Fluvial sediment transport and deposition following the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shannon K. Hayes  David R. Montgomery  Christopher G. Newhall 《Geomorphology》2002,45(3-4)

The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo generated extreme sediment yields from watersheds heavily impacted by pyroclastic flows. Bedload sampling in the Pasig–Potrero River, one of the most heavily impacted rivers, revealed negligible critical shear stress and very high transport rates that reflected an essentially unlimited sediment supply and the enhanced mobility of particles moving over a smooth, fine-grained bed. Dimensionless bedload transport rates in the Pasig–Potrero River differed substantially from those previously reported for rivers in temperate regions for the same dimensionless shear stress, but were similar to rates identified in rivers on other volcanoes and ephemeral streams in arid environments. The similarity between volcanically disturbed and arid rivers appears to arise from the lack of an armored bed surface due to very high relative sediment supply; in arid rivers, this is attributed to a flashy hydrograph, whereas volcanically disturbed rivers lack armoring due to sustained high rates of sediment delivery. This work suggests that the increases in sediment supply accompanying massive disturbance induce morphologic and hydrologic changes that temporarily enhance transport efficiency until the watershed recovers and sediment supply is reduced.  相似文献   

福建省海岸基岩节理的分形性质及其与宏观断裂系的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘晓曼  王建  朱敏  柏春广  朱晓华 《地理与地理信息科学》2003,19(6):101-103,111

该文以福建省福州市海岸基岩为例，通过野外实地勘测与室内分析相结合的研究方法，探讨了海岸基岩节理的分形性质及其与福建省宏观断裂系的相互关系。得到的基本结论为：第一，研究区节理与宏观断裂系的分形性质是客观存在的；第二，研究区节理与宏观断裂系在方向上存在着一定的响应关系；第三，研究区10^-2～10^-1m尺度的节理与福建省10^3～10^4m尺寸的断裂系存在一定的相似性。  相似文献   

不同浓度Li2SO4水溶液结构的X射线衍射研究          下载免费PDF全文

房艳  房春晖  高世扬 《盐湖研究》2003,11(2)

用θ～ 2θ型粉末衍射仪反射法精确测量了不同浓度的Li2 SO4水溶液的衍射数据 ,通过数据处理给出了溶液的结构函数和径向分布函数 ,由几何结构模型的最小二乘法精修 ,得到了溶液中阳离子和阴离子第一、二水合层的结构参数。  相似文献   

我国天然锌铜金属互化物的发现和特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙燕  肖渊甫  王奖臻  温春齐  陆彦 《矿物岩石》2003,23(1):11-14

锌、铜金属互化物是罕见的天然合金矿物，由锌、铜两种元素组成。由于形成条件、环境不同及矿物中锌、铜元素含量不同，形成系列锌、铜金属互化物。经过对我国近二十年来发现的各类型天然锌、铜金属互化物产出的地质特征，物理、化学及光学性质进行的系统研究发现，目前我国在不同的地质体中出现多种不同类型的锌、铜金属互化物，该类矿物主要形成于高温、还原且缺硫的条件下，多数与造岩矿物共生，而与多数金属硫化物形成条件不同。  相似文献   

焉耆盆地侏罗系低渗透储层敏感性评价   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3  

李永林  杨道庆  田纳新  杨春红  马玉春  李峰 《矿物岩石》2003,23(1):77-80

焉耆盆地侏罗系具近物源沉积特点，储层成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低，粘土矿物含量高，物性较差，属低渗透储层。“五敏”实验结果表明，储层均表现为强水敏特征，物性相对较好的储层还表现出强盐敏和中等偏弱速敏、碱敏等敏感性特征，盐酸对储层具有一定程度的改善，并进一步探讨钻探施工过程中油层保护的措施及应用效果。  相似文献   

中国大陆科学钻探钻探子工程钻进实时记录网页的开发     

邵春  张晓西  杨凯华  张培丰 《探矿工程》2003,30(2):56-59

以中国大陆科学钻探实时记录网页的开发为例，介绍了在开发网络数据库时，利用Excel组件作输入界面，实现查询界面上表格的表头和表尾不动、而中间行可以滚动，实现回次滚动查询和界面实时刷新。  相似文献   

