Radiating gravitational collapse with shear viscosity     

R. Chan 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,316(3):588-604

A model is proposed of a collapsing radiating star consisting of an isotropic fluid with shear viscosity undergoing radial heat flow with outgoing radiation. The pressure of the star, at the beginning of the collapse, is isotropic but owing to the presence of the shear viscosity the pressure becomes more and more anisotropic. The behaviour of the density, pressure, mass, luminosity and the effective adiabatic index is analysed. Our work is compared to the case of a collapsing shearing fluid of a previous model, for a star with 6 M_⊙.  相似文献   

Development of a GPGPU-parallelized hybrid finite-discrete element method for modeling rock fracture     

Daisuke Fukuda  Mojtaba Mohammadnejad  Hongyuan Liu  Sevda Dehkhoda  Andrew Chan  Sang-Ho Cho  Gyeong-Jo Min  Haoyu Han  Jun-ichi Kodama  Yoshiaki Fujii 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(10):1797-1824

The hybrid finite-discrete element method (FDEM) is widely used for engineering applications, which, however, is computationally expensive and needs further development, especially when rock fracture process is modeled. This study aims to further develop a sequential hybrid FDEM code formerly proposed by the authors and parallelize it using compute unified device architecture (CUDA) C/C++ on the basis of a general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU) for rock engineering applications. Because the contact detection algorithm in the sequential code is not suitable for GPGPU parallelization, a different contact detection algorithm is implemented in the GPGPU-parallelized hybrid FDEM. Moreover, a number of new features are implemented in the hybrid FDEM code, including the local damping technique for efficient geostatic stress analysis, contact damping, contact friction, and the absorbing boundary. Then, a number of simulations with both quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions are conducted using the GPGPU-parallelized hybrid FDEM, and the obtained results are compared both quantitatively and qualitatively with those from either theoretical analysis or the literature to calibrate the implementations. Finally, the speed-up performance of the hybrid FDEM is discussed in terms of its performance on various GPGPU accelerators and a comparison with the sequential code, which reveals that the GPGPU-parallelized hybrid FDEM can run more than 128 times faster than the sequential code if it is run on appropriate GPGPU accelerators, such as the Quadro GP100. It is concluded that the GPGPU-parallelized hybrid FDEM developed in this study is a valuable and powerful numerical tool for rock engineering applications.  相似文献   

Generalized plasticity and the modelling of soil behaviour     

M. Pastor  O. C. Zienkiewicz  A. H. C. Chan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1990,14(3):151-190

The paper outlines the theory of generalized plasticity in which yield and plastic potential surfaces need not be explicitly defined, and shows how a very effective general model describing the behaviour of sands and of clays under monotonic or transient loading can be developed. The model is currently one of the simplest and yet one of the most effective ones for describing the full range of behaviour. The hierarchical structure of the model limits the number of parameters which have to be experimentally determined for a given material to those strictly necessary for the problem at hand. A discussion of currently used models is included.  相似文献   

Elastic properties of the incommensurate phase of akermanite,Ca2MgSi2O7     

Zhuang Li  Sai-Kit Chan  Subrata Ghose 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1990,17(5):462-466

The crystal structure of akermanite, Ca₂Mg-Si₂O₇, consists of mixed tetrahedral sheets formed by [MgO₄] tetrahedra and [Si₂O₇] groups interleaved along the c axis with Ca²⁺ ions in eight-fold coordination. Above 358 K, the structure is tetragonal , and below it is incommensurate with modulations parallel to [110] and . The elastic stiffness moduli, C ^ij of the incommensurate phase at room temperature were measured from wave velocities in the 20–75 MHz carrier frequency range by the ultrasonic phase comparison method using optically clear synthetic single crystal plates (3×3×2 mm) oriented parallel to (100), (001), (110) and (101) planes. The C _ij values (GPa) are: C ₁₁ 159.40, C ₃₃ 149.43, C ₄₄ 30.26, C ₆₆ 58.10, C ₁₂ 76.58 and C ₁₃ 57.80. In (010) and (001) planes, the compressional modulus, V ²(L) from the longitudinal wave, L is considerably larger than the shear moduli, V ²(T₁, T ₂) both from the in-plane and perpendicular-to-plane shear waves, T ₁ and T ₂. The relatively small values of the shear moduli indicate the ease of tetrahedral rotations in response to in-plane and perpendicular-to-plane shears and may provide preconditions for structural changes involving shear-type atomic movements.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Spatiotemporal Distribution of Sea Surface Wind along the East Coast of Guangdong Province     

