Invisible carers: young people in Zimbabwe's home-based healthcare   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Elsbeth Robson 《Area》2000,32(1):59-69

Summary Women and young people are disproportionately burdened by the restructuring of healthcare services. Home-based healthcare provision by children in Zimbabwe is investigated through qualitative interviews with young carers and key informants. The study suggests that young people (especially girls) become carers according to varied personal and household factors in the context of the AIDS pandemic, macro-economic decline and ESAP-weakened formal health services.  相似文献   

Organic carbon deliveries and their flow related dynamics in the Fitzroy estuary     

Ford P  Tillman P  Robson B  Webster IT 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(1-4):119-127

The Fitzroy estuary (Queensland, Australia) receives large, but highly episodic, river flows from a catchment (144,000 km(2)) which has undergone major land clearing. Large quantities of suspended sediments, and particulate and dissolved organic carbon are delivered. At peak flows, delta(13)C (-21.7+/-0.8 per thousand) and C/N (14.8+/-1.3) of the suspended solids indicate that the particulate organic material entering the estuary is principally soil organic carbon. At the lower beginning flows the particulate organic matter comes from in-stream producers (delta(13)C=-26 per thousand). The DOC load is about 10 times the POC load. Using the inverse method, budgets for POC and DOC were constructed for high and low flows. Under high flows, only a small portion of the POC and DOC load is lost in the estuary. Under dry season (low flow) conditions the estuary is a sink for DOC, but remains a source of POC to the coastal waters.  相似文献   

Submillimeter observations of the asteroid 10 hygiea     

L.A. Lebofsky  M.V. Sykes  I.G. Nolt  J.V. Radostitz  G.J. Veeder  D.L. Matson  P.A.R. Ade  M.J. Griffin  W.K. Gear  E.I. Robson 《Icarus》1985,63(2):192-200

We report the first successful ground-based observations of any asteroid at submillimeter wave-lengths. Observations of the asteroid 10 Hygiea at 370 and 770 μm are combined with observations in the near and thermal infrared (2.2, 10.6, and 21 μm) to study the thermal properties of Hygiea's regolith. The “standard” (nonrotating) thermal model is consistent with the entire data set, although a rotating thermophysical model with a “lunarlike” thermal inertia cannot be ruled out.  相似文献   

Observations of flat-spectrum radio sources at λ850 μm from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope – I. 1997 April to 2000 April     

E.I. Robson  J.A. Stevens  T. Jenness 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,327(3):751-770

Calibrated data for 65 flat-spectrum extragalactic radio sources are presented at a wavelength of 850 μm, covering a three-year period from 1997 April. The data, obtained from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope using the SCUBA camera in pointing mode, were analysed using an automated pipeline process based on the Observatory Reduction and Acquisition Control–Data Reduction ( orac–dr ) system. This paper describes the techniques used to analyse and calibrate the data, and presents the data base of results along with a representative sample of the better-sampled light curves.  相似文献   

Geoelectrical mapping of contamination in the cemeteries: the case study in Piracicaba,São Paulo/Brazil     

Robson Willians da Costa Silva  Walter Malagutti Filho 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(5):1371-1383

This paper presents the results of electrical resistivity methods in the area delineation that was potentially contaminated by liquefaction products, which are also called putrefactive liquids in Vila Rezende municipal cemetery, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. The results indicate a depth of water table between 3.1 and 5.1 m, with two groundwater direction flows, one to the SW and another to the SE. Due to the contamination plumes, which have the same groundwater direction flow, as well the conductive anomalies observed in the geoelectric sections, the contamination suspicions in the area were confirmed. The probable plume to the SE extends beyond the limits of the cemetery. The location of the conductive anomalies and the probable contamination plumes showed that the contamination is linked with the depth of the water table and the burial time. Mapping using the geostatistical method of ordinary kriging applied to the work drew structural characteristics of the regional phenomenon and spatial behavior of the electrical resistivity data, resulting in continued surfaces. Thus, this method has proved to be an important tool for mapping contamination plumes in cemeteries.  相似文献   