基于GIS技术的矿产资源信息系统   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8  

蔡洪春  张春明  姜绍飞  陈为公  寇大明 《地质与资源》2003,12(2):111-114

地质资料基本上可以分为空间数据和属性数据两大类.它们是地学数据不可分割的两方面,客观上要求统一进行管理.采用地理信息系统技术,可以彻底解决两种类型数据统一管理问题.结合正在开展的辽宁省矿产资源勘查、开发与利用规划工作,论述了建立基于GIS技术的辽宁矿产资源信息系统实现数据可视化和空间模型分析的思路和实现方法.它为今后矿产资源管理工作实现全面科学化管理提供了现代化手段,也为制定行业发展规划以及进行生产决策提供了支持,进而促进地质找矿和矿产开发的工作部署朝思维可视化及思路多样化的方向发展.  相似文献   

Flow and fracture maps for basaltic rock deformation at high temperatures     

Valentina Rocchi  Peter R. Sammonds  Christopher R.J. Kilburn   《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,120(1-2):25-42

Understanding how the strength of basaltic rock varies with the extrinsic conditions of stress state, pressure and temperature, and the intrinsic rock physical properties is fundamental to understanding the dynamics of volcanic systems. In particular it is essential to understand how rock strength at high temperatures is limited by fracture. We have collated and analysed laboratory data for basaltic rocks from over 500 rock deformation experiments and plotted these on principal stress failure maps. We have fitted an empirical flow law (Norton’s law) and a theoretical fracture criterion to these data. The principal stress failure map is a graphical representation of ductile and brittle experimental data together with flow and fracture envelopes under varying strain rate, temperature and pressure. We have used these maps to re-interpret the ductile–brittle transition in basaltic rocks at high temperatures and show, conceptually, how these failure maps can be applied to volcanic systems, using lava flows as an example.  相似文献   

西昆仑北缘新元古代片麻状花岗岩锆石SHRIMP年龄及其意义   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

张传林  杨淳  沈加林  王爱国  赵宇  董永观  郭坤一 《地质论评》2003,49(3):239-244

在西昆仑北缘早前寒武纪变质地层中,笔者等识别出大量不同时代的片麻状花岗岩,其中包括新元古代片麻状花岗岩。获得最新的新元古代片麻状花岗岩的单颗粒锆石SHRIMP年龄为815±57Ma,片麻状花岗岩的岩石学特征反映它们形成于裂解构造背景,结合对区域上新元古代地层及中元古代末期构造事件的研究,笔者认为新元古代片麻状花岗岩反映了古塔里木板块作为Rodinia超大陆一员发生裂解的时间,这对研究古塔里木板块在Rodinia超大陆中的位置及中国Rodinia超大陆裂解的研究提供了重要的地质依据。  相似文献   

Short‐term erosion rates from a 7Be inventory balance     

Christopher G. Wilson  Gerald Matisoff  Peter J. Whiting 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(9):967-977

Detailed soil erosion studies bene?t from the ability to quantify the magnitude of erosion over time scales appropriate to the process. An inventory balance for ⁷Be was used to calculate sediment erosion in a 30·73 m² plot during a series of runoff‐producing thunderstorms occurring over three days at the Deep Loess Research Station in Treynor, Iowa, USA. The inventory balance included determination of the pre‐ and post‐storm ⁷Be inventories in the soil, the atmospheric in?ux of ⁷Be during the event, and pro?les of the ⁷Be activity in the soil following the atmospheric deposition. The erosion calculated in the plot using the ⁷Be inventory balance was 0·058 g cm^?2, which is 23 per cent of the annual average erosion determined using ¹³⁷Cs inventories. The calculated erosion from the mass balance is similar to the 0·059 g cm^?2 of erosion estimated from the amount of sediment collected at the outlet of the 6 ha ?eld during the study period and the delivery ratio (0·64). The inventory balance of ⁷Be provides a new means for evaluating soil erosion over the time period most relevant to quantifying the prediction of erosion from runoff. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献