征及多样性变化     

郑鹏  蒋小明  曹亮  王俊  姜卓群 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):151-161

东部平原湖泊区是我国淡水湖泊最集中的地区,分布着我国的五大淡水湖等诸多湖泊.然而,江湖阻隔对该区域湖泊的生物多样性造成严重威胁.本文选取东部平原的9个湖泊,对江湖阻隔前后鱼类功能性状（3组分类性状和6个连续性状）和功能多样性指数的变化规律开展了研究.结果表明,9个湖泊的鱼类总物种数由江湖阻隔前的140种减少为江湖阻隔后的100种,平均物种数由79.6种减少到52.1种（减少34.4%）.江湖阻隔后鱼类群落的功能性状和功能多样性指数发生了显著变化,洄游性鱼类（包括河海洄游和江湖洄游）物种占比（由39.7%降至32.6%）和鱼食性物种占比（由31.1%降至25.2%）显著下降,而非洄游性物种占比（由60.3%升至67.5%）和浮游生物食性物种占比（由13.5%升至15.5%）显著上升.连续型性状中,平均营养级（由3.14降至3.10）显著下降、平均生长速率（由0.57 a^-1升至0.65 a^-1）显著上升.阻隔后的物种数（SR）、功能丰富度指数、功能离散度指数和功能分散指数显著低于阻隔前.本研究表明江湖阻隔后鱼类群落不仅物种丰富度下降,且功能性状趋向同质化（或单一化）发展,致使功能多样性下降.研究结果可为东部平原湖泊的渔业资源管理及湖区生态修复和保护提供重要的理论依据.  相似文献   

代县地电阻率降雨影响及数值模拟     

郭文峰  曹志勇  王海龙 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(2):62-70

多年观测数据表明,代县地电阻率年变受降雨影响比较显著,通过褶积滤波法获取降雨量对视电阻率的影响值,定量分析降雨与视电阻率的相关性。在此基础上,利用代县地电阻率电测深数据及相关地质资料,建立三维有限元模型,模拟降雨对地电阻率的影响,进一步确定降雨对视电阻率影响的物理机制。结果表明:降雨是造成代县地电阻率年变的主要因素,且与视电阻率呈正相关性;降雨造成表层介质含水饱和度发生变化,使得相应电阻率下降近10倍,从而引起地电阻率年变幅度发生近1/10的改变。  相似文献   

水库库容变化对蓟县地震台DSQ型水管倾斜仪观测的影响     

朱冰清  赵黎明  张磊  闫伟  黄金水  李恩建  徐诚  李颖楠  曹井泉 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(2):108-114

对比于桥水库库容变化与蓟县地震台DSQ型水管仪观测数据表明,水库容量对水管仪长周期趋势性变化影响不大,蓄水和泄水过程中库容量变化与水管仪观测数据不存在相关关系。根据近场三维不规则形状荷载模型,对于于桥水库3次蓄水和3次泄水过程,定量计算库容变化对蓟县地震台DSQ型水管倾斜仪观测影响的理论值,结果表明,库容变化引起的水管仪倾斜值与实际观测数据变化幅度相比小得多,库容改变不足以对水管仪倾斜观测造成显著干扰。该分析结果可在观测资料异常判定中提供参考。  相似文献   

A depth‐averaged two‐phase model for debris flows over erodible beds          下载免费PDF全文

Ji Li  Zhixian Cao  Kaiheng Hu  Gareth Pender  Qingquan Liu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(4):817-839

Mass exchange between debris flow and the bed plays a vital role in debris flow dynamics. Here a depth‐averaged two‐phase model is proposed for debris flows over erodible beds. Compared to previous depth‐averaged two‐phase models, the present model features a physical step forward by explicitly incorporating the mass exchange between the flow and the bed. A widely used closure model in fluvial hydraulics is employed to estimate the mass exchange between the debris flow and the bed, and an existing relationship for bed entrainment rate is introduced for comparison. Also, two distinct closure models for the bed shear stresses are evaluated. One uses the Coulomb friction law and Manning's equation to determine the solid and fluid resistances respectively, while the other employs an analytically derived formula for the solid phase and the mixing length approach for the fluid phase. A well‐balanced numerical algorithm is applied to solve the governing equations of the model. The present model is first shown to reproduce average sediment concentrations in steady and uniform debris flows over saturated bed as compared to an existing formula underpinned by experimental datasets. Then, it is demonstrated to perform rather well as compared to the full set of USGS large‐scale experimental debris flows over erodible beds, in producing debris flow depth, front location and bed deformation. The effects of initial conditions on debris flow mass and momentum gain are resolved by the present model, which explicitly demonstrates the roles of the wetness, porosity and volume of bed sediments in affecting the flow. By virtue of extended modeling cases, the present model produces debris flow efficiency that, as revealed by existing observations and empirical relations, increases with initial volume, which is enhanced by mass gain from the bed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

