Das innere Gefüge der Stauch-Endmoränen und seine Bedeutung für die Gliederung des Altmoränengebietes     

Walter Carlé 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1938,29(1-2):27-51

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Neue Aufschlüsse     

Walter Carlé 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1937,28(8):625-625

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The geology of parts of Southern Norway     

Olaf Holtedahl  Arne Bugge  Carl Fred. Kolderup  Halvor Rosendahl  Jakob Schetelig  Leif Størmer 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》1934,45(3):307-IN8

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Über die Entstehung und die Natur radioaktiver Quellen     

Carl Genser 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1932,23(3-4):188-237

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, da\ radioaktive Quellen, insbesondere solche von bedeutender Aktivität, stets an saure Eruptivgesteine und an ausgeprägte Spalten- und Kluftsysteme gebunden sind. Dies gilt sowohl für radiumemanationshaltige wie auch für radiumsalzhaltige Quellen.Die Genesis radioaktiver Quellen ist durchaus nicht einheitlich. Die Entstehung der Quellen von Brambach i. Vogtl. wird auf die Vereinigung von auf Gasspalten zirkulierender emanationshaltiger Kohlensäure mit wasserführenden Spalten zurückgeführt, wobei als emanationslieferndes Gestein der normale Brambacher Granit in Frage kommt. Die Wässer von Oberschlema verdanken ihre hohe Aktivität einem, unter der Wirkung gering sulfathaltiger Wässer zustandekommenden, hochaktiven Belag der Spalten- und Kluftwände. Beim Durchflie\en des Wassers durch die Spalten nimmt das Wasser die von dem hochaktiven Belag abgegebene Emanation in Lösung. Genetisch sehr nahe stehen den Oberschlemaer Wässern die Quellen im Bereiche des Eibenstocker Granitmassivs. Der aktive emanationsspendende Spaltenbelag wird hier durch sekundäre Uranmineralien, insbesondere Uranglimmer, gebildet. Für den Radiumsalzgehalt der Heidelberger Therme wird angenommen, da\ das radiumsalzhaltige Wasser auf Spalten aus dem tiefliegenden Granit hochsteigt und sich dann erst mit der thermalen Sole vereinigt. Für die dem Heidelberger Thermalwasser sehr nahe stehenden Wässer von Kreuznach kommt eine ähnliche Entstehung in Frage. Das saure Gestein ist hier die Ergu\form des granitischen Magmas, ein Quarzporphyr. Beim Aufstieg in den Spalten nimmt das radiumsalzhaltige Wasser aber weiterhin die von den Spaltenwänden abgegebenen wesentlichen Emanationsmengen in Lösung.Auf geologisch-chemischer und radiologischer Grundlage wird schlie\lich noch eine übersicht und natürliche Einteilung der radioaktiven Wässer gegeben.  相似文献   

Kurt Grundlach zum Gedächtnis     

Walter Carlé 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1944,34(7-8):777-779

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Editorial     

Carl Sagan 《Icarus》1978,34(3):445

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Evaporation of ice in planetary atmospheres: Ice-covered rivers on mars     

David Wallace  Carl Sagan 《Icarus》1979,39(3):385-400

The evaporation rate of water ice on the surface of a planet with an atmosphere involves an equilibrium between solar heating and radiative and evaporative cooling of the ice layer. The thickness of the ice is governed principally by the solar flux which penetrates the ice layer and then is conducted back to the surface. These calculations differ from those of Lingenfelter et al. [(1968) Science161, 266–269] for putative lunar channels in including the effect of the atmosphere. Evaporation from the surface is governed by two physical phenomena: wind and free convection. In the former case, water vapor diffuses from the surface of the ice through a lamonar boundary layer and then is carried away by eddy diffusion above, provided by the wind. The latter case, in the absence of wind, is similar, except that the eddy diffusion is caused by the lower density of water vapor than the Martian atmosphere. For mean Martian insolations the evaporation rate above the ice is ～ 10^?8 g cm^?2 sec^?1. Thus, even under present Martian conditions a flowing channel of liquid water will be covered with ice which evaporates sufficiently slowly that the water below can flow for hundreds of kilometers even with quite modest discharges. Evaporation rates are calculated for a wide range of frictional velocities, atmospheric pressures, and insolations and it seems clear that at least some subset of observed Martian channels may have formed as ice-choked rivers. Typical equilibrium thicknesses of such ice covers are ～ 10 to 30 m; typical surface temperatures are 210 to 235°K. Ice-covered channels or lakes on Mars today may be of substantial biological interest. Ice is a sufficiently poor conductor of heat that sunlight which penetrates it can cause melting to a depth of several meters or more. Because the obliquity of Mars can vary up to some 35°, the increased polar heating at such times seems able to cause subsurface melting of the ice caps to a depth which corresponds to the observed lamina thickness and may be responsible for the morphology of these polar features.  相似文献   

Gaschromatographisehe Untersuchung einiger Systeme aus Tonmineralien und organischen Stoffen     

Dr. Carl E. Legate  Dr. William D. Johns 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1964,10(1):60-69

Gas chromatographic studies of simple organic -montmorillonite systems were carried out over the temperature range 40–90° C. Experimentally derived heats of absorption and relative activity coefficients indicate that the polar group of compounds studied exhibits organic-silicate interaction over the entire temperature range. The chromatographic separation of a group of non-polar hydrocarbons is most effective over the temperature range 40–70° C, when a layer of adsorbed water is present between silicate sheets. In this case organic-water interactions are important and the chromatographic separation is largely dependent upon relative solubility of hydrocarbons in the adsorbed water. Over the temperature range 70–90° C chromatographic separation of the hydrocarbons is effected by organic-silicate interactions in the absence of adsorbed water. It is suggested that these processes are in principle effective in natural sedimentary columns.

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Herrn Prof. Dr.Carl W. Correns zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献   

The last lavas erupted during the main phase of the Siberian flood volcanic province: results from experimental petrology     

Linda T. Elkins-Tanton  David S. Draper  Carl B. Agee  Jessica Jewell  Andrew Thorpe  P. C. Hess 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,153(2):191-209

The final lavas of the Siberian flood basalts are a ∼1,000 m thick section of meimechites, high-alkali, high-titanium, hydrous lavas that contrast sharply with the tholeiites that precede them. This paper presents a phase equilibrium study indicating that a candidate primary meimechite magma with 1 wt% water originated at ∼5.5 GPa and 1,700°C, both hotter and shallower than other estimates for melting beneath continental lithosphere. The experiments also suggest that a higher volatile content was involved in meimechite source genesis. Both the absence of orthopyroxene in any experiment and the close field association with carbonatites suggest that the meimechite source region may have been metasomatized with a CO₂-rich fluid. A small additional quantity of CO₂ and water would move magma origination to ∼1,550–1,600°C.  相似文献   

Finite-frequency tomography using adjoint methods—Methodology and examples using membrane surface waves     

Carl Tape  Qinya Liu  Jeroen Tromp 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,168(3):1105-1129

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