An Assembly Coastal Building Technique in Port Engineering     

陈育民  刘汉龙  陈泽  高玉峰 《中国海洋工程》2009,23(2):379-386

The assembly coastal hfilding technique initiated at home and abroad,is for a novel vertical standing harbor structure.Its main concept is the assembling components which can be combined and locked together to form a large caisson.Its application and future are discussed for a building.After many years of application and tests,the technique has a high stability,a wide range of application,low workload and fast construction speed.It can be widely applied in future for harbor engineering projects.  相似文献   

潜江凹陷北部潜江组油气分布不均一性及控制因素     

吴娟  叶加仁  康建云  梅加洛 《地质科技情报》2012,(6):141-146

通过对潜江凹陷北部潜江组已探明石油储量构成和分布特征的系统分析,总结出油气分布的不均一性及其控制因素。潜江凹陷北部潜江组不同层位、不同区带油气分布差异性明显,具有纵向分隔、横向分散等显著特征。油气的不均一性分布主要受控于3种地质因素:①膏盐韵律发育导致油气纵向分隔,膏盐岩极高的排驱压力有效地限制了流体的垂向运移,油气以侧向运移为主;②成熟烃源岩控制油气富集程度,油气纵向富集程度主要受成熟烃源岩层位的控制,蚌湖向斜带主力生烃灶控制了油气在平面上的富集;③输导条件控制油气的运移方式和纵横向分布范围,高渗砂体的侧向输导能力控制了断层不发育地区油气聚集的规模与平面分布范围,断层的垂向输导作用导致了主干断层发育地区油气在纵向上呈多层系分布。  相似文献   

Performance of D-bolts Under Static Loading   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Charlie?C.?LiEmail author 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2012,45(2):183-192

D-bolt is a type of energy-absorbing rock bolt. It is made of a smooth steel bar with anchors spaced along the bolt length. A typical section between adjacent anchors is approximately 1-m long, but it can be adjusted to adapt to the rock conditions. The bolt is fully encapsulated with either cement or resin grout in a borehole. The anchors are firmly fixed into the grout, while the smooth bolt sections can freely deform to absorb deformation energy. Full-scale static pull tests were carried out at different testing facilities in two laboratories. The tests show that a smooth bolt section between anchors may elongate by 110–167 mm depending on the section length. Field trials of the D-bolt were conducted in deep metal mines. The measurements showed that the D-bolts were equally loaded within every anchor-between section, avoiding load peaks and premature bolt failure due to stress concentrations caused by fracture/joint opening. The field trials of rebar and D-bolts in a largely deformed mine tunnel showed that the D-bolts behaved satisfactorily, with only a few failed bolts, while a number of the rebar bolts failed at the thread.  相似文献   

Isotopic evidence for interaction between Öræfajökull mantle and the Eastern Rift Zone,Iceland     

Christina?J.?ManningEmail author  Matthew?F.?Thirlwall 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2014,167(1):959

The off-rift central volcano of Öræfajökull has very distinctive EM1-like isotopic compositions compared with other Icelandic lavas. New Pb–Nd–Sr isotopic data from Öræfajökull show strong correlations interpreted as a result of mixing. End-members are a depleted mantle source incorporating 0.5 % subduction-processed sediment and a mantle source with an isotopic signature similar to lavas of the Reykjanes Peninsula. Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic correlations of Icelandic Eastern Rift Zone (ERZ) lavas are almost completely distinct from those of the Reykjanes Peninsula and the Western Rift Zone (WRZ) and require a high-²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, low-¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd end-member that resembles Öræfajökull compositions, which is very distinct from the enriched end-members suggested for the Reykjanes Peninsula and the WRZ. Given the similar depth and degree of melting at rift zones, variation in the observed enriched end-members between rift zones must indicate spatial variations in enriched mantle sources within the shallow mantle under Iceland rather than purely mixing of melts from a bi-lithological mantle. This is consistent with observations that the ERZ lavas erupted closest to Öræfajökull exhibit the most Öræfajökull-like isotopic compositions, implying that a homogenised Öræfajökull source with positive ?²⁰⁷Pb is focused under the Öræfajökull centre and its associated flank zone. This then mixes laterally with the dominant negative-?²⁰⁷Pb ERZ mantle source. Like Reykjanes Peninsula and WRZ lavas, the ERZ mantle source has strongly negative Δ²⁰⁷Pb and low K/Nb (<170), and these provide evidence for a recycled oceanic crust contribution. The range in ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb in mantle sources with negative Δ²⁰⁷Pb was probably generated by heterogeneity in ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and μ in the recycled oceanic crust, which is the dominant source of incompatible elements in Icelandic lavas.  相似文献   

