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31.
Alexandros L. Petalas Yannis F. Dafalias Achilleas G. Papadimitriou 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(1):97-123
SANISAND is the name of a family of bounding surface plasticity constitutive models for sand within the framework of critical state theory, which have been able to realistically simulate the sand behavior under conventional monotonic and cyclic loading paths. In order to incorporate the important role of evolving fabric anisotropy, one such model was modified within the framework of the new anisotropic critical state theory and named SANISAND-F model. Yet the response under continuous stress principal axes rotation requires further modification to account for the effect of ensuing noncoaxiality on the dilatancy and plastic modulus. This modification is simpler than what is often proposed in the literature, since it does not incorporate an additional plastic loading mechanism and/or multiple dilatancy and plastic modulus expressions. The new model named SANISAND-FN is presented herein and is validated against published data for loading that includes drained stress principal axes rotation on Toyoura sand. 相似文献
32.
George D. Bouckovalas Achilleas G. Papadimitriou Dimitrios G. Niarchos Yannis Ζ. Tsiapas 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011
This paper revisits the seminal work of Seed and Booker (1977) [21] on the design of infinitely permeable drains for liquefaction mitigation. It is shown that their basic mathematical assumption for the rate of earthquake-induced excess pore pressure generation overlooks sand fabric evolution effects during cyclic loading and eventually leads to underestimation of the drain effectiveness. This is because such effects cause peak excess pore pressures to be attained at the early stages of partially drained shaking, followed by a gradual attenuation even if shaking continues undiminished, a response feature not predicted by the original formulation. In addition, special emphasis is given to the analytical relation describing the excess pore pressure build-up until liquefaction in undrained tests. This relation was considered unique in the original work, for reasons of simplicity, thus neglecting sand fabric evolution effects that may differentiate it for various sands, densities and loading conditions. Hence, a revised analytical formulation is proposed, which takes into account both above effects of sand fabric evolution. The paper provides a quantitative assessment of their influence on drain effectiveness and establishes a new set of charts for drain design. Experimental measurements from shaking table tests, as well as robust numerical simulations are shown, which underline the necessity for the revised solution and design charts. 相似文献
33.
The long-term probabilistic seismic hazard of central Ionian Islands (Greece) is studied through the application of stress
release models. In order to identify statistically distinct regions, the study area is divided into two subareas, namely Kefalonia
and Lefkada, on the basis of seismotectonic properties. Previous results evidenced the existence of stress transfer and interaction
between the Kefalonia and Lefkada fault segments. For the consideration of stress transfer and interaction, the linked stress
release model is applied. A new model is proposed, where the hazard rate function in terms of X(t) has the form of the Weibull distribution. The fitted models are evaluated through residual analysis and the best of them
is selected through the Akaike information criterion. Based on AIC, the results demonstrate that the simple stress release
model fits the Ionian data better than the non-homogeneous Poisson and the Weibull models. Finally, the thinning simulation
method is applied in order to produce simulated data and proceed to forecasting. 相似文献
34.
Th. Rondoyanni E. Lykoudi A. Triantafyllou M. Papadimitriou I. Foteinos 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(4):1151-1170
Siting linear engineering projects on or near active faults is usually inevitable in areas of intense seismotectonic activity, such as Greece. To confidently site and mitigate fault rupturing associated hazards, the design and construction of these projects requires knowledge of exact location of active fault traces as well as determination of their characteristics. Detailed investigations of the geological structures were performed along the 500 km-long Athens-Thessaloniki route in mainland Greece, particularly of the potential for surface faulting across or in the vicinity of the most important transportation facilities and lifelines (highway, railway and natural gas pipeline). The identified faults were evaluated and classified as seismic, active and potentially active, on the basis of geologic and geomorphologic evidences of repeated displacements throughout the Quaternary, as well as on the basis of macroseismic data. The map of active faults was compiled, while the magnitude of possible surface displacements along these faults in case of seismic reactivation was estimated. The dominant faults in the study zone are exclusively of normal or oblique-slip character, striking E–W and acting under N–S oriented extensional stresses. It is estimated that many of the numerous active faults which are crossing the Athens-Thessaloniki route and the other linear lifelines are capable of causing a seismic surface displacement up to about 1 m. 相似文献
35.
Investigation of the spatiotemporal properties of the 2003 Lefkada seismic sequence is performed through non-extensive statistical physics. Information on highly accurate aftershock source parameters became feasible from the recordings of a portable digital seismological network that was installed and operated in the study area, during the evolution of the seismic sequence. Thus, the spatiotemporal distribution of aftershocks onto the main and neighboring fault segments was investigated in detail, enabling the recognition of four distinctive seismicity clusters separated by less active patches. The aftershock spatiotemporal properties are studied here, using the ideas of non-extensive statistical physics (NESP). The cumulative distribution functions of the inter-event times and the inter-event distances are presented using the data set in each seismicity cluster, and the analysis results in values for the statistical thermodynamic q T and q D parameters for each cluster, where q T varies from 1.16 to 1.47 and q D from 0.42 to 0.77 for the inter-event times and distances distributions, respectively. These values confirm the complexity and non-additivity of the spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity, and the applicability of the NESP approach in investigating aftershocks sequence. The temporal pattern is discussed using the closely connected to NESP approach of superstatistics, which is based on a superposition of ordinary local equilibrium statistical mechanics. The result indicates that the temporal evolution of the Lefkada aftershock sequence in clusters A, B and C is governed by very low number of degrees of freedom, while D is a less organized seismicity structure with a much higher number of degrees of freedom. 相似文献
36.
