Internal and external validation of vulnerability indices: a case study of the Multivariate Nursing Home Vulnerability Index     

Wilson  Matthew  Lane  Sandi  Mohan  Raghuveer  Sugg  Margaret 《Natural Hazards》2020,100(3):1013-1036

Natural Hazards - As the frequency of natural disasters increases, there has been an emphasis on vulnerability index creation studies. In this study, we test the validity of vulnerability indices...  相似文献   

Effects of iron limitation on intracellular cadmium of cultured phytoplankton: Implications for surface dissolved cadmium to phosphate ratios     

Erin S. Lane  David M. Semeniuk  Robert F. Strzepek  Jay T. Cullen  Maria T. Maldonado   《Marine Chemistry》2009,115(3-4):155-162

This study compares intracellular Cd content (Cd:C) of cultured marine phytoplankton grown under various Fe levels, with estimated particulate Cd:P ratios derived from regression slopes of Cd versus PO₄³⁻ relationships from a global dataset. A 66-fold difference in Cd:C ratios was observed among the seven species grown under identical Fe concentrations, with oceanic diatoms having the highest Cd quotas and prymesiophytes the lowest. Interestingly, all species significantly increased their Cd:C ratios under Fe-limitation (on average 2-fold). The global data set also showed that the mean estimated Cd:P ratio of surface water particulates in HNLC (high nutrient low chlorophyll) regions were approximately 2-fold higher than non-HNLC regions. A sequence of events are proposed to explain high Cd:P ratios in HNLC waters. First, the seasonal relief from Fe-limitation in HNLC regions leads to blooms of large chain forming diatoms with high intrinsic Cd:P ratios. These large blooms may, in theory, deplete surface water CO₂ and Zn concentrations, which ultimately, would result in increased Cd uptake. Eventually these blooms will run out of Fe, which has been shown to further increase intercellular Cd via growth biodilution and increased Cd uptake through non-specific Fe(II) transporters. Ultimately, Fe-limited diatoms with enhanced Cd quotas will sink out of surface waters leading to pronounced regional differences in Cd:P ratios between HNLC and non-HNLC waters in the global ocean.  相似文献   

A knowledge-based system framework for environmental perception in a subsea robotics context     

Russell  G. Lane  D. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1986,11(3):401-412

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An analytical treatment of resonance effects on satellite orbits     

Mark T. Lane 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1987,42(1-4):3-38

A first order analytical approximation of the tesseral harmonic resonance perturbations of the Keplerian elements is presented, and the mean elements (the Keplerian elements with the long period portions averaged out) will also be given in closed form. Finally the results of a numerical test, which compares the analytical solution against a numerical integration of the Lagrange equations of motion, will be summarized.This work was sponsored with the support of the Department of the Air Force under contract F19628-85-C-0002.The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government.  相似文献   

Short Period Spectral Discriminants for Explosions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

William H. Bakun  Lane R. Johnson 《Geophysical Journal International》1971,22(2):139-152

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The Deconvolution of Teleseismic P Waves from Explosions MILROW and CANNIKIN   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

William H. Bakun  Lane R. Johnson 《Geophysical Journal International》1973,34(3):321-342

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Vertical cross contamination of trichloroethylene in a borehole in fractured sandstone   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sterling SN  Parker BL  Cherry JA  Williams JH  Lane JW  Haeni FP 《Ground water》2005,43(4):557-573

Boreholes drilled through contaminated zones in fractured rock create the potential for vertical movement of contaminated ground water between fractures. The usual assumption is that purging eliminates cross contamination; however, the results of a field study conducted in a trichloroethylene (TCE) plume in fractured sandstone with a mean matrix porosity of 13% demonstrates that matrix-diffusion effects can be strong and persistent. A deep borehole was drilled to 110 m below ground surface (mbgs) near a shallow bedrock well containing high TCE concentrations. The borehole was cored continuously to collect closely spaced samples of rock for analysis of TCE concentrations. Geophysical logging and flowmetering were conducted in the open borehole, and a removable multilevel monitoring system was installed to provide hydraulic-head and ground water samples from discrete fracture zones. The borehole was later reamed to complete a well screened from 89 to 100 mbgs; persistent TCE concentrations at this depth ranged from 2100 to 33,000 microg/L. Rock-core analyses, combined with the other types of borehole information, show that nearly all of this deep contamination was due to the lingering effects of the downward flow of dissolved TCE from shallower depths during the few days of open-hole conditions that existed prior to installation of the multilevel system. This study demonstrates that transfer of contaminant mass to the matrix by diffusion can cause severe cross contamination effects in sedimentary rocks, but these effects generally are not identified from information normally obtained in fractured-rock investigations, resulting in potential misinterpretation of site conditions.  相似文献   

