Assessing CPT-based methods for liquefaction evaluation with emphasis on the cases from the Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake     

C. Hsein Juang  Haiming Yuan  Der-Her Lee  Chih-Sheng Ku 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(3)

In the early morning (1:47 Taiwan time) of September 21, 1999, the largest earthquake of the century in Taiwan (M_w=7.6, M_L=7.3) struck this island country. The earthquake killed more than 2400 people and caused great destruction to buildings, bridges, dams, highways, and railways. One of the causes for heavy damages to the structures is soil liquefaction and ground settlement during the earthquake. In this paper, investigation of soil liquefaction and case histories of liquefaction are presented. Three CPT-based simplified methods, the Robertson method, the Olsen method, and the Juang method, are examined using the case histories derived from the Chi-Chi earthquake. The results of the comparison show that the Juang method is more accurate than the two methods in predicting liquefaction potential of soils based on the cases derived from the Chi-Chi earthquake, although all three methods are quite comparable in accuracy.  相似文献   

Professor Berřich Šalamon     

Karel Ku chař 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1960,4(3):310-311

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Brunhes time scales and the interpretation of climatic change     

M.A. Kominz  G.R. Heath  T.-L. Ku  N.G. Pisias 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1979,45(2):394-410

Two new δ¹⁸O time scales have been developed for the Brunhes Epoch using equatorial Pacific core V28-238. The first is based on a constant accumulation rate of aluminum, an assumption which has been shown to be acceptable for the last 360,000 years of the record by comparison with ²³⁰Th ages determined via the continuous strip-sample technique. The aluminum scale yields an age of 138,000 years for termination II and 693,000 years for the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal. Spectral and cross spectral analysis of the δ¹⁸O records of V28-238 and a detailed composite Indian Ocean record, using the aluminum time scale as well as two earlier time scales, indicates that the Pleistocene climate has been forced by periodic fluctuations of the earth's obliquity and precession. Based on this result, the second new time scale (TWEAQ) has been derived by tuning the δ¹⁸O record of V28-238 to the record of the earth's obliquity. TWEAQ yields an age of 127,000 years for termination II and 728,000 years for the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal. Spectral analysis of the δ¹⁸O record dated by TWEAQ indicates that 30% of the variance of the ice volume record can be ascribed to linear forcing by the earth's orbital parameters, but the trend of the data is consistent with a stochastic model.  相似文献   

Beglaubigung der Dimension astronomisch-geodätischer Netze der ČSSR und Udssr aus Messungen mit dem Geodimeter NASM-2A     

Karel Kučera  Rezensent B. Delong 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1973,17(4):290-294

Summary A method is described, based on the calculus of observations, of testing the transferring of a length dimension by means of invar wires from the national standard via the geodetic comparative base to field geodetic bases, assuming that some of them have been measured electrooptically. The method is demonstrated on Czechoslovak and Soviet bases. In both cases the transfer of the length was proved to be successful. It was also found that, as regards the accuracy, it is immaterial whether the given base is measured electro-optically as a whole or in parts.  相似文献   

Landslide databases in the Geological Surveys of Europe     

Gerardo Herrera  Rosa María Mateos  Juan Carlos García-Davalillo  Gilles Grandjean  Eleftheria Poyiadji  Raluca Maftei  Tatiana-Constantina Filipciuc  Mateja Jemec Auflič  Jernej Jež  Laszlo Podolszki  Alessandro Trigila  Carla Iadanza  Hugo Raetzo  Arben Kociu  Maria Przyłucka  Marcin Kułak  Michael Sheehy  Xavier M. Pellicer  Charise McKeown  Graham Ryan  Veronika Kopačková  Michaela Frei  Dirk Kuhn  Reginald L. Hermanns  Niki Koulermou  Colby A. Smith  Mats Engdahl  Pere Buxó  Marta Gonzalez  Claire Dashwood  Helen Reeves  Francesca Cigna  Pavel Liščák  Peter Pauditš  Vidas Mikulėnas  Vedad Demir  Margus Raha  Lídia Quental  Cvjetko Sandić  Balazs Fusi  Odd Are Jensen 《Landslides》2018,15(2):359-379