D. A. Rhoades E. E. Papadimitriou V. G. Karakostas R. Console M. Murru 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2010,167(8-9):1049-1066
A systematic analysis is made of static Coulomb stress changes and earthquake occurrence in the area of the North Aegean Sea, Greece, in order to assess the prospect of using static stress changes to construct a regional earthquake likelihood model. The earthquake data set comprises all events of magnitude M ≥ 5.2 which have occurred since 1964. This is compared to the evolving stress field due to constant tectonic loading and perturbations due to coseismic slip associated with major earthquakes (M ≥ 6.4) over the same period. The stress was resolved for sixteen fault orientation classes, covering the observed focal mechanisms of all earthquakes in the region. Analysis using error diagrams shows that earthquake occurrence is better correlated with the constant tectonic loading component of the stress field than with the total stress field changes since 1964, and that little, if any, information on earthquake occurrence is lost if only the maximum of the tectonic loading over the fault orientation classes is considered. Moreover, the information on earthquake occurrence is actually increased by taking the maximum of the evolving stress field since 1964, and of its coseismic-slip component, over the fault orientation classes. The maximum, over fault orientation classes, of linear combinations of the tectonic loading and the evolving stress field is insignificantly better correlated with earthquake occurrence than the maximum of the tectonic loading by itself. A composite stress-change variable is constructed from ordering of the maximum tectonic loading component and the maximum coseismic-slip component, in order to optimize the correlation with earthquake occurrence. The results indicate that it would be difficult to construct a time-varying earthquake likelihood model from the evolving stress field that is more informative than a time-invariant model based on the constant tectonic loading. 相似文献
37.
38.
研究了1904年以来发生在中国四川、云南地区的强烈地震所伴生的库仑应力变化. 研究区涉及了中国大陆最活动的地震带. 由于欧亚板块与印度板块沿喜马拉雅会聚带的碰撞, 菱形区域的构造运动受到西藏高原向东扩展的影响,在东——西方向上受到主要板内走滑断裂运动的调节. 在研究区,断层顺时针逐步旋转,转动角达90deg;, 造成了应力场的复杂性. 计算了由强地震(MSge;6.5) 的同震滑动和连续构造加载在主要断裂上产生的库仑破裂函数变化(Delta;CFF). 在应力评估模型的每一步, 对是否能触发下一次地震的可能性都进行了判断. 最后,模型给出了下一次地震中断层易于破裂的证据,对未来危险性进行了评估. 相似文献
39.
Microseismicity and focal mechanisms at the western termination of the North Anatolian Fault and their implications for continental tectonics 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Denis Hatzfeld Maria Ziazia Despina Kementzetzidou Panayotis Hatzidimitriou Dimitris Panagiotopoulos Kostas Makropoulos Panayotis Papadimitriou & Anne Deschamps 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,137(3):891-908
For seven weeks, a temporary network of 68 seismological stations was operated in Central Greece, in the region of Thessaly and Evia, located at the western termination of the North Anatolian Fault system. We recorded 510 earthquakes and computed 80 focal mechanisms. Seismic activity is associated with the NE–SW dextral North Aegean Fault, or with very young E–W-striking normal faults that are located around the Gulf of Volos and the Gulf of Lamia. The important NW–SE-striking faults bounding the Pilion, or the basins of Larissa and Karditsa, are not seismically active, suggesting that it is easier to break continental crust, creating new faults perpendicular to the principal stresses, than to reactivate faults that strike obliquely to the principal stress axes 相似文献
40.
A probabilistic approach to structural model updating 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Lambros S. Katafygiotis Costas Papadimitriou Heung-Fai Lam 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1998,17(7-8):495-507
The problem of updating a structural model and its associated uncertainties by utilizing measured dynamic response data is addressed. A Bayesian probabilistic formulation is followed to obtain the posterior probability density function (PDF) of the uncertain model parameters for given measured data. The present paper discusses the issue of identifiability of the model parameters and reviews existing asymptotic approximations for identifiable cases. The focus of the paper is on the treatment of the general unidentifiable case where the earlier approximations are not applicable. In this case the posterior PDF of the parameters is found to be concentrated in the neighborhood of an extended and extremely complex manifold in the parameter space. The computational difficulties associated with calculating the posterior PDF in such cases are discussed and an algorithm for an efficient approximate representation of the above manifold and the posterior PDF is presented. Numerical examples involving noisy data are presented to demonstrate the concepts and the proposed method. 相似文献