西沙永兴岛降水的酸度及其化学组成   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

吴兑  项培英  常业谛  甘春玲  毛伟康  张森才 《气象学报》1989,47(3):381-384

本文对1987年5月在西沙永兴岛的雨水采样进行了分析。在西南季风盛行初期,副热带高压控制下的孤立分散的积雨云降水中,采集了雨量大于0.1mm的5次降雨。采样点设在西沙气象台二楼平台上,距海面约13m,向西距海岸边约70余米;每次采样用一直径45cm的塑料盆(用去离子水冲洗3次),现场测定pH值和电导率,水样装入洁净的聚乙烯塑料瓶中存入冰箱。同期,每隔一周  相似文献   

Seismic support of electronic and computer equipment on raised floors     

I-Kwang Chang 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1986,5(3)

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Computer simulation and modelling of mechanical properties of particulates     

Ching S. Chang  Anil Misra 《Computers and Geotechnics》1989,7(4):269-287

The mechanical properties of particulate systems are studied from a micromechanics point of view. Two approaches, namely, computer simulation and micro-structural continuum modelling are used. The computer simulation method is used to study the uniformity of the strain field and effect of particle rotations. These results are then used to evaluate the applicability of the micro-structural continuum model. Potential applications of the micro-structural continuum model in the study of mechanical properties of soils are discussed.  相似文献   

Capacity evaluation of statnamic tested long piles     

San-Shyan Lin  J. L. Hong  Wei F. Lee  Y. H. Chang 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2004,24(11):829-838

A procedure that uses the structural damping (SD) concept for estimating the capacity of a pile based on the Statnamic (STN) pile load test results, formerly used by the authors for short piles, is extended in this paper for the STN tested long piles. Similar to segmental unloading point method procedures for long piles, the shaft length is divided into several segments and each segment is assumed to behave as a mass of a single degree of freedom. The SD concept is then applied to each segment to consider the displacement related soil damping instead of the velocity dependent damping. Instrumented strain gauge data at different levels of the shaft are required for the interpretation method. Three case studies are presented in this paper to study the validity and applicability of the present method. The predicted results are also compared to the available test or analytical data.  相似文献   

Characterization of liquefaction resistance in gravelly soil: large hammer penetration test and shear wave velocity approach   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ping-Sien Lin  Chi-Wen Chang  Wen-Jong Chang 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2004,24(9-10):675

Gravelly soil is generally recognized to have no liquefaction potential. However, liquefaction cases were reported in central Taiwan in the 1999 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake and in the 1988 Armenia earthquake. Thus, further studies on the liquefaction potential of gravelly soil are warranted. Because large particles can impede the penetration of both standard penetration test and cone penetration test, shear wave velocity-based correlations and large hammer penetration tests (LPT) are employed to evaluate the liquefaction resistance of gravelly soils. A liquefied gravelly deposit site during the Chi-Chi earthquake was selected for this research. In situ physical properties of soil deposits were collected from exploratory trenches. Instrumented LPT and shear wave velocity (V_s) measurements were performed to evaluate the liquefaction resistance. In addition, large-scale cyclic triaxial tests on remolded gravelly soil samples (15 cm in diameter, 30 cm in height) were conducted to verify and improve LPT-based and V_s-based correlations. The results show that the LPT and shear wave velocity methods are reasonably suitable for liquefaction assessment of gravelly soils.  相似文献   

U–Pb zircon ages and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions for Permian–Jurassic plutons in the Ogcheon belt and Ryeongnam massif, Korea: Tectonic implications and correlation with the China Qinling–Dabie belt and the Japan Hida belt     

