Pressure–temperature evolution of the late Hercynian Calabria continental crust: compatibility with post‐collisional extensional tectonics     

Alfredo Caggianelli  Domenico Liotta  Giacomo Prosser  Giorgio Ranalli 《地学学报》2007,19(6):502-514

The late Hercynian tectonic evolution of the Calabria crust is characterized by peak metamorphic conditions up to 800 °C and 1000 MPa, and coeval mid‐crustal granitoid emplacement at 304–300 Ma. To check if a post‐collisional extensional framework, similar to that of other Hercynian massifs, can explain petrologic data, we model the pressure–temperature evolution of the crust during extension following granitoid emplacement. Model parameters are constrained by petrologic, geochemical and structural data. Computed P–T paths are characterized by nearly isothermal decompression followed by isobaric cooling, which show a good fit to petrologic P–T paths for duration of extension between 5 and 10 Ma. The model results, therefore, support an interpretation of the magmatic and metamorphic evolution of the Calabria crust in terms of the late Hercynian extension. In this framework, slab break‐off is a reasonable explanation for the common evolution of the southern European Hercynian massifs.  相似文献   

3-D density model of Mt. Etna Volcano (Southern Italy)     

Domenico Schiavone  Mariano Loddo 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2007

A detailed density model of Mt. Etna and its surrounding areas has been evaluated using a 3-D inversion of the gravimetric data acquired in the 1980's. Several high-density and low-density bodies are found, penetrating from shallow depths as far down as 12 km bsl. A positive correlation (in terms of location, extent, density, and velocity) is established between several anomalies of the density model and features identified in previously published seismic tomographies. A prominent high-density body extending down to 7 km bsl is recognized in the southern part of the Valle del Bove, and interpreted as a solidified magmatic intrusion. On the western boundary of this anomaly, a low-density body is interpreted as a bubble and liquid magma mixture. Outside the central area, three other high-density anomalies are imaged and attributed to the earliest phases of volcanic activity in the area. Several interesting low-density anomalies are also identified and correlated with known fault lines and other structural features of the region.  相似文献   

Considering large earthquake clustering in seismic risk analysis     

Arnaud Mignan  Laurentiu Danciu  Domenico Giardini 《Natural Hazards》2018,91(1):149-172

Earthquakes cluster in space and time resulting in nonlinear damage effects. We compute earthquake interactions using the Coulomb stress transfer theory and dynamic vulnerability from the concept of ductility capacity reduction. We combine both processes in the generic multi-risk framework where risk scenarios are simulated using a variant of the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. We apply the proposed approach to the thrust fault system of northern Italy, considering earthquakes with characteristic magnitudes in the range ~[6, 6.5], different levels of tectonic loading \(\dot{\tau }\) = {10^?4, 10^?3, 10^?2} bar/year and a generic stock of fictitious low-rise buildings with different ductility capacities μ _Δ = {2, 4, 6}. We describe the process’ stochasticity by non-stationary Poisson earthquake probabilities and by binomial damage state probabilities. We find that earthquake clustering yields a tail fattening of the seismic risk curve, the effect of which is amplified by damage-dependent fragility due to clustering. The impact of clustering alone is in average more important than dynamic vulnerability, the spatial extent of the former phenomenon being greater than of the latter one.  相似文献   

The 2014 seismic hazard model of the Middle East: overview and results     

Karin Şeşetyan  Laurentiu Danciu  Mine B. Demircioğlu Tümsa  Domenico Giardini  Mustafa Erdik  Sinan Akkar  Levent Gülen  Mehdi Zare  Shota Adamia  Anooshiravan Ansari  Avetis Arakelyan  Ayşegül Askan  Mher Avanesyan  Hektor Babayan  Tamaz Chelidze  Raffi Durgaryan  Ata Elias  Hossein Hamzehloo  Khaled Hessami  Doğan Kalafat  Özkan Kale  Arkady Karakhanyan  Muhammad Asif Khan  Tahir Mammadli  Mahmood Al-Qaryouti  Mohammad Sayab  Nino Tsereteli  Murat Utkucu  Otar Varazanashvili  Muhammad Waseem  Hilal Yalçın  Mustafa Tolga Yılmaz 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(8):3535-3566

The Earthquake Model of Middle East (EMME) Project aimed to develop regional scale seismic hazard and risk models uniformly throughout a region extending from the Eastern Mediterranean in the west to the Himalayas in the east and from the Gulf of Oman in the south to the Greater Caucasus in the North; a region which has been continuously devastated by large earthquakes throughout the history. The 2014 Seismic Hazard Model of Middle East (EMME-SHM14) was developed with the contribution of several institutions from ten countries. The present paper summarizes the efforts towards building a homogeneous seismic hazard model of the region and highlights some of the main results of this model. An important aim of the project was to transparently communicate the data and methods used and to obtain reproducible results. By doing so, the use of the model and results will be accessible by a wide community, further support the mitigation of seismic risks in the region and facilitate future improvements to the seismic hazard model. To this end all data, results and methods used are made available through the web-portal of the European Facilities for Earthquake Hazard and Risk (www.efehr.org).  相似文献   

Effect of Biochar and Amendments on Pb and As Phytotoxicity and Phytoavailability in a Technosol     

Romain Nandillon  Florie Miard  Manhattan Lebrun  Marie Gaillard  Stphane Sabatier  Sylvain Bourgerie  Fabienne Battaglia‐Brunet  Domenico Morabito 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(3)

