Die Feldspate des Granites von Eisenkappel (Kärnten) und seines Randporphyres     

Wolfram Richter 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1966,11(3-4):439-458

Zusammenfassung Der Eisenkappeler Granit und sein Randporphyr wurden mineralogisch und petrographisch untersucht. Der Randporphyr und auch Übergangszonen zum Kerngranit zeigen eine Ummantelung der Alkalifeldspate mit Plagioklas-Rapakivi Textur. Genaue analytische Untersuchungen an, Alkalifeldspateinkristallen und den dazugehörigen Plagioklashüllen (bzw. den in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft befindlichen Plagioklasen bei Proben des Kerngranits) ergaben folgende Einzelheiten: Die Alkalifeldspate sind Mikroklinperthite mit einer durchschnittlichen Triklinität von =0,50. Der Ab-Gehalt ist hoch (Kerngranit um Ab=31%, Randporphyr um Ab=38%), ebenso der An-Gehalt (durchschnittlich 3,5%). Die Plagioklase sind Oligoklase (Kerngranit um An=28%, Randporphyr um An=22%) mit einem extrem hohen Or-Gehalt (Or=4,2% bis 7,0%) und teilweise antiperthitisch entmischt. Die Zusammensetzung der Feldspate läßt auf relativ hohe Bildungstemperaturen und entsprechend niedrige Wasserdampfdrucke schließen. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse und die Entstehung der Rapakivi Textur werden diskutiert.

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Summary The granite of Eisenkappel and its marginal porphyry (Carinthia) have been investigated. The latter as well as gradations toward the central granite have alkalifeldspars manteled with plagioclase (rapakivi texture). The phenocrysts of the alkalifeldspars and their plagioclase rims and the phenocrysts of alkalifeldspar and neighbouring plagioclases in case of the central granite show the following attitudes: The alkalifeldspar are microcline perthites with an abliquity =0,50; From the central granite to the marginal porphyry the Abcontent of the alkalifeldspar increases from Ab=31–38 wight percent. The An-content is 3,5%. The An-content of the plagioclase drops in the same direction (An=28–22%). They exhibit a high Or-content (Or=4,2–7%) which is partly unmixed to antiperthite. The composition of the feldspars reflects a rather high temperature of formation and corresponding low water vapor pressure. The results and the origin of the rapakivi texture are discussed.

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Mit 6 Textabbildungen

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Herrn Prof. Dr.H. Leitmeier zum 80. Geburistag gewidmet.  相似文献   

Wave-trains in the solar wind     

Arne K. Richter 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1975,36(2):383-405

Applying an Alfvén-Wave-Extended-QRH-approximation and the method of characteristics, we solve the equations of motion for outwardly propagating Alfvén waves analytically for three different cases of an azimuthal dependence of the background solar wind, (a) for a pure fast-slow stream configuration, (b) for the situation where the high-speed stream originates from a diverging magnetic field region, and (c) for the case of (b) and an initially decreasing density configuration (‘coronal hole’). The reaction of these waves on the background state as well as mode-mode coupling effects are neglected. These three solar wind models are discussed shortly. For the superimposed Alfvén waves we find, on an average, that there is a strong azimuthal dependence of all relevant wave parameters which, correlated with the azimuthal distributions of the solar wind variables, leads to good agreements with observations. The signature of high-speed streams and these correlations could clearly indicate solar wind streams originating from ‘coronal holes’. Contrary to the purely radial dependent solar wind, where outwardly propagating Alfvén waves are exclusively refracted towards the radial direction, we now find a refraction nearly perpendicular to the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field in the compression region and closely towards the magnetic field direction down the trailing edge and in the low-speed regime.  相似文献   

A search for energetic neutrons emitted during solar flares     

R. R. Daniel  G. S. Gokhale  G. Joseph  P. J. Lavakare  B. S. Sekhon 《Solar physics》1969,10(2):465-471

On the basis of solar flare forecasts, balloon flights were made from Hyderabad, India (vertical geomagnetic threshold rigidity of 16.9 GV), to detect the possible emission of high energy neutrons during solar flares. The detector comprised of a central plastic scintillator, completely surrounded by an anticoincidence plastic scintillator shield. The instrument responds to neutrons of about 15–150 MeV and gamma rays of about 5–30 MeV with about the same efficiency. The detector was flown to an atmospheric depth of 25 g cm^-2 on February 26, 1969; while the balloon was at ceiling a flare of importance 2B and one of 1N occurred. No perceptible flare associated increase in the counting rate was observed. Using the observed counting rates, an upper limit of 1.2 × 10^-2 neutrons cm^-2 sec^-1 is obtained for the first time for a flare of importance 2B for neutrons of energy 15–150 MeV. The corresponding upper limit for gamma rays of energy 5–30 MeV is found to be 10^-2 photons cm^-2 sec^-1. The neutron flux limits are compared with the recent calculations of Lingenfelter.  相似文献   

La raie rouge de l'oxygene dans la lumiere du ciel nocturne     

Daniel Barbier 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1960,4(4):350-360

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Palaeomagnetism of Upper Precambrian rocks of the La Tinta Formation, Argentina     

Daniel A. Valencio  Ana M. Sinito  Juan F. Vilas 《Geophysical Journal International》1980,62(3):563-575

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The energy spectrum of cosmic ray electrons between 10 and 1000 GeV     

K. C. Anand  R. R. Daniel  S. A. Stephens 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1975,36(1):169-175

Measurements made by the Bombay Group on the fluxes of cosmic ray electrons in the energy range 10–1000 GeV have been compared with those of other workers in the same energy domain with a view to understand the present confused situation on the existing observations at these high energies. Such an analysis clearly brings out the current situation in its true perspective and highlights the care and emphasis to be placed on future experimentation in this important field.  相似文献   

Transit or occultation?     

Daniel M. Popper 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1976,45(2):391-396

Published discussions of photometric observations of VZ Hya and CM Lac disagree as to whether the deeper eclipses are transits or occultations. The evolutionary histories of these systems are critically dependent on a resolution of the disagreement. The luminosity ratio of the components of VZ Hya, inferred from spectrograms, shows unequivocally that the deeper eclipse is a transit. The case of CM Lac is less definitive. While the photometric observations favor primary minimum as a transit, the ratio of the radii is close to unity, and neither the spectrograms nor the photometry leads to an unequivocal result. Some confusion in notation appearing in a discussion of the components of EI Cep is noted. In each of the three cases the observational evidence favors a straightforward evolutionary interpretation in which the more massive star is the larger.  相似文献   

Correlating fracture trends and hydraulic head using semivariogram cloud analysis     

Kurtzman D  Nativ R  Adar EM 《Ground water》2005,43(2):250-258

Fracture trends (defined as kilometer-scale linear features interpolated between field observations of fractures along their strikes) often have a dominant orientation. Finding a correlation between this orientation and hydraulic data could shed light on their hydraulic influence. A significant correlation between head residuals from first-order regional drift and the orientation of 2- to 4-km-long fracture trends was found in a study site in the Negev, Israel, using the semivariogram cloud analysis. Correlation of head residuals rather than the head itself implies that the orientation of the fracture trends controls the anisotropy and heterogeneity at this scale, mainly because the fracture trends define the orientation of blocks, which differ in their hydraulic properties. Preferential transmissive pathways are probably shorter than the full extent of the fracture trends, causing a relatively high head difference along the trends on the 2- to 4-km scale. Fracture trend density and additional data from short-range hydraulic tests helped characterize two blocks separated by a fault zone. The identification of hydraulic features on a kilometer scale is necessary for better modeling of regional ground water flow and transport. Hydraulic tests at this scale are not feasible, thereby rendering combined analyses of head and structural data, such as the one presented here, essential.  相似文献   

Compositional effects on element partitioning between Mg-silicate perovskite and silicate melts     

Christian?LiebskeEmail author  Alexandre?Corgne  Daniel?J.?Frost  David?C.?Rubie  Bernard?J.?Wood 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2005,149(1):113-128

High-pressure melting experiments were performed at ~26 GPa and ~2,200–2,400°C on synthetic peridotite compositions with varying FeO and Al₂O₃ contents and on a synthetic CI chondrite analogue composition. Peridotite liquids show a crystallisation sequence of ferropericlase (Fp) followed down temperature by Mg-silicate perovskite (MgPv) + Fp, which contrasts a sequence of MgPv followed by MgPv + Fp observed in the chondritic composition. The difference in crystallisation sequence is a consequence of the different bulk Mg/Si ratios. MgPv/melt partition coefficients for major, minor and trace elements were determined by electron microprobe and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Partition coefficients of tri- and tetravalent elements increase with increasing Al concentration in MgPv. A lattice strain model indicates that Al³⁺ substitutes predominantly onto the Si-site in MgPv, whereas most elements substitute onto the Mg-site, which is consistent with a charge-compensating coupled substitution mechanism. MgPv/melt partition coefficients for Mg (D_Mg) and Si (D_Si) are related to the melt Mg/Si ratio such that D_Si becomes lower than D_Mg at low Mg/Si melt ratios. We use a crystal fractionation model, based on upper mantle refractory lithophile element ratios, to constrain the amount of MgPv and Ca-silicate perovskite (CaPv) that could have fractionated during a Hadean magma ocean event and could still be present as a chemically distinct heterogeneity in the lower mantle today. We show that a fractionated crystal pile composed of 96% MgPv and 4% CaPv could comprise up to 13 wt% of the entire mantle.  相似文献   

A Widebinary Solar Companion as a Possible Origin of Sedna-like Objects     

John J. Matese  Daniel P. Whitmire  Jack J. Lissauer 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2005,97(3-4):459-470

Sedna is the first inner Oort cloud object to be discovered. Its dynamical origin remains unclear, and a possible mechanism is considered here. We investigate the parameter space of a hypothetical solar companion which could adiabatically detach the perihelion of a Neptune-dominated TNO with a Sedna-like semimajor axis. Demanding that the TNO’s maximum value of osculating perihelion exceed Sedna’s observed value of 76 AU, we find that the companion’s mass and orbital parameters (m _c , a _c , q _c , Q _c , i _c ) are restricted to $$m_c>rapprox 5\hskip.25em\hbox{M}_{\rm J}\left(\frac{Q_c}{7850\hbox{ AU}} \frac{q_c}{7850\hbox{ AU}}\right)^{3/2}$$ during the epoch of strongest perturbations. The ecliptic inclination of the companion should be in the range $45{\deg}\lessapprox i_c\lessapprox 135{\deg}$ if the TNO is to retain a small inclination while its perihelion is increased. We also consider the circumstances where the minimum value of osculating perihelion would pass the object to the dynamical dominance of Saturn and Jupiter, if allowed. It has previously been argued that an overpopulated band of outer Oort cloud comets with an anomalous distribution of orbital elements could be produced by a solar companion with present parameter values $$m_c\approx 5\hskip.25em\hbox{M}_{\rm J}\left(\frac{9000\hbox{ AU}}{a_c}\right)^{1/2}.$$ If the same hypothetical object is responsible for both observations, then it is likely recorded in the IRAS and possibly the 2MASS databases.  相似文献