Cheong-Bin Kim  Ho-Wan Chang  Andrew Turek 《Island Arc》2003,12(4):366-382

Abstract The Ogcheon fold belt and the Ryeongnam massif in the Korean Peninsula are made up of Precambrian igneous and sedimentary rocks that have been metamorphosed, tectonically deformed and extensively intruded by mafic to felsic plutonic rocks of Permian to Jurassic age. In the present study, we report seven new U–Pb zircon ages and Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic data for Permian to Jurassic plutons in the Ogcheon belt and the Ryeongnam massif. In the Ogcheon belt, these are: the Cheongsan porphyritic granite (217 ± 3.1 My), the Baegrog foliated granodiorite (206.4 ± 3.6 My), the Sani granite (178.8 ± 2.9 My) and the Yeonggwang foliated granite (173.0 ± 1.7 My). For the Ryeongnam massif, we report on the Yeongdeog foliated granodiorite (252.2 ± 2.9 My), the Sancheong gabbro (203.8 ± 3.3 My) and the Baegseogri foliated granodiorite (177.8 ± 2.4 My). All of these ages are lower concordia intercepts; the upper concordia intercepts indicate derivation from a Precambrian protolith. Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes also reveal that much of the Permian–Jurassic (252–173 Ma) plutonism in Korea was generated by recycling of Precambrian rocks. These new ages, together with other published zircon ages indicate that the plutonism in the Ogcheon fold belt is coeval with that in the Ryeongnam massif, but based on the Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic evidence, they are not cogenetic. In addition, zircon ages provide information on the movement along the Honam shear zone, which cuts across the whole Korean Peninsula and along most of its length provides the boundary between the Ogcheon fold belt and the Ryeongnam massif. It has a prolonged history of movement and deformation and appears to have been active from the Precambrian through to the Mesozoic, from before 1924 Ma to at least 180 Ma. The Permian–Jurassic igneous and tectonic activity in Korea is a manifestation of the more extensive orogenic activities that affected the East Asian continent at that time. In China, ultra high‐pressure rocks of the Qinling–Dabie belt formed between 210 and 230 Ma as result of the collision between the South China block and the North China block. In central Japan, corresponding plutonic activity is dated as 175 to 231 Ma. The absence of ultra high‐pressure rocks in Korea and Japan precludes a simple extension of the Qinling–Dabie belt eastwards; however, the effects of the continental collision eastwards are apparent from the igneous and tectonic activity.  相似文献   

Static stress changes as a triggering mechanism of a shallow earthquake: case study of the 1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jeng-Cheng WangChiou-Fen Shieh  Tao-Ming Chang 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2003,135(1):17-25

The role of static stress changes in triggering an earthquake has long been debated in the fields of geophysics and fault mechanics. Valuable data sets for the study of static triggering were provided within the 1-year period following the devastating 1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake (M_W=7.6), during which more than 20,000 aftershocks occurred. In this study, stress waves generated by the Chi-Chi earthquake were calculated using a source rupture model in conjunction with a layered elastic model. Static (permanent) stress changes were extracted from the long-period offsets in the stressgrams. Correlations between the calculated stress changes and seismicity were analyzed at different depths and over varying time intervals to ascertain the impact effects of stress changes on triggering aftershocks. Correlations between prior seismicity rates and static stress changes imposed by the Chi-Chi event were low, while correlations between late seismicity rates and static stress changes were much higher. This indicates that static stress changes did affect the occurrence of the Chi-Chi aftershock sequence. The percentage of early aftershocks at shallow depths (0-10 km) in static stress-enhanced areas within 2 weeks of the main shock was high but decreased considerably at greater depths (>10 km) and over longer time periods. It is concluded that static stress changes at depths of 0-10 km played a major role in triggering crustal aftershocks, especially those that occurred within 2 weeks of the main shock. In the deeper crust, static stress changes may have been modified by viscous flow, and at later times, perturbed by earlier, larger aftershocks. Although the correlations between seismicity rate changes and static stress changes are imperfect, a region that was anti-triggered is detected when these two results are compared. Static stress changes are presumably not the only aftershock triggering mechanism, but they definitively play a major role in triggering shallow aftershocks.  相似文献   

Discovery of the copper deposits with features of the Keweenawan type in the border area of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces     

Zhu Bingquan  Hu Yaoguo  Zhang Zhengwei  Chang Xiangyang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(1):60-72

