藏西北革吉县雄巴乡场镇冻土灾害特征及防治措施     

唐华  徐琳  格桑平措  达娃  男达瓦  张显虎  李宁  刘大明  索朗多吉 《中国地质调查》2022,9(2):100-109

近年来,藏西北革吉县雄巴乡场镇内的冻土灾害日趋严重,研究该区冻土灾害的特征、成因及危害,对制定相应的防灾减灾政策具有重要意义.从基本特征、成因条件、风险性及防治措施等方面对雄巴乡场镇的冻土灾害开展了综合研究,认为加剧该区冻土灾害的主要原因是全球气候变暖导致的降雨量增加和气温升高,使场镇内透水性差、不均匀分布的土体含水率...  相似文献   

Chemo- and Biostratigraphy of the Jurassic Oil Shales from the Qiangtang Basin, Northern Tibet, China: A Case Study of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event     

CHEN Lan  XU Guiwen  DA Xuejuan  YI Haisheng  ZHU Zhangxiong  HUANG Zhaohui  LI Xiaogang 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(2):630-643

The marine oil shales of the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet, exposed in the Biluo Co, Tuonamu, Shenglihe and Changsheshan areas are believed to be important petroleum source rocks. This work comprehensively analyzed the carbon isotopes, trace elements, and calcareous nannofosills, ammonites and bivalves of the Biluo Co section in the Qiangtang Basin. The organic carbon isotopes show a positive excursion close to 2.17‰(relative to PDB), which, albeit significantly smaller, may also be associated with other Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Events(T-OAE) in the European epicontinental seas and the Tethyan continental margins. Coinciding with the Early Toarcian transgression, the oxygen deficiency in bottom water had led to dysoxic-anoxic conditions and deposition of black shales lacking benthic fauna. Under such condition, the redox-sensitive trace metals such as Mo, V, Ni, Cr, and U were enriched, in conjunction with high planktonic productivity of Watznaueriaceae calcareous nannofossils. Comparison of the results with the records of chemo-and biostratigraphy, as well as the palaeogeography during the Early Jurassic suggests that the anoxia linked to the Early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event was mainly caused by the high surface water temperature, sea-level rise and an increase of surface water productivity.  相似文献   

Analytical models for velocity distributions in compound channels with emerged and submerged vegetated floodplains     

Mingwu Zhang  Chunbo Jiang  Heqing Huang  Gerald Charles Nanson  Zhengbing Chen  Wenyi Yao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2017,27(4):577-588

The lateral distributions of depth-averaged velocity in open compound channels with emerged and submerged vegetated floodplains were analyzed based on the analytical solution of the depth-integrated Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation with a term to account for the effects of vegetation. The three cases considered for open channels were two-stage rectangular channel with emerged vegetated floodplain, rectangular channel with submerged vegetated corner, and two-stage rectangular channel with submerged vegetated floodplain, respectively. To predict the depth-averaged velocity with submerged vegetated floodplains, we proposed a new method based on a two-layer approach where flow above and through the vegetation layer was described separately. Moreover, further experiments in the two-stage rectangular channel with submerged vegetated floodplain were carried out to verify the results. The analytical solutions of the cases indicated that the corresponding analytical depth-averaged velocity distributions agree well with the simulated and experimental prediction. The analytical solutions of the cases with theoretical foundation and without programming calculation were reasonable and applicable, which were more convenient than numerical simulations. The analytical solutions provided a way for future researches to solve the problems of submerged vegetation and discontinuous phenomenon of depth-averaged velocity at the stage point for compound channels. Understanding the hydraulics of flow in compound channels with vegetated floodplains is very important for supporting the management of fluvial processes.  相似文献   

Influence of vegetation on runoff and sediment in wind-water erosion crisscross region in the upper Yellow River of China     

Jinhua Wang  Zhanbin Li  Wenyi Yao  Guotao Dong 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2017,27(4):569-576

All characteristics of vegetation,runoff and sediment from 1960 to 2010 in the Xiliu Gully Watershed,which is a representative watershed in wind-water erosion crisscross region in the upper reaches of the Yellow River of China,have been analyzed in this study.Based on the remote sensing image data,and used multi-spectral interpretation method,the characteristics of vegetation variation in the Xiliu Gully Watershed have been analyzed.And the rules of precipitation,runoff and sediment's changes have been illuminated by using mathematical statistics method.What′s more,the influence mechanism of vegetation on runoff and sediment has been discussed by using the data obtained from artificial rainfall simulation test.The results showed that the main vegetation type was given priority to low coverage,and the area of the low vegetation coverage type was reducing year by year.On the country,the area of the high vegetation coverage type was gradually increasing.In a word,vegetation conditions had got better improved since 2000 when the watershed management project started.The average annual precipitation of the river basin also got slightly increase in 2000–2010.The average annual runoff reduced by 37.5%,and the average annual sediment reduced by 73.9% in the same period.The results of artificial rainfall simulation tests showed that the improvement of vegetation coverage could increase not only soil infiltration but also vegetation evapotranspiration,and then made the rainfall-induced runoff production decrease.Vegetation root system could increases the resistance ability of soil to erosion,and vegetation aboveground part could reduce raindrop kinetic energy and splash soil erosion.Therefore,with the increase of vegetation coverage,the rainfall-induced sediment could decrease.  相似文献   

