Vertical Land Motion in the Mediterranean Sea from Altimetry and Tide Gauge Stations     

Luciana Fenoglio-Marc  Carola Dietz  Erwin Groten 《Marine Geodesy》2004,27(3):683-701

We have computed estimates of the rate of vertical land motion in the Mediterranean Sea from differences of sea level heights measured by the TOPEX/Poseidon radar altimeter and by a set of tide gauge stations. The comparison of data at 16 tide gauges, using both hourly data from local datasets and monthly data from the PSMSL dataset, shows a general agreement, significant differences are found at only one location. Differences of near-simultaneous, monthly and deseasoned monthly sea level height time-series have been considered in order to reduce the error in the estimated linear-term. In a subset of 23 tide gauge stations the mean accuracy of the estimated vertical rates is 2.3 ± 0.8 mm/yr. Results for various stations are in agreement with estimates of vertical land motion from geodetic methods. A comparison with vertical motion estimated by GPS at four locations shows a mean difference of -0.04 ± 1.8 mm/yr, however the length of the GPS time-series and the number of locations are too small to draw general conclusions.  相似文献   

Migration history of North Sea houting (Coregonus oxyrinchus L.) caught in Lake IJsselmeer (The Netherlands) inferred from scale transects of 88Sr:44Ca ratios     

Jost Borcherding  Carola Pickhardt  Hendrik V. Winter  J. Sabine Becker 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2008,70(1):47-56

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Solar energetic particle fluences from SOHO/ERNE     

Eino Valtonen  Esa Riihonen  Iiro-Ville Lehtinen 《Acta Geophysica》2009,57(1):116-124

We have calculated integral fluences of solar protons and helium nuclei at 19 energy thresholds between 1.6 and 90 MeV/n from the SOHO/ERNE measurements during the years 1996–2005. We have also calculated fluences of oxygen and iron in the energy range from 10 up to a few hundred MeV/n for nineteen solar energetic particle (SEP) events. These are the first results of the work aiming at a full employment of the ERNE data in investigating the fluence distributions of SEP events over the entire solar activity cycle 23 and in deriving the total dose received on-board SOHO during its mission. Some instrumental problems are identified and future developments are presented.  相似文献   

Choosing a site for the capital of Europe     

Carola Hein 《GeoJournal》2000,51(1-2):83-97

The European Union has achieved internal cohesion and international economic recognition, but economics alone has not yet led to a united Europe. Although this cohesiveness strongly influence regions and cities, and cities have started to refer to their European background, the member nations continue to hold regional and urban planning power. Forced to take unanimous decisions, the European Council of Ministers maintained the doctrine of a unique capital for 40 years, provoking numerous urban and architectural visions while simultaneously accepting the existence of three provisional headquarters, Brussels, Strasbourg and Luxembourg. The host nations, Belgium, France and Luxembourg meanwhile oriented these cities to both European economic considerations and local needs.This article analyzes the logic that led to decentralization of the capital city functions, the reasons why cities were interested in hosting the European Communities, what individual cities and nations suggested and why the most obvious solutions were not adopted. The Maastricht Treaty, the ongoing strengthening of European and regional institutions, and the choice of the provisional headquarters as definite capitals in 1992 gives cause for hope that concepts based on European and regional necessities beyond the nation-state will now be elaborated. A European network of cities and regions including the three political capitals of Europe, as revealed by their infrastructures and buildings, seems to be the best expression of the meaning of European unity.  相似文献   

Public perception of climate engineering and carbon capture and storage in Germany: survey evidence     

Carola Braun  Christine Merk  Gert Pönitzsch  Katrin Rehdanz  Ulrich Schmidt 《Climate Policy》2018,18(4):471-484

Climate engineering (CE) and carbon capture and storage are controversial options for addressing climate change. This study compares public perception in Germany of three specific measures: solar radiation management (SRM) via stratospheric sulphate injection, large-scale afforestation, and carbon capture and storage sub-seabed (CCS-S). In a survey experiment we find that afforestation is most readily accepted as a measure for addressing climate change, followed by CCS-S and lastly SRM, which is widely rejected. Providing additional information decreases acceptance for all measures, but their ranking remains unchanged. The acceptance of all three measures is especially influenced by the perceived seriousness of climate change and by trust in institutions. Also, respondents dislike the measures more if they perceive them as a way of shirking responsibility for emissions or as an unconscionable manipulation of nature. Women react more negatively to information than men, whereas the level of education or the degree of intuitive vs reflective decision making does not influence the reaction to information.

POLICY RELEVANCE

Current projections suggest that the use of climate engineering (CE) technologies or carbon capture and storage (CCS) is necessary if global warming is to be kept well below 2°C. Our article focuses on the perspective of the general public and thus supplements the dialogue between policymakers, interest groups, and scientists on how to address climate change. We show that in Germany public acceptance of potentially effective measures such as SRM or CCS-S is low and decreases even more when additional information is provided. This implies that lack of public acceptance may turn out to be a bottleneck for future implementation. Ongoing research and development in connection with CCS-S and SRM requires continuous communication with, and involvement of, the public in order to obtain feedback and assess the public’s reservations about the measures. The low level of acceptance also implies that emission reduction should remain a priority in climate policy.  相似文献