The use of the deformation theorem in forecasting non-divergent flow     

Vojtêch Vítek 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1959,3(3):291-293

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Niederschlagsänderungen Während Eines Jahres in Ihrer Beziehung zu den Frontalzonen     

Alois Gregor  Zdenêk Gregor 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1958,2(4):362-396

Резюме Целью настоящей работы является анализ колебаний осадков последовательно, месяц за месяцем, в течение года, касающийся областей Сев. Америки, Атлантического океана и Европы и сравнение полученных результатов с колебаниями фронтальных зон на названном выше пространстве. Зависимость осадков от изменений температуры исключается, вследствие того, что осадки выражаются в процентах максимального количества осадков, которое могло бы выпасть из нижней половины тропосферы. Во второй части работы приводится приблпженная оценка роли конвекции в осадках в Европе.

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Anschrift: Ke Karlovu 3, Praha 2.

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Anschrift: Letiště Praha-Ruzyně.  相似文献   

Étude statistique des crochets magnétiques à Tamanrasset     

Mme F. Duclaux  B. Leprětre 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,40(1):127-144

Résumé On compare, en premier lieu, les crochets magnétiques donnés par le Bulletin de l'I.A.G.A. avec les crochets visibler sur les enregistrements de Tamanrasset entre 1949 et 1957. 33% des crochets sont retrouvés, et on étudie leur fréquence. Celle-ci suit le cycle solaire, esdt minimum l'hiver et plus élevéc l'après-midi que le matin. L'obíssance à la loi deMcNish ne semble pas prouvéc. L'amplitude la plus probable est de 7 . — On étudie ensuite des phénomènes ressemblant aux crochets (faux crochets) et caractérisés par une allure bien définie des dérivéesdH/dt etdD/dt. Leur fréquence ne suit pas le cycle solaire, est minimum à l'équinoxe et uniforme dans le cours de la journée. L'amplitude la plus probable est de 7 à 10 , et la durée de développement de l'ordre de 5 minutes. La direction du vecteur perturbation est NNW ou SSE, avec prédominance du SSE, ce qui correspond dans l'ionosphère à un courant WSW-ENE. L'existence des faux crochets peut expliquer certaines confusions dans l'identification des crochets.

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Summary First of all, we compare the magnetic crochets given by the I.A.G.A.-Bulletin with the crochets we can see on Tamanrasset records between 1949 and 1957. We find out 33% of these crochets and we study their frequency. It follows the solar cycle, it is minimum during winter and greater in the afternoon than in the morning. Obedience toMcNish law does not seem to be proved. The more probable amplitude is 7 . — Then we study phenomena looking like crochets (false crochets) which are caracterised by a well definite feature ofdH/dt anddD/dt. Their frequency does not follow solar cycle, it is minimum et equinox and level during the course of the day. The more probable amplitude is from 7 to 10 , and the development plasts about 5 minutes. The direction of disturbance vector is NNW or SSE, with predominance of SSE, which sould correspond to a WSW-ENE stream in the inosophere. The existence of false crochets may explain some confusions when we identify crochets.

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La mesure de l'anisotropie de susceptibilité magnétique dans les flyschs: Application à la recherche des directions des paléocourants     

Henri Argenton  Claude Bobier  Jean Polvêche 《Sedimentary Geology》1975,14(2):149-167

Studies made on the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of artificial sediments have shown that there are correlations between the orientation of anisotropy axes and of transport directions. Thus, the analysis of parameters of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility can constitute a means to investigate transport directions in flysch. To test this method in a natural model, the authors have made some measurements on flysch beds belonging to the “grés d'Annot complex”. The sediments have been sampled in the Contes and Peira-Cava synclines where the directions of paleocurrents have been determinated by classical methods. Results obtained both in Contes and in Peira-Cava on fine-grained detrital beds show a good agreement between directions of paleo-transport deduced from orientation of anisotropy axes and those established by classical methods on the levels showing “sole-marks”. However, in some beds of the Peira-Cava syncline, which are characterized by coarser grain size and “sole-marks” of good quality, the scattering of the directions of the anisotropy axes is very great and in some cases the measurements are not reproducible in the same sample.It appears, therefore, that the measurement of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility can constitute a good approach to analysing emplacement modes of fine-grained flysch deposits in which the use of classical methods is often difficult. This method of paleocurrent analysis complements the other techniques used in this field of research.  相似文献   

Horizontal patterns of water temperature and salinity in an estuarine tidal channel: Ria de Aveiro     

Nuno Vaz  João Miguel Dias  Paulo Leitão  Inês Martins 《Ocean Dynamics》2005,55(5-6):416-429

This work presents results from two complementary and interconnected approaches to study water temperature and salinity patterns in an estuarine tidal channel. This channel is one of the four main branches of the Ria de Aveiro, a shallow lagoon located in the Northwest coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Longitudinal and cross-sectional fields of water temperature and salinity were determined by spatial interpolation of field measurements. A numerical model (Mohid) was used in a 2D depth-integrated mode in order to compute water temperature and salinity patterns. The main purpose of this work was to determine the horizontal patterns of water temperature and salinity in the study area, evaluating the effects of the main forcing factors. The field results were depth-integrated and compared to numerical model results. These results obtained using extreme tidal and river runoff forcing, are also presented. The field results reveal that, when the river flow is weak, the tidal intrusion is the main forcing mechanism, generating saline and thermal fronts which migrate with the neap/spring tidal cycle. When the river flow increases, the influence of the freshwater extends almost as far as the mouth of the lagoon and vertical stratification is established. Results of numerical modelling reveal that the implemented model reproduces quite well the observed horizontal patterns. The model was also used to study the hydrology of the study area under extreme forcing conditions. When the model is forced with a low river flow (1 m³ s⁻¹) the results confirm that the hydrology is tidally dominated. When the model is forced with a high river flow (1,000 m³ s⁻¹) the hydrology is dominated by freshwater, as would be expected in such an area.  相似文献   

Long-period Love wave overtone data in North America and the Pacific Ocean: new evidence for upper mantle anisotropy     

Jean-Jacques Lévêque  Michel Cara 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1983,33(3):164-179

Two Tonga-trench earthquakes recorded in North America on WWSSN long-period instruments have been processed by making use of spatial analysis techniques to retrieve the phase velocities of Love wave modes. Dispersion data up to the third overtone at periods longer than 30 s have been obtained for two broad areas: the Pacific Ocean and North America. It is found that the observed Love wave phase velocities are not in agreement with the values predicted from the previously published models inferred from Rayleigh wave data. Phase velocity discrepancies as large as 3–4% in the Pacific Ocean and 2% in North America are observed up to the second overtone. Preliminary direct computations, which have been performed in the framework of transversely isotropic models with the axis of symmetry oriented vertically, suggest that the cause for this departure from isotropy probably extends to depths > 200 km.  相似文献   

Evolution of the REE mineralogy in HP–LT metapelites of the Sebtide complex, Rif, Morocco: Monazite stability and geochronology     

Emilie Janots  Franois Negro  Fabrice Brunet  Bruno Goff  Martin Engi  Mohamed L. Bouybaoune 《Lithos》2006,87(3-4):214-234

REE mineralogy was characterized at the micrometer scale (using scanning electron microscopy) in the four tectono-metamorphic units of the Beni Mzala window, Sebtide Complex, Internal Rif, Morocco, