First directional archaeomagnetic results from Syria: evidence from Tell Mishrifeh/Qatna     

Fabio Speranza  Lara Maritan  Claudio Mazzoli  Daniele Morandi Bonacossi  Francesca D'Ajello Caracciolo 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,165(1):47-52

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The distribution of daily snow water equivalent in the central Italian Alps     

Daniele Bocchiola  Renzo Rosso 《Advances in water resources》2007

The statistical distribution of the daily Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) is investigated for a network of gauging stations in the Alpine part of Lombardia region, in the central Italian Alps. An event based data analysis is carried out using a 14 year long data set dating back to 1989. SWE is estimated when the new snow depth is greater than 6 cm. The SWE sample average in time is shown to be related to physiographic attributes of the gauging area, thus not being homogeneous in space. The values of SWE scaled by their average, or index value, instead show well approximated homogeneity of the second order moment, or coefficient of variation, in space. This suggests the use of a regional approach for frequency estimation of SWE. The frequency of occurrence of the normalized values of SWE is evaluated and tentatively accommodated by four probability distributions, often adopted in statistical modeling of hydrological variables. The Lognormal distribution shows the best performance. Single site distribution fitting is then carried out using the regional distribution, providing satisfactory results.  相似文献   

Review of Microgravity Observations at Mt. Etna: A Powerful Tool to Monitor and Study Active Volcanoes     

Daniele Carbone  Filippo Greco 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(4):769-790

Microgravity observations at Mt. Etna have been routinely performed as both discrete (since 1986) and continuous (since 1998) measurements. In addition to describing the methodology for acquiring and reducing gravity data from Mt. Etna, this paper provides a collection of case studies aimed at demonstrating the potential of microgravity to investigate the plumbing system of an active volcano and detect forerunners to paroxysmal volcanic events. For discrete gravity measurements, results from 1994–1996 and 2001 are reported. During the first period, the observed gravity changes are interpreted within the framework of the Strombolian activity which occurred from the summit craters. Gravity changes observed during the first nine months of 2001 are directly related to subsurface mass redistributions which preceded, accompanied and followed the July-August 2001 flank eruption of Mt. Etna. Two continuous gravity records are discussed: a 16-month (October 1998 to February 2000) sequence and a 48-hour (26–28 October, 2002) sequence, both from a station within a few kilometers of the volcano's summit. The 16-month record may be the longest continuous gravity sequence ever acquired at a station very close to the summit zone of an active volcano. By cross analyzing it with contemporaneous discrete observations along a summit profile of stations, both the geometry of a buried source and its time evolution can be investigated. The shorter continuous sequence encompasses the onset of an eruption from a location only 1.5 km from the gravity station. This gravity record is useful for establishing constraints on the characteristics of the intrusive mechanism leading to the eruption. In particular, the observed gravity anomaly indicates that the magma intrusion occurred “passively” within a fracture system opened by external forces.  相似文献   

Alert system to mitigate tephra fallout hazards at Mt. Etna Volcano,Italy     

Salvatore Alparone  Daniele Andronico  Tiziana Sgroi  Ferruccio Ferrari  Luigi Lodato  Danilo Reitano 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(3):333-350

Volcanic eruptions may create a wide range of risks in inhabited areas and, as a consequence, major economic damage to the surrounding territory. An example of volcanic hazard was given between 1998 and 2001 by Mt. Etna volcano, in Italy, with its frequent paroxysmal explosive activity that caused more than a hundred fire-fountain episodes. In the period January–June 2000, in particular, 64 lava fountains took place at the Southeast Crater. During the most intense explosive phase of each episode, a sustained column often formed, reaching up to 6 km above the eruptive vent. Then, the column started to expand laterally causing more or less copious tephra fallout on the slopes of Etna; ash and lapilli, therefore, constituted a serious danger for vehicular and air traffic. A software and hardware warning system was developed to mitigate the volcanic hazard indicating the areas affected by potential ash and lapilli fallout. The alert system was mainly based on the good correspondence between the pattern of volcanic tremor amplitude and the evolution of explosive activity. When a fixed tremor threshold was exceeded, a semiautomatic process started to send faxes to Civil Defence and Municipalities directly affected by tephra fallout, together with information on wind directions from the Meteorological Office. The application of this methodology, during the last 14 eruptive episodes in 2000 and the 14 events occurred in 2001, demonstrated the good correspondence between the forecasts on the areas affected by tephra fallout and the effective tephra distribution on land. Despite the integrity of the performance provided by the alert system, small discrepancies occurred in the technical procedure of alerting, for which possible solutions have been discussed. The improvement of this type of system, could become basic for the Etnean region and be proposed for similar volcanic areas throughout the world.  相似文献   

On the existence of three-dimensional hydrostatic and magnetostatic equilibria of self-gravitating fluid bodies     

Daniele Galli 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,359(3):1083-1095

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Deep Ground-Water Investigation by Combined VES/MTS Methods Near Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Van  Ngoc Pham  Daniele Boyer  Thi Kim Thoa Nguyen  Van  Giang Nguyen 《Ground water》1994,32(4):675-682

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Measuring and understanding global human settlements patterns and processes: innovation,progress and application     

Ehrlich Daniele  Balk Deborah  Richard Sliuzas 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(1):2-8

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The occurrence of the genus Tanousia Servain (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae) in the Middle Pleistocene Piànico-Sèllere Basin (Bergamo, Northern Italy)     

Daniela Esu  Daniele Gianolla   《Quaternary International》2008,190(1):4

The occurrence of the freshwater genus Tanousia Servain 1881 (Hydrobiidae) in the Middle Pleistocene lacustrine succession of the Piànico-Sèllere Basin (Bergamo, Northern Italy) represents a significant biostratigraphical discovery. The Tanousia were recovered from the basal part of the carbonate varved bed (BVC), in siltysandy slump sediments, and from the lower and middle parts of the La Palazzina Member (MLP) of the Piànico formation. The BVC unit, in which a dated tephra layer occurs, accumulated during an interglacial phase, as shown by pollen analyses. The MLP Tanousia-bearing layers have been laid down during cool–temperate climate oscillation. The Piànico population of Tanousia displays great morphological variability but is similar to T. runtoniana (Sandberger, 1880), T. stenostoma (Nordmann, 1901) and T. cf. T. stenostoma (Nordmann, 1901), from the Bavelian and Cromerian interglacial deposits of late Early and early Middle Pleistocene age in Northern Europe. As for these species, the Tanousia population from Piànico appears to indicate fluvial conditions under a fully temperate climate.  相似文献   

A statistical characterization of the Galileo-to-GPS inter-system bias     

Ciro Gioia  Daniele Borio 《Journal of Geodesy》2016,90(11):1279-1291

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Combined discrete and continuous gravity observations at Mount Etna     

Daniele Carbone  Gennaro Budetta  Filippo Greco  Hazel Rymer 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,123(1-2):123

Systematic investigation of discrete gravity measurements has continued at Mount Etna since 1986. The network now covers an area of 400 km² with about 70 stations 0.5–3 km apart. Mass redistributions occurring at depths ranging between about 8 km below sea level and a few hundred metres below the surface (magma level changes within the shallower parts of the feeding conduits) have been identified from these data. Conventional (discrete) microgravity monitoring on a network of stations furnishes only instantaneous states of the mass distribution at continuously active systems. In order to obtain information on the rate at which the volcanic processes (and thus mass transfers) occur, three stations for continuously recording gravity where installed on Mount Etna in 1998. A 16-month long sequence from one of the continuously running stations (PDN, located 2 km from the active northeast crater at the summit of Etna volcano) is presented. After removing the effects of Earth Tide and tilt, the correlation of the residual gravity sequence with simultaneous recordings of meteorological parameters acquired at the same station was analysed. Once the meteorological effects have also been removed, continuous gravity changes are within 10 μGal of gravity changes measured using conventional microgravity observations at sites very close to the continuous station. This example shows how discrete and continuous gravity observations can be used together at active volcanoes to get a fuller and more accurate picture of the spatial and temporal characteristics of volcanic processes.  相似文献