Landslides are one of the most widespread geohazards in Europe, producing significant social and economic impacts. Rapid population growth in urban areas throughout many countries in Europe and extreme climatic scenarios can considerably increase landslide risk in the near future. Variability exists between European countries in both the statutory treatment of landslide risk and the use of official assessment guidelines. This suggests that a European Landslides Directive that provides a common legal framework for dealing with landslides is necessary. With this long-term goal in mind, this work analyzes the landslide databases from the Geological Surveys of Europe focusing on their interoperability and completeness. The same landslide classification could be used for the 849,543 landslide records from the Geological Surveys, from which 36% are slides, 10% are falls, 20% are flows, 11% are complex slides, and 24% either remain unclassified or correspond to another typology. Most of them are mapped with the same symbol at a scale of 1:25,000 or greater, providing the necessary information to elaborate European-scale susceptibility maps for each landslide type. A landslide density map was produced for the available records from the Geological Surveys (LANDEN map) showing, for the first time, 210,544 km² landslide-prone areas and 23,681 administrative areas where the Geological Surveys from Europe have recorded landslides. The comparison of this map with the European landslide susceptibility map (ELSUS 1000 v1) is successful for most of the territory (69.7%) showing certain variability between countries. This comparison also permitted the identification of 0.98 Mkm² (28.9%) of landslide-susceptible areas without records from the Geological Surveys, which have been used to evaluate the landslide database completeness. The estimated completeness of the landslide databases (LDBs) from the Geological Surveys is 17%, varying between 1 and 55%. This variability is due to the different landslide strategies adopted by each country. In some of them, landslide mapping is systematic; others only record damaging landslides, whereas in others, landslide maps are only available for certain regions or local areas. Moreover, in most of the countries, LDBs from the Geological Surveys co-exist with others owned by a variety of public institutions producing LDBs at variable scales and formats. Hence, a greater coordination effort should be made by all the institutions working in landslide mapping to increase data integration and harmonization.  相似文献   

测绘地理信息专业群人才培养模式和课程体系的研究探讨     

阎波杰  吴文英  林岭  王库  朱高龙  张建霞  刘友文 《测绘与空间地理信息》2018,(8):21-22,27

介绍了整合地理信息科学、测绘工程、导航工程等核心专业构建的测绘地理信息专业群概况,从专业群建设的角度研究探讨了测绘地理信息专业群人才培养模式和课程体系,该研究结果可为测绘地理信息专业的学科发展、人才培养、教学管理等提供参考。  相似文献   

Nano-Geology and Unconventional Oil and Gas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JU Yiwen  LU Shuangfang  SUN Yan  TAN Fengqi  WANG Guochang  HAN Ku  BAO Yuan  LI Qingguang 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(Z1):192-193

<正>Numerous Striking achievements have been made in micro and macro geology after the development for hundreds of years.Two trends branches of geology are divided into microcosmic nano-geology and macroeconomic astrono-geology with the enormous technology progress.The unique characteristics related to the nano-particles and nano-pores may be significant for  相似文献   

Investigation of array-derived rotation in TAIPEI 101     

Chin-Jen Lin  Wen-Gee Huang  Han-Pang Huang  Bor-Shouh Huang  Chin-Shang Ku  Chun-Chi Liu 《Journal of Seismology》2012,16(4):721-731

We investigate rotational motions derived from measurements by arrays of translational seismometers??hereafter called array-derived rotations (ADRs)??and compare these to measurements made by a commercially available point rotation sensor (eentec? R-1?). We focus on two aspects of the array problem: (1) the requisite conditions for calculating an ADR well and (2) the effect of array configuration on the result. Our data set consists of translational accelerations and rotation rates recorded by an array of Kinemetrics? EpiSensor? accelerometers and two R-1? rotational sensors in the TAIPEI 101 building in Taipei, Taiwan. Our results indicate that (1) array configuration affects the accuracy of ADRs about orthogonal components in horizontal plane, (2) coherence between two point rotation measurements (two R-1?) can determine the maximum frequency of translations viably used for the calculating ADRs, and (3) the performance of the R-1? is adequate, at least above a frequency of 0.12?Hz (periods shorter than 8?s). We also discuss deriving strain from the same array.  相似文献   

Pollution Source Investigation and Water Quality Management in the Carp Lake Watershed,Taiwan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chia‐Hsien Yen  Ku‐Fan Chen  Yih‐Terng Sheu  Chi‐Chwen Lin  Jao‐Jia Horng 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(1):24-33

In this study, a full survey of pollutant sources and water quality was conducted, followed by the application of a water quality model (Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program, WASP) to establish strategies of water quality control in Carp Lake, Taiwan. Results of the field investigation show that both point and non‐point source (NPS) pollutants were responsible for the poor water quality. The contributions of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from point source and NPS pollution were 45.9 and 55.1%, respectively. About 80% of total phosphorus (TP) were contributed by NPS. Additionally, point source and NPS pollution discharged 55.5 and 44.5% of NH₃–N load, respectively. The Carlson's Trophic State Index ranged from 61.9 to 69.2 showing serious eutrophic problems in Carp Lake. The calculated BOD, NH₃–N, and TP carrying capacity were approximately 2.8, 0.42, and 0.15 kg per day, respectively. However, the current pollutant loadings are approximately 3.0–5.5 times the calculated carrying capacity. With the help of the calibrated WASP model, remedial strategies for the lake water from short‐term to long‐term were developed. The completion of the small local sewer system to remove 80% of the point source pollution can serve as a short‐term goal while 40–60% of NPS removal by natural treatment systems may serve as a mid‐term goal. Furthermore, 80% of both source point and NPS pollution removal can be considered as a long‐term strategy. Results of heavy metal analysis show that the enriched sediment would be safe for agricultural applications.  相似文献   

北京石花洞石笋500年来的δ￣（13）C记录与古气候变化及大气CO2浓度变化的关系   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

李红春  顾德隆  Lowell D. Stott  袁道先  陈文寄  李铁英 《中国岩溶》1997,16(4):285-295

通过对采自北京石花洞石笋近５００年来分辨率为３～５年的δ１３Ｃ记录的研究,我们发现水动力条件的改变和近代大气ＣＯ２浓度的改变均对石笋的δ１３Ｃ值有影响,当气候湿润,降雨量增加时,洞穴包气带水的下渗速度加快,在石灰岩裂隙中滞留的时间缩短,ＣａＣＯ３的溶解量减少,造成渗出δ１３Ｃ水的值变轻。包气带水的补给速度增加,也可能使得溶液的ＣＯ２分压降低,造成石灰岩ＣａＣＯ３溶解减少。另外,洞内滴水和渗出水中ＣＯ２的逸出量与供水速度呈反比。滴水速度加快,ＣＯ２逸出量相对降低,沉淀出来的ＣａＣＯ３的δ１３Ｃ值偏轻。通过与δ１８Ｏ记录的对比,δ１３Ｃ记录也反映３０～４０年降雨量变化的周期,为这一地区夏风变化的规律提供佐证。近５０年来的δ１３Ｃ记录,反映了人类活动造成大气ＣＯ２浓度升高的现象。从１９４０年到现今,石笋的δ１３Ｃ值从－６．７‰降低到－８．１‰,降低速率每年为－０．０２８‰,直接反映了这一时期大气ＣＯ２的δ１３Ｃ值的变化。这一结果与其它研究相吻合。利用精细的、分辨率高达几年的δ１３Ｃ记录可以为岩溶作用与碳循环的研究提供有效手段。   相似文献