Growth of magnesio-aluminate spinel in thin-film geometry: in situ monitoring using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and thermodynamic model     

L.?C.?G?tzeEmail author  R.?Abart  R.?Milke  S.?Schorr  I.?Zizak  R.?Dohmen  R.?Wirth 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2014,41(9):681-693

Polycrystalline spinel layers were grown experimentally at the contacts between single-crystal corundum substrates and initially amorphous, then polycrystalline MgO thin films. The growth behavior of the spinel layers was monitored in situ using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The change in the integrated intensity of the 111 spinel Bragg peak was correlated with the thickness of the layer as determined from ex situ TEM characterization of the run products. At \(900\,^{\circ }\hbox {C},\) a transition from linear growth, corresponding to interface reaction control, to parabolic growth, corresponding to diffusion control, occurred at a layer thickness of less than 10 nm. At 1,000 \(^{\circ }\hbox {C},\) growth was largely linear up to a layer thickness in excess of 300 nm. A thermodynamic model was applied to extract the kinetic parameters characterizing interface motion and long-range diffusion from this growth behavior.  相似文献   

Geochemical constraints on the genesis of the Sarıcakaya intrusive rocks,Turkey: Late Paleozoic crustal melting in the central Sakarya Zone     

Y. Kibici  N. İlbeyli  A. Yıldız  M. Bagˇcı 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2010,70(3):243-256

The Sakarya Zone is intruded by several Late Paleozoic granitoids, of which the Sar?cakaya intrusive rocks in the central Sakarya (Eski?ehir) region, is the least-studied. The Sar?cakaya intrusive rocks consist mainly of quartz diorite-granodiorite, granodiorite and granite. They are, geochemically, divided into two groups: diorites and granites. The former is medium-K and calc-alkaline (mainly I-type), whereas the latter is high-K to shoshonite and calcic (I-type). Typical minerals for both rock types are plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, biotite, hornblende and Fe–Ti oxides. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the Sar?cakaya intrusive rocks are moderately fractionated and have small negative Eu anomalies. They are enriched in LILE and LREE relative to HFSE showing characteristics of arc-related granitoids. Geochemical characteristics of the Sar?cakaya intrusive rocks indicate a hybrid origin through partial melting of lower crustal source rocks.  相似文献   

Seasonal and annual variability of days with strong winds and wind damage in Krakow (Poland) during the period 2000�C2007     

Joanna Wi?c?aw-Michniewska  Katarzyna Piotrowicz 《Natural Hazards》2011,59(2):949-965

The study analyses the numbers of days with strong winds in Krakow during the period 2000?C2007 using anemometric records and fire department data. Patterns are identified in the seasonal and annual variation of strong winds. Particular attention is devoted to extreme events. Based on measurements, the study finds that strong winds mostly occurred in winter. Fire department call-out data show that repair of damage caused by strong winds and gusts of wind was needed equally as frequently in summertime. Strong winds accompanying summer storms are often of a local nature and are not always recorded by weather stations. Wind damage was mapped using requests for fire department assistance.  相似文献   

Line-broadening effects in the powder infrared spectrum of apatite     

Etienne Balan  Simon Delattre  Damien Roche  Loïc Segalen  Guillaume Morin  Maxime Guillaumet  Marc Blanchard  Michele Lazzeri  Christian Brouder  Ekhard K. H. Salje 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2011,38(2):111-122

The crystallinity of natural and synthetic apatite samples is often determined from the broadening of ν ₄ PO₄ infrared absorption bands. However, various physical mechanisms contribute to the observed linewidth. In the present study, the factors determining the linewidth in the powder spectrum of synthetic fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite samples are investigated. The temperature dependence of the infrared spectrum (10–270 K) is used to assess the respective contributions of homogeneous broadening, related to the decay of phonons through anharmonic coupling, and heterogeneous broadening related to elastic strain and macroscopic electrostatic effects. This latter contribution is dominant in the investigated samples and depends on the shape of powder particles. It is discussed under the light of the theoretical modeling of the low-frequency dielectric properties of apatite based on first-principles density functional theory calculations. The linewidth of the weak ν ₁ PO₄ absorption band provides a reliable information on microscopic sources of broadening, i.e., apatite crystallinity. In comparison, the other more intense PO₄ bands are more sensitive to long-range electrostatic effects.  相似文献   

黔北铝土矿不同类型矿石地球化学特征及其对成矿作用的指示     

张莹华  凌文黎  吴慧  张亚男  丁晓英  崔滔  杜远生  雷志远  翁申富 《地质科技情报》2013,(1):71-79

黔北务川-正安-道真铝土矿带是我国铝土矿重要的成矿带之一。矿床中发育有4种典型的矿石类型:致密状、碎屑状、豆鲕状和土状。通过对不同类型矿石及矿体下伏高Al黏土岩和志留系韩家店组泥质岩的系统元素地球化学研究,采用元素质量平衡的示踪方法,对矿床的成因进行了探讨。研究表明,成矿作用发生于开阔海岸环境、与多频次海进-海退循环对陆缘古风化剖面的侵蚀作用有关;海进-还原过程导致了古风化剖面中部大量黄铁矿等硫化物的形成,而随后的海退-氧化过程产生高硫酸介质水溶液,使得杂质元素大量移出和铝土矿化发生;强酸溶液带出的大量元素随环境向pH值中性化和氧逸度下降条件的演化,以化学沉淀形式形成了杂质元素含量相对较高的致密状矿石,而海进-海退循环对碎屑状-豆鲕状矿石的多期次改造,导致了土状矿石的形成。  相似文献   

黔北务正道地区铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

汪小妹  焦养泉  杜远生  周琦  崔滔  计波  雷志远  翁申富  金中国  熊星 《地质科技情报》2013,(1):27-33

选取新模向斜的一个钻孔剖面,对铝土矿的矿物组成及稀土元素地球化学特征进行了研究。铝土矿矿石矿物以一水硬铝石为主,另有少量一水软铝石。其次为高岭石、绿泥石等黏土矿物,以及少量重矿物。此外,在含矿岩系近底部还发现有富集Ce元素的矿物氟菱钙铈矿[Ce2Ca(CO3)3F2]。从剖面顶部至底部,铝土矿中稀土元素含量呈逐渐增加的趋势,且稀土元素参数LaN/YbN、LaN/SmN和GdN/YbN的数值均随深度逐渐增大。说明从剖面顶部至底部,稀土元素的淋滤迁出逐渐减弱,且稀土元素间存在一定的分异。稀土元素间的分异可能由不同的含稀土元素矿物抗风化淋滤差异所致。铝土矿稀土元素配分模式表现为LREE明显富集、MREE中等-弱富集、HREE相对平坦的特征,且具有明显的正Ce异常。δCe异常值随深度增加逐渐减小,接近含矿岩系底部,δCe异常值再次增大。含矿岩系上部的Ce异常是由氧化条件下Ce3+向Ce4+转变并形成方铈矿(CeO2)所致。随着深度的增加,含矿岩系的氧化性逐渐减弱,从而δCe异常值逐渐减小。接近含矿岩系底部,由于氟菱钙铈矿[Ce2Ca(CO3)3F2]的形成,导致δCe异常值再次增大。氟菱钙铈矿的沉淀可通过氟化物络合物(CeF2+或CeCO3F0)与Ca2+和HCO3-发生反应来完成。  相似文献