Biodegradation of starch blended polyvinyl chloride films by isolated Phanerochaete chrysosporium PV1     

M. I. Ali  S. Ahmed  I. Javed  N. Ali  N. Atiq  A. Hameed  G. Robson 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(2):339-348

The accumulation of plastics in the environment is raising great concerns with respect to long-term environmental, economic and waste management problems. The aim of the present research was to investigate the biodegradability of starch blended polyvinyl chloride films in soil burial and controlled laboratory experiments using selective fungal isolates. Clear surface aberrations as color change and minor disintegration in polyvinyl chloride films were observed after 90 days and later confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. The fungal strains showing prominent growth and adherence on plastic films were isolated. One of the strains showing maximum activity was selected and identified as Phanerochaete chrysosporium PV1 by rDNA sequencing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicated considerable structural changes and transformation in films in terms of appearance of new peaks at 3,077 cm^?1 (corresponding to alkenes) and decrease in intensity of peaks at 2,911 cm^?1 (C–H stretching). It was supported with a significant decrease in the molecular weight of polymer film from 80,275 to 78,866 Da (treated) through Gel permeation chromatography in shake flask experiment. Moreover, the biodegradation of starch blended polyvinyl chloride films was confirmed through release of higher CO₂ (7.85 g/l) compared to control (2.32 g/l) in respirometric method. So fungal strain P. chrysosporium PV1 has great potential for use in bioremediation of plastic waste.  相似文献   

A method for distinguishing the females and late copepodites of three species of Boeckella     

Colleen D. Jamieson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):153-156

Consistent differences in the morphology of the last metasomal segment and genital segment were found among adult female Boeckella triarticulata, B. dilatata, and B. hamata. These differences are taxonomically useful in collections where males are sparse. Distinguishing features used to classify CIII‐CV B. triarticulata, B. dilatata, and B. hamata of co‐occurring populations to species are also described. The diagnostic features of both adult female and copepodites may be used at low magnifications.  相似文献   

Mitigating systematic error in topographic models for geomorphic change detection: accuracy,precision and considerations beyond off-nadir imagery     

Mike R. James  Gilles Antoniazza  Stuart Robson  Stuart N. Lane 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(10):2251-2271

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and structure-from-motion photogrammetry enable detailed quantification of geomorphic change. However, rigorous precision-based change detection can be compromised by survey accuracy problems producing systematic topographic error (e.g. ‘doming’), with error magnitudes greatly exceeding precision estimates. Here, we assess survey sensitivity to systematic error, directly correcting topographic data so that error magnitudes align more closely with precision estimates. By simulating conventional grid-style photogrammetric aerial surveys, we quantify the underlying relationships between survey accuracy, camera model parameters, camera inclination, tie point matching precision and topographic relief, and demonstrate a relative insensitivity to image overlap. We show that a current doming-mitigation strategy of using a gently inclined (<15°) camera can reduce accuracy by promoting a previously unconsidered correlation between decentring camera lens distortion parameters and the radial terms known to be responsible for systematic topographic error. This issue is particularly relevant for the wide-angle cameras often integrated into current-generation, accessible UAV systems, frequently used in geomorphic research. Such systems usually perform on-board image pre-processing, including applying generic lens distortion corrections, that subsequently alter parameter interrelationships in photogrammetric processing (e.g. partially correcting radial distortion, which increases the relative importance of decentring distortion in output images). Surveys from two proglacial forefields (Arolla region, Switzerland) showed that results from lower-relief topography with a 10°-inclined camera developed vertical systematic doming errors > 0·3 m, representing accuracy issues an order of magnitude greater than precision-based error estimates. For higher-relief topography, and for nadir-imaging surveys of the lower-relief topography, systematic error was < 0·09 m. Modelling and subtracting the systematic error directly from the topographic data successfully reduced error magnitudes to values consistent with twice the estimated precision. Thus, topographic correction can provide a more robust approach to uncertainty-based detection of event-scale geomorphic change than designing surveys with small off-nadir camera inclinations and, furthermore, can substantially reduce ground control requirements. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd  相似文献