There existed intense Cu anomaly on the northeastern side of the geochemical boundary with NW strike in the border area between the Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. Through field observation, ore bodies of high-grade native coppers have been found. The copper mineralization was constrained by the ancient volcanic vents of Permian basalt eruption and the overlain strata of carbonaceous argillites. Native coppers with flaky, net veined and impregnated occurrences, fine-grained tenorites and massive chalcocites widely occur in volcanic breccias, tuffs, carbonaceous-siliceous argillites and siliceous bitumen rocks with bed thickness of about 15–80 m. Cu contents vary from 0.5% to 20%. The copper mineralization was tightly related to actino-lite-tremolitization, zeolitization and bituminization and involved in extensive reduction environments. Continental flood basalts erupted in mantle plume environments usually have high Cu concentrations (～170 ×10^?6 in the Emeishan basalts), which provided a copper source of mineralization. Thus, metallogenesis of the native copper deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou border area is tightly associated with intensive crust-mantle and organic-inorganic interactions. The tremolitization and chalcocitization indicate that the metallogenic temperatures are in a range of 400–100°C. The geologic background and characteristics of ore and alteration for the native copper deposits in this area are somewhat similar to those of the Keweenawan native copper deposit in Michigan, USA.  相似文献   

南黄海东南部冰后期泥质沉积物中磁性矿物的成岩变化及其对环境变化的响应   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

刘健  朱日祥  李绍全  Jeong-Hae Chang 《中国科学D辑》2003,33(6):583-592

YSDP103孔位于南黄海东南部冷涡泥质沉积区, 0~29.79 m岩心代表约13 ka BP以来形成的陆架泥质沉积物, 其下段(A2段, 29.79~13.35 m)是在冰后期海侵直至全新世中期(约6 ka BP(14C测定))海平面达到最高这段时间内形成的, 而上段(A1段, 13.35~0 m)则是在冰后期海侵达到最高海平面之后伴随着黄海暖流的形成而出现的冷涡环境中沉积的. 笔者对YSDP103孔0~29.79 m岩心开展了详细的岩石磁学研究, 结果表明, 钻孔岩心的磁性组分主要是磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿, 除了最上部2.35 m外, 其磁性矿物遭受了还原成岩作用, 磁性矿物的含量和低矫顽力组分的比例都显著降低. 铁磁性硫化物(胶黄铁矿)存在于A2段, 但在A1段缺失, 表明了海洋环境条件对磁性矿物成岩过程的控制. 磁学参数在A1和A2段的界线处发生突变, 反映了环境条件和原始磁性组分的差异对成岩作用的共同影响. 在A2段磁学参数的高、低值层段交替出现, 可能反映在A2段沉积期间进入沉积区的碎屑磁性矿物在含量的多、少和/或粒度的粗、细上出现周期性变化.  相似文献   

长白山自然保护区历史森林景观的初步重建   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

常禹  李月辉  胡远满  徐崇刚 《第四纪研究》2003,23(3):309-317

本文在对环境因子(包括年均温、年降水量、海拔高度、坡度和坡向)进行空间表达的基础上,建立了长白山自然保护区当前森林景观垂直带(包括阔叶红松林、云冷杉林、岳桦林和苔原)与这些环境因子间的逻辑斯蒂回归模型,然后利用1997年各环境因子的空间数字面来反推1975年森林景观带的空间分布,并根据1975年MSS遥感影像计算机监督分类的结果,用Kappa指数对模型预测结果进行验证。结果表明,苔原、岳桦林、云冷杉林和阔叶红松林1975年的预测分布面积分别为7243.83hm2、6517.08hm2、125570.16hm2和34264.80hm2,与遥感分类结果相比,苔原和云冷杉林的面积分别减少了29.04%和3.05%;岳桦林和阔叶红松林的面积分别增加了246.45%和8.6%。用逻辑斯蒂回归模型可以较好地预测苔原在保护区内的分布范围,同时在一定程度上也能预测阔叶红松林的分布范围,但是对岳桦林和云冷杉林分布范围的预测结果较差。尽管如此,作为一种方法性的探讨,本文可以为森林景观空间分布和环境因子变化的关系以及森林景观对气候变化的反应研究提供一种新思路。  相似文献