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The city of Matera and its ‘Sassi’ (Italy): an opportunity to broadcast geology in the European Capital of Culture 2019     

Domenico Chiarella  V. Festa  L. Sabato  M. Tropeano 《Geology Today》2019,35(5):174-178

Matera is an ancient city located at the top of Italy's high heel that has been anointed the European Capital of Culture 2019 and which, since 1993, has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage list. The close relationship between the urban development of the old town and its geology offers the unique opportunity to discover, in one shot, the cultural and geological history of a wonderful city that is often left out of the spotlight. As a corollary to this, the rupestrian old town of Matera and nearby areas are known also for having been the location of several movies (e.g. Bond 25 ‘No time to die’). Accordingly, media and tourists alike are showing a growing interest in Matera.  相似文献   

Recursive anisotropy: a spatial taphonomic study of the Early Pleistocene vertebrate assemblage of Tsiotra Vryssi,Mygdonia Basin,Greece     

Domenico Giusti  George E. Konidaris  Vangelis Tourloukis  Mattia Marini  Matteo Maron  Andrea Zerboni  Nicholas Thompson  George D. Koufos  Dimitris S. Kostopoulos  Katerina Harvati 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(3):713-730

By applying advanced spatial statistical methods, spatial taphonomy complements the traditional taphonomic approach and enhances our understanding of biostratinomic and diagenetic processes. In this study, we elaborate on a specific aspect – spatial anisotropy – of taphonomic processes. We aim to unravel the taphonomic history of the Early Pleistocene vertebrate assemblage of Tsiotra Vryssi (Mygdonia Basin, Greece). Circular statistics are used for the fabric analysis of elongated elements; geostatistics (directional variograms), wavelet and point pattern analyses are applied for detecting anisotropy at the assemblage level. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of sedimentary magnetic minerals is also investigated. The results, integrated with preliminary remarks about the differential preservation of skeletal elements, sedimentological and micromorphological observations, suggest multiple dispersion events and recurrent spatial re‐arrangement of a lag, (peri)autochthonous assemblage, consistent with the cyclical lateral switching of a braided fluvial system. Furthermore, this study offers a contribution to the building of a spatial taphonomic referential framework for the interpretation of other fossil vertebrate assemblages, including archaeo‐palaeontological ones.  相似文献   

Nitrate contamination of groundwater in the western Po Plain (Italy): the effects of groundwater and surface water interactions     

Manuela Lasagna  Domenico Antonio De Luca  Elisa Franchino 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(3):240

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The quantification of low-probability–high-consequences events: part I. A generic multi-risk approach     

Arnaud Mignan  Stefan Wiemer  Domenico Giardini 《Natural Hazards》2014,73(3):1999-2022

Dynamic risk processes, which involve interactions at the hazard and risk levels, have yet to be clearly understood and properly integrated into probabilistic risk assessment. While much attention has been given to this aspect lately, most studies remain limited to a small number of site-specific multi-risk scenarios. We present a generic probabilistic framework based on the sequential Monte Carlo Method to implement coinciding events and triggered chains of events (using a variant of a Markov chain), as well as time-variant vulnerability and exposure. We consider generic perils based on analogies with real ones, natural and man-made. Each simulated time series corresponds to one risk scenario, and the analysis of multiple time series allows for the probabilistic assessment of losses and for the recognition of more or less probable risk paths, including extremes or low-probability–high-consequences chains of events. We find that extreme events can be captured by adding more knowledge on potential interaction processes using in a brick-by-brick approach. We introduce the concept of risk migration matrix to evaluate how multi-risk participates to the emergence of extremes, and we show that risk migration (i.e., clustering of losses) and risk amplification (i.e., loss amplification at higher losses) are the two main causes for their occurrence.  相似文献   

Assessment of the topsoil heavy metals pollution in the Sarno River basin,south Italy     

Domenico Cicchella  Lucia Giaccio  Annamaria Lima  Stefano Albanese  Antonio Cosenza  Diego Civitillo  Benedetto De Vivo 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(12):5129-5143

The Sarno River basin area is one of the most polluted in Europe and it is due to the waste products of the tomato industry, the leather tanneries and the pharmaceutical industry. This area also has been densely populated and urbanized since the Middle Bronze Age, as testified by the presence of numerous archeological sites, including the ancient Pompeii town, and environmental degradation that characterizes the area is absolutely unacceptable. This paper represents a detailed study to assess the potentially harmful element content of topsoils. In total, 283 soil samples were collected and analyzed, after an aqua regia extraction, by a combination of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for 53 elements. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to show the single-element geochemical distribution and the distribution of factor scores of the elemental associations resulting from R-mode factor analysis. Maps showing elements and the association factor score distributions have been obtained using GeoDAS and ArcGIS software. The assessment of the soil contamination was also carried out using the contamination factor and degree of contamination. The results obtained indicate that soil pollution has different anthropogenic sources. Specifically, Cr pollution derives from tanneries discharging wastewaters in the main water bodies of the basin while Cu contamination seems to depend on widespread agricultural practices. Tin, Pb, Hg, Zn, Cd, Sb anomalies are found mainly in urban and industrial areas, sometimes close to roads with high traffic levels while there is a substantial coincidence with background values for other elements (Co, Ni, Se, Tl and V).  相似文献