气候变化和人类活动对鄱阳湖水龄影响的定量区分     

范宏翔  徐力刚  朱华  鲁照  曹宇贤  吴亚坤  姜加虎 《湖泊科学》2021,33(4):1175-1187

在气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下,湖泊内部的水动力条件正发生重大的变化,进而影响到湖泊水环境的变化.水龄是颗粒物从入口传输到指定点的时间,可以定量反映水体的运动和交换程度以及滞留情况.如何定量区分人类活动与气候变化对水龄的影响程度,对湖泊水资源科学管理和水环境的治理有着重要的科学意义.本文耦合了深度学习网络和传统二维水动力模型,通过引入基准期概念,定量区分了气候变化和人类活动对鄱阳湖湖区水龄变化的贡献程度.结果表明:(1)本文构建的鄱阳湖流域降雨径流和鄱阳湖湖区二维水动力耦合模型,能够较好地反映鄱阳湖湖区水量交换及流域产流过程,其纳西效率系数分别达到了0.96和0.90以上;(2)鄱阳湖湖区水龄的空间差异显著,东部湖区和南部湖区尾闾水龄平均为228.01 d,而大部分通江水体水龄较小,平均为24.21 d;(3)在气候变化的影响下,鄱阳湖年均有2054 km2的水体水龄呈现减少的趋势,减小幅度为30 d左右,而在人类活动的影响下,在涨水期和丰水期有约58%的湖区水龄呈现上升趋势,而在枯水期和退水期,平均有82%的水体水龄呈现下降趋势.研究结果能够为鄱阳湖水资源管理和水环境治理提供技术支撑,同时也为定量区分人类活动和气候变化对湖泊水动力的影响机制研究提供了一种新思路和视角.  相似文献   

乌梁素海悬浮颗粒物和沉积物有机碳同位素特征及来源     

耿悦  吕喜玺  于瑞宏  孙贺阳  刘心宇  曹正旭  李向伟  朱鹏航  葛铮 《湖泊科学》2021,33(6):1753-1765

悬浮颗粒物和沉积物是湖泊有机污染物的主要承载物质,其稳定同位素研究对有效识别有机质污染导致的湖泊富营养化具有重要意义.本研究选取乌梁素海为研究区,于2019年4月（融冰期）、7月（夏灌期）和10月（秋灌期）对湖区及入湖渠道的表层沉积物和悬浮颗粒物中有机碳的δ¹³C、C/N比及总有机碳（TOC、POC）和总氮（TON、PON）含量进行测定分析,联合采用δ¹³C、C/N及同位素多元混合模型研究湖泊有机碳来源及其贡献率.结果表明,乌梁素海悬浮颗粒物有机碳δ¹³C_POC的变化范围为-23.29‰~-29.75‰,呈现10月>4月>7月、入湖渠道>湖区的趋势,悬浮颗粒物POC/PON比变化范围为4.10~21.35,呈现出4月<7月<10月的时间变化,悬浮颗粒有机质主要来源于浮游植物（51.59%）、入湖渠道泥沙（34.60%）和大型水生植物（13.76%）.沉积物有机碳δ¹³C_TOC变化范围为-27.58‰~-22.68‰,呈现4月<10月<7月的变化,沉积物TOC/TON比变化范围为3.06~23.77,时空变化明显,沉积物有机质则主要源于入湖渠道挟带的泥沙,贡献达72.79%以上,而浮游植物与大型水生植物的贡献率相差较小,分别为11.85%和15.36%.本研究可以初步判定受入湖渠道影响的富营养化湖泊中悬浮颗粒物和沉积物有机碳来源,为改善湖泊有机污染和研究有机碳来源提供更多理解.  相似文献   

Interaction of multiple courses of wave‐induced fluid flow in layered porous media          下载免费PDF全文

Chenghao Cao  Hongbing Zhang  Yixin Pan 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(4):1037-1052