Fei Liao  Hua Deng  Pak-wai Chan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2018,32(4):627-635

We analyzed the frequency distribution characteristics of wind speeds occurring at different offshore sites within a range of 0–200 km based on the sea surface wind data captured via buoys and oil platforms located along the east coast of Guangdong Province. The results of the analysis showed that average wind speed measured for each station reached a maximum in winter while minima occurred in summer, corresponding to obvious seasonal variation, and average wind speed increased with offshore distance. The prevailing wind direction at the nearshore site is the easterly wind, and the frequency of winds within 6–10 m s^–1 is considerable with that of winds at > 10 m s^–1. With the increase of the offshore distance, the winds were less affected by the land, and the prevailing wind direction gradually became northerly winds, predominately those at > 10 m s^–1. For areas of shorter offshore distance (< 100 km), surface wind speeds fundamentally conformed to a two-parameter Weibull distribution, but there was a significant difference between wind speed probability distributions and the Weibull distribution in areas more than 100 km offshore. The mean wind speeds and wind speed standard deviations increased with the offshore distance, indicating that with the increase of the wind speed, the pulsation of the winds increased obviously, resulting in an increase in the ratio of the mean wind speed to the standard deviation of wind speed. When the ratio was large, the skewness became negative. When a relatively great degree of dispersion was noted between the observed skewness and the skewness corresponding to the theoretical Weibull curve, the wind speed probability distribution could not be adequately described by a Weibull distribution. This study provides a basis for the verification of the adaptability of Weibull distribution in different sea areas.  相似文献   

欧洲东部土壤湿度对东北亚初夏气温异常转折的影响及其可能物理过程          下载免费PDF全文

张婵  范可  徐志清  杨启东 《大气科学学报》2023,46(4):532-548

采用1979—2020年观测和再分析资料,研究了年际时间尺度上初夏(5—6月)东北亚气温异常月际转折的基本特征,以及欧洲东部土壤湿度异常对其的影响及可能物理过程。结果表明,年际时间尺度上东北亚初夏气温异常月际演变的主导模态为转折模态,即5月偏暖(冷)则6月偏冷(暖);转折模态的形成直接源于东北亚地区环流异常的转折。进一步分析发现,5月欧洲东部土壤湿度偏低往往导致东北亚5月偏暖而6月偏冷,可能的物理过程如下:5月土壤湿度偏低导致局地土壤温度和对流层低层增温,进而造成地中海地区(欧洲北部)对流层低层经向温度梯度和大气斜压性减弱(增强),相应地高频瞬变波活动减弱(增强),并通过瞬变涡度强迫有利于欧洲中东部形成异常高压和Rossby波波源;相关的Rossby波沿极锋急流东传,导致东北亚为准正压的异常高压,地表升温。土壤湿度异常可持续到6月,但强度减弱;类似地,其可通过瞬变涡度强迫有利于异常高压和Rossby波波源的形成,但中心西移至欧洲西部;相关Rossby波活动导致东北亚为准正压的异常低压,地表降温。5月和6月欧洲东部土壤湿度异常相关的 Rossby波的活动特征(波源、活动中心和传播路径)存在明显差异,这与两个月欧亚北部大气平均态的差异密切相关。当5月欧洲东部土壤湿度偏高时,上述物理过程则大致相反。  相似文献   

Detailed surface co-seismic displacement of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in western Taiwan and implication of fault geometry in the shallow subsurface     

Chung Huang  Yu-Chang Chan  Jyr-Ching Hu  Jacques Angelier  Jian-Cheng Lee 《Journal of Structural Geology》2008,30(9):1167-1176

The northern segment of the Chelungpu Fault shows an unusually large co-seismic displacement from the event of the Mw 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake in western Taiwan. Part of the northern segment near the Fengyuan City provides an excellent opportunity for characterizing active thrust-related structures due to a dense geodetic-benchmark network. We reproduced co-seismic deformation patterns of a small segment of this Chelungpu Fault using 924 geodetic benchmarks. According to the estimated displacement vectors, we identified secondary deformations, such as local rigid-block rotation and significant shortening within the hanging wall. The data set also allows us to determine accurately a 3D model of the thrust fault geometry in the shallow subsurface by assuming simple relations between the fault slip, and the horizontal and vertical displacements at the surface. The predicted thrust geometry is in good agreement with borehole data derived from two drilling sites close to the study area. The successful prediction supports our assumptions of rigid displacement and control of displacement in the hanging wall by the fault geometry being useful first approximations.  相似文献   

The interaction of binary vortices in a barotropic model     

J. C. L. Chan  A. C. K. Law 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1995,56(1-2):135-155

Summary The interaction of binary cyclonic vortices is investigated using the nondivergent barotropic model of Chan and Williams (1987) under two situations: a quiescent environment and a linearly-sheared background flow. It is found that the mutual interaction between the vortices results from a combination of two processes: the advection of symmetric vorticity by the asymmetric flow and the advection of asymmetric vorticity by the symmetric flow. The latter contribution is rather significant. Whether the vortices in a binary system attract or repel each other depends on the asymmetric vorticity distribution associated with the two vortices. Such a distribution is governed by the structure (size) of and the separation between the vortices. In the presence of a sheared flow, the contribution from the advection of asymmetric vorticity by the symmetric flow may also become appreciable depending on the structure and magnitude of the shear. Furthermore, the geographical locations of the vortices in relation to the sheared flow are also important in determining the relative movement of the vortices.In the presence of , the movements of the vortices are modified by the northwestward -drift However, the relative motion between the vortices is almost identical to that on an f-plane. In other words, the mutual interaction between the vortices is largely independent of . Alternatively, the two vortices can be considered to be one system which drifts towards the northwest under the influence of while they interact with each other within the system. Physically, this independence arises because the two relative vorticity advection terms have much larger magnitudes than the planetary vorticity advection term. However, the -effect is still important in that it modifies the asymmetric flow associated with each vortex and hence the asymmetric vorticity. Such modifications change the advection patterns compared with the =0 case and hence lead to different vortex movements. The presence of a linear shear causes the binary system to move as if it was a large (for a cyclonic shear) or smaller (for an anticyclonic shear) vortex under the influence of .With 22 Figures  相似文献   

Projected Shifts in Kppen Climate Zones over China and Their Temporal Evolution in CMIP5 Multi-Model Simulations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Duo Chan  Qigang Wu  Guixiang Jiang  Xianglin Dai 《大气科学进展》2016,33(3):283-293

Previous studies have examined the projected climate types in China by 2100. This study identified the emergence time of climate shifts at a 1?scale over China from 1990 to 2100 and investigated the temporal evolution of K o¨ppen–Geiger climate classifications computed from CMIP5 multi-model outputs. Climate shifts were detected in transition regions(7%–8% of China's land area) by 2010, including rapid replacement of mixed forest(Dwb) by deciduous forest(Dwa) over Northeast China, strong shrinkage of alpine climate type(ET) on the Tibetan Plateau, weak northward expansion of subtropical winterdry climate(Cwa) over Southeast China, and contraction of oceanic climate(Cwb) in Southwest China. Under all future RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway) scenarios, the reduction of Dwb in Northeast China and ET on the Tibetan Plateau was projected to accelerate substantially during 2010–30, and half of the total area occupied by ET in 1990 was projected to be redistributed by 2040. Under the most severe scenario(RCP8.5), sub-polar continental winter dry climate over Northeast China would disappear by 2040–50, ET on the Tibetan Plateau would disappear by 2070, and the climate types in 35.9%and 50.8% of China's land area would change by 2050 and 2100, respectively. The results presented in this paper indicate imperative impacts of anthropogenic climate change on China's ecoregions in future decades.  相似文献   

ENC不一致性问题分类及其对策     

陈长林  陆毅  贾俊涛  鲁强  朱颖 《测绘科学技术学报》2016,(2):208-214

ENC作为一种独特的地理空间信息产品,广泛应用于ECDIS(电子海图显示与信息系统)。由于多方面原因,海员在ECDIS使用过程中可发现ENC中存在一些不一致性现象,不仅影响了ENC的数据质量和可信度,而且容易使海员对海上地理要素产生混淆和误判,最终影响船舶海上航行安全。由于海图编绘资料的多源性以及以单幅数据进行生产的作业模式,数据生产者在数据质量评价时都将关注点放在单幅数据的检校,却忽视了数据之间的不一致问题。为此,对各类不一致问题进行梳理分类,按照出现位置不同,将不一致问题分为"ENC内部不一致性"、"邻接ENC之间不一致性"和"重叠ENC之间不一致性"等3大类,分别进行了原因分析和示例说明,最后给出了解决ENC不一致性的途径,为ENC不一致问题的进一步研究指明了方向。  相似文献