龙羊峡、刘家峡水库运用对黄河上游水沙关系的调控机制          下载免费PDF全文

姚文艺  侯素珍  丁赟 《水科学进展》2017,28(1):1-13

依据龙羊峡、刘家峡水库进出库水沙定位观测资料,根据河流动力学原理,分析了水库运用对径流泥沙过程的调节作用及其影响,揭示了水库对其下游河道水沙关系的调控机制。结果表明:①大型水库运用对进、出库径流泥沙的调节作用与水库的运用方式有关,多年调节的龙羊峡水库对径流为线性调控,对泥沙为非线性调控,而不完全年调节的刘家峡水库对径流、泥沙均为线性调控;②水库运用对其下游河道水沙关系具有很强的干扰作用,主要是打破了天然条件下河道通过长期自动调整所形成的输沙规律,改变了挟沙水流的本构关系;③大型水库运用对水沙关系动力学机制的影响主要归因于重新调整了挟沙水流的平衡条件,使洪水传播过程中切应力降低,临界弗劳德数增大,改变了相对平衡输沙状态,挟沙水流则需通过淤积增大比降,满足临界弗劳德数状态下的水流切应力要求,重新实现挟沙水流的平稳状态,从而致使水沙关系发生相应变化。  相似文献   

上海市地脉动观测及其在场地卓越周期测试中的应用     

翟永梅  李文艺  蒋通 《地震研究》2004,27(3):277-282

主要介绍了利用地脉动观测点地表处水平和竖向分量频谱幅值比(H／V)来估算场地卓越周期的方法,以及地脉动观测在场地地震安全性评价中的应用,并给出了上海市浦东及浦西多个测点的实测计算结果。  相似文献   

甘青川交界地震强化监视区地壳形变跟踪监测与研究     

陈兵  王双绪  江在森  刘文义  祝意青  张四新 《地震地磁观测与研究》2004,25(6):13-16

1　区域构造简况与地震活动状况监视区位于东经99°～106°,北纬33°～35.5°范围的甘肃东南部至甘肃、青海、四川3省交界地区。主要包括甘肃省的夏河、康乐、漳县、碌曲、临潭、宕昌、岷县、玛曲、迭部、舟曲、天水、武都、礼县等地和青海省的甘德、河南、玛沁、久治、同德以及四川省的若尔盖和南坪(九寨沟)等地,呈北西西向多边形展布。属于南北地震带的中北部,区内存在多组具有孕震意义的活动构造。其北部是北西西向展布的西秦岭北缘断裂带,中部有北西向岷县—临潭断裂,而南部则是北西向的库玛断裂带(库赛湖—玛曲断裂)的东南段等等。是历…  相似文献   

Facies and palaeosol analysis in a progradational distributive fluvial system from the Campanian–Maastrichtian Bauru Group,Brazil     

Alessandro Batezelli  Francisco Sergio Bernardes Ladeira  Diego Luciano do Nascimento  Mrcio Luiz DA Silva 《Sedimentology》2019,66(2):699-735

The Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group in south‐east Brazil consists of alluvial strata whose characteristics and distribution indicate a fluvial system developed in a semi‐arid to arid climate. Sections exposed within a 90 000 km² study area in Minas Gerais State (in south‐eastern Brazil) were evaluated using facies and palaeosol analysis to formulate depositional and pedogenic models that may account for geomorphic and climate features. From east to west, the study succession records a gradual decrease in grain size, an increase in the width/thickness ratio in channels, a decrease in the lateral and vertical connectivity of channel deposits, and an increase in overbank deposits. The fluvial architecture indicates a braided channel belt, ephemeral ribbon–channels, and an unconfined fluvial facies from east to west in the study area. The lateral and vertical distribution of facies, stratigraphic architecture and palaeocurrent data suggest proximal, medial and distal portions of a progradational distributive fluvial system. The sedimentary dynamics were marked by the building and abandonment of channels related to processes of aggradation, vegetation growth and palaeosol generation. Macromorphological and micromorphological analyses have identified pedological and mineralogical features that indicate an arid to semi‐arid climate with a provenance from the north‐eastern part of the basin (Alto Paranaiba Uplift). From the proximal to the distal portions of the distributive fluvial system, the palaeosol development is different. In the proximal portion, the palaeosols are absent or poorly developed, allowing a possible general comparison with the present soil order: Inceptisols and Aridisols. In the medial portion of the fluvial system, the palaeosols are well‐developed and characterized by Bt, Btk, C and Ck horizons (Alfisols, Aridisols, Inceptisols and Entisols). Poorly drained to well‐drained palaeosols from the base to the top in the distal plain (Aridisols and Inceptisols) are associated with geomorphic and hydromorphic changes in the fluvial system due to progradational evolution. The genetic relationship between the fluvial architecture and the palaeosols enhances the understanding that the sedimentation and pedogenesis that occurs in different portions of the distributive fluvial system are related to the tectonic and climatic evolution of the basin.  相似文献   

Geological and mineral deposit maps of the Arab World     

ALAN S. COLLINSON  MICHAEL J. DA VIES  PETER IBBOTSON 《Geology Today》1987,3(5):133-135

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小秦岭南缘活动剪切带与金矿关系     

梁文艺 《地球科学与环境学报》1994,(3)

本文论证了小秦岭金矿受华北地台南缘活动剪切带长期演化、有序叠加构造的控制，并提出了新的成矿模式．  相似文献