Different theoretical and laboratory studies on the propagation of elastic waves in layered hydrocarbon reservoir have shown characteristic velocity dispersion and attenuation of seismic waves. The wave‐induced fluid flow between mesoscopic‐scale heterogeneities (larger than the pore size but smaller than the predominant wavelengths) is the most important cause of attenuation for frequencies below 1 kHz. Most studies on mesoscopic wave‐induced fluid flow in the seismic frequency band are based on the representative elementary volume, which does not consider interaction of fluid flow due to the symmetrical structure of representative elementary volume. However, in strongly heterogeneous media with unsymmetrical structures, different courses of wave‐induced fluid flow may lead to the interaction of the fluid flux in the seismic band; this has not yet been explored. This paper analyses the interaction of different courses of wave‐induced fluid flow in layered porous media. We apply a one‐dimensional finite‐element numerical creep test based on Biot's theory of consolidation to obtain the fluid flux in the frequency domain. The characteristic frequency of the fluid flux and the strain rate tensor are introduced to characterise the interaction of different courses of fluid flux. We also compare the behaviours of characteristic frequencies and the strain rate tensor on two scales: the local scale and the global scale. It is shown that, at the local scale, the interaction between different courses of fluid flux is a dynamic process, and the weak fluid flux and corresponding characteristic frequencies contain detailed information about the interaction of the fluid flux. At the global scale, the averaged strain rate tensor can facilitate the identification of the interaction degree of the fluid flux for the porous medium with a random distribution of mesoscopic heterogeneities, and the characteristic frequency of the fluid flux is potentially related to that of the peak attenuation. The results are helpful for the prediction of the distribution of oil–gas patches based on the statistical properties of phase velocities and attenuation in layered porous media with random disorder.  相似文献   

Characterization of phosphorus sorption on the sediments of Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent areas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiaoyan Cao  Xiaoyue Liu  Jiamei Zhu  Lisha Wang  Sumei Liu  Guipeng Yang 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):277-284

This paper studied the kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics of phosphorus sorption onto the sediments of the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters, as well as the sediments' compositions and physicochemical properties. The process could be described well by a two-compartment first order equation. The sorbed phosphorus mainly consisted of Ex-P and Fe-P, with Ex-P being the dominant. The equilibrium isotherms could be fitted well with a modified Langmuir equation. The calculations of the thermodynamic parameters indicated that the process was spontaneous and exothermic. The CEC and the fractions of clay, calcite and organic matter were correlated with the sorption parameters, while the surface proton charge of the sediments was significantly negatively correlated with them. Considering the kinetics and phosphorus forms changes during the process, the sorption in our study could be considered that the physical process plays an important role.  相似文献   

1980s以来巢湖藻华物候时空变化遥感分析     

袁俊  曹志刚  马金戈  沈明  齐天赐  段洪涛 《湖泊科学》2023,35(1):57-72

蓝藻水华暴发时间变化一定程度上表征了藻华物候特征,研究藻华物候变化可为湖泊水环境健康问题治理和缓解水生生态系统环境退化提供科学依据。以往巢湖蓝藻水华遥感监测主要基于2000年以来的MODIS卫星数据,限制了对巢湖蓝藻水华暴发时空变化过程的理解。本文利用Landsat扩展时间序列,联合MODIS数据,基于浮游藻类指数和阈值分割技术提取巢湖蓝藻水华,在评估二者藻华提取结果一致性的基础上,获取并分析了巢湖1987-2020年蓝藻水华暴发物候的规律及影响因子。结果表明：(1) 2000年前,巢湖蓝藻水华暴发规模较小,2000年后面积显著上升,大面积蓝藻水华出现频繁,2011年达到最高峰(608.4 km²);(2)1987-2020年间,巢湖蓝藻水华暴发可以分为3个阶段：(1)1987-2004年,巢湖蓝藻水华年暴发开始时间显著提前,暴发持续时间显著增加;(2)2005-2010年,藻华年暴发开始时间显著延迟,但暴发持续时间变化不显著;(3)2011-2020年,巢湖藻华暴发开始、结束和持续时间呈现年际波动,年暴发开始时间、结束时间和持续时间有所提前,但不显著;(3)巢湖...  相似文献   

云县地震台DSQ水管倾斜仪与VP垂直摆观测资料对比分析     

曹白伦  何应文  匡福江  段勇 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,38(3):128-133

云县地震台架设DSQ水管倾斜仪和VP垂直摆2套数字化地倾斜观测仪器,2套仪器的结构和原理差别较大,但观测的物理量一致。本文从数据完整率、内在精度、年变幅度、相关性、形态特征等角度出发,对数据进行对比分析,结果表明:2套仪器稳定性均较强,数据完整率较高,且地倾斜变化规律一致,均能反映监测区域大地倾斜变化特征,年变趋势受降雨干扰明显。  相似文献