Synergistic effects of water repellency and macropore flow on the hydraulic conductivity of a burned forest soil,south‐east Australia     

Petter Nyman  Gary Sheridan  Patrick N. J. Lane 《水文研究》2010,24(20):2871-2887

Research shows that water repellency is a key hydraulic property that results in reduced infiltration rates in burned soils. However, more work is required in order to link the hydrological behaviour of water repellent soils to observed runoff responses at the plot and hillslope scale. This study used 5 M ethanol and water in disc infiltrometers to quantify the role of macropore flow and water repellency on spatial and temporal infiltration patterns in a burned soil at plot (<10 m²) scale in a wet eucalypt forest in south‐east Australia. In the first summer and winter after wildfire, an average of 70% and 60%, respectively, of the plot area was water repellent and did not contribute to infiltration. Macropores (r > 0·5 mm), comprising just 5·5% of the soil volume, contributed to 70% and 95%, respectively, of the field‐saturated and ponded hydraulic conductivity (K_p). Because flow occurred almost entirely via macropores in non‐repellent areas, this meant that less than 2·5% of the soil surface effectively contributed to infiltration. The hydraulic conductivity increased by a factor of up to 2·5 as the hydraulic head increased from 0 to 5 mm. Due to the synergistic effect of macropore flow and water repellency, the coefficient of variation (CV) in K_p was three times higher in the water‐repellent soil (CV = 175%) than under the simulated non‐repellent conditions (CV = 66%). The high spatial variability in K_p would act to reduce the effective infiltration rate during runoff generation at plot scale. Ponding, which tend to increase with increasing scale, activates flow through macropores and would raise the effective infiltration rates at larger scales. Field experiments designed to provide representative measurements of infiltration after fire in these systems must therefore consider both the inherent variability in hydraulic conductivity and the variability in infiltration caused by interactions between surface runoff and hydraulic conductivity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The occurrence of distal Icelandic and Italian tephra in the Lateglacial of Lake Bled,Slovenia     

Christine S. Lane  Maja Andrič  Victoria L. Cullen  Simon P.E. Blockley 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(9-10):1013-1018

The discovery of sites preserving tephra layers from multiple volcanic centres is key to constructing a single European tephrostratigraphic framework for the Late Quaternary. Until now, the tephrostratigraphy of Europe has been divided into two halves: sites in the North Atlantic and northern Europe regions link the Icelandic, Eifel, and the Massif Central volcanic histories; whilst sites in southern Europe record the sequence of tephra layers produced by circum-Mediterranean volcanic provinces. The missing link, able to tie together these two halves, is found in the tephrostratigraphic record of Lake Bled, Slovenia.Lake Bled, in the Julian Alps, Slovenia, holds a high resolution multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental archive for the Lateglacial of south-central Europe. Cryptotephra investigations have revealed three tephra layers: two closely spaced within Younger Dryas stadial sediments and one shortly after the start of the Bølling-Allerød interstadial warming. Two of the tephra layers (Bld_T120 and Bld_T240) are of Campanian origin and are correlated to deposits of the Pomici Principali (PP) and Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) eruptions, respectively. The third layer (Bld_T122) correlates to the Icelandic Vedde Ash (VA), extending the known fallout of this widespread marker layer farther to the southeast.The Lake Bled record also allows the stratigraphic relationship and relative ages of the VA and the PP eruption to be discerned for the first time. Whilst existing numerical age estimates for these two deposits are indistinguishable within errors, their close occurrence in the same lacustrine sediment sequence shows that the VA was erupted shortly prior to the PP eruption.The tephrostratigraphy of Lake Bled developed here helps us to tie together regional volcanic stratigraphies into a broader, continental-scale lattice of sites, with the potential to allow the transfer of dates between remote sequences and the construction of relative chronologies, beneficial in particular for environmental and archaeological research.  相似文献   

Estimating tsunami run-up     

G. M. Smart  K. H. M. Crowley  E. M. Lane 《Natural Hazards》2016,80(3):1933-1947

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