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51.
Using live vegetation volume to analyze the effects of plot Pinus massoniana Lamb on water and soil conservation under natural rainfall events 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhu-jun GU Xiao-xia WU Xiao-lei WANG Shao-yun PENG Hao LUO Xue-zheng SHI Dong-sheng YU 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(4):579-587
The 3-D spatial distributions of vegetation are of great significance for water and soil conservation but are rarely concerned in literatures. The live vegetation volume (LVV) was used to relate to water/soil loss under 144 natural erosive rainfall events from 2007 to 2010 in a typical water-eroded area of southern China. Quadratic polynomial regression models were established for five pure tree (Pinus massoniana Lamb) plots between LVV and water (rtmoff)/soil conservation effects (RE/SE). RE/SE corresponds to the ratios of runoff depth/soil loss of the pure tree plots to that of the control plot under each rainfall event. Increasing LVV exhibits descending (DS), descending-ascending (DA), ascending-descending (AD), and ascending (AS) trends in the LVV-RE and LVV-SE curves. The effects of soil conservation on the plots were generally more noticeable than the effects of water conservation, and most of the RE and SE values reflected the positive effects of water and soil conservation. The effects were mainly positive under heavy rains (e.g., rainfall erosivity, R = 140 MJ mm ha-l h, maximum 30 min intensity, I30 = 16 mm h-l), whereas the effects were mainly negative under light rains (e.g., R = 45 MJ mm ha-1 h, I30 = 8 mm h-l). The trees' water/soil conservation effects notably transformed when rainfall erosivity and intensity were lower than the positive or negative effects to a certain threshold. About 50% rainfall events led to obvious transform effects when LVVs were near 0.5 or 0.6. These results are able to aid in the decision making on the forest reconstruction in water-eroded areas. 相似文献
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多重空间数据因其可用性及几何和主题方面的质量差异,催生了针对数据挖掘方法研究的新系统开发,其中包括了异构空间数据结构分析与改进的处理进程。本文介绍了空间数据融合系统( DAFU)的概念、架构与功能性方面的内容,DAFU能够有效使用异构空间数据信息并可进行地理数据的个体使用。 相似文献
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拟建的大理—瑞丽铁路穿越横断山区南段的滇西南地区,地形、地貌和地质条件都极为复杂,其中高黎贡山深埋超长隧道的工程稳定性问题一直是困扰铁路选线、设计和施工的重大工程难点。针对不同形态隧道断面可能对高黎贡山超长隧道工程稳定性产生的影响问题,在充分综合该区野外地质调查、地应力测量、岩石力学实验等成果与资料的基础上,利用ANSYS有限元应力分析软件对不同形态隧道断面的应力分布进行了有限元计算,给出了应力分布图像,分析了断面应力分布的特点和断面形状对应力分布的影响。同时,计算了围岩的应力与强度比,对2种不同断面的围岩稳定性进行了分析对比,最后根据分析结果对不同隧道断面形态下的隧道稳定性进行了综合评价,并据此提出了铁路隧道断面设计与施工中应重点关注的问题。 相似文献
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Excel在测量数据处理中经常被使用,对土石方计算成果报告进行优化处理时方便、快捷、清晰,一目了然,是值得推广的低碳测绘之经验。 相似文献
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到目前为止,已经探明的天然气水合物储量要远小于预测的水合物储量.这种现状不同程度地反映出我们对天然气水合物赋存规律认识不足,和对天然气水合物勘探方法认识不足.本文根据作者多次参加水合物地球物理调查国际航次的认识及文献资料,综述了海域天然气水合物勘探方面一些有效的地球物理技术方法,以利于我国海域天然气水合物的勘探工作以及勘探方法的创新.本文指出,地震勘探是目前进行天然气水合物勘探最常用、也是最重要的方法.地震方法主要包括传统的单道、多道地震方法、高分辨地震方法、深拖多道地震探测方法、海底地震仪方法、多道-多分量海底地震电缆方法、海底地震检波器方法等.此外,根据水合物发育区特有的海底地形地貌特征和水体异常特征,根据水合物发育所需要的温度-压力场特征、电磁特征和含水合物地层的剪切模量特征发展的多波束方法、旁扫声纳方法、海底热流探测方法、海底电磁方法以及海底重力测量方法等都在海域天然气水合物勘探中有着很好的效果. 相似文献
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Di Zhou Zhen Sun Han-zong Chen He-hua Xu Wan-yin Wang Xiong Pang Dong-sheng Cai Deng-ke Hu 《Island Arc》2008,17(2):186-207
Abstract During the Mesozoic era, the South China Sea and its environs were located at the south-eastern margin of the Eurasian continent. There has been hot debate on the influences of Tethyan and Paleo-Pacific tectonics to the Mesozoic evolution of the area. This paper compiles lithofacies maps of six time slices and discusses the paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the area based on this compilation and other data on structural deformation and magmatism. In the Early Triassic, the Paleotethys Ocean extended eastward to the study area through the Song Da passage. Then a significant east–west differential evolution began. In the Late Triassic, the western area uplifted as a result of the collision between the Indosinian and South China blocks during the Indosinian orogeny, and the Song Da passage has closed since then. Meanwhile, a transgression of Paleo-Pacific waters occurred in the eastern and south-eastern portions of the area, forming the 'East Guangdong–North-west Borneo Sea'. In the Early Jurassic, seawater transgression was even more pronounced, resulting into the connection of this sea with the Mesotethys Ocean to the west. Large quantities of Tethyan water carrying Tethyan organisms entered the area. In the Middle Jurassic, a short-lived transgression occurred in the eastern Mesotethys and resulted in the formation of the 'Yunnan–Burma Sea'. The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous was the climax of the subduction of both the Mesotethys and Paleo-Pacific towards the Eurasian continent. This led to the formation of the great 'Circum South-east Asia Subduction–Accretion Zone' in the Middle or Late Cretaceous. This paper also presents various lines of evidence for a newly recognized segment of this Mesozoic subduction–accretion zone buried under Cenozoic sediments in the north-eastern South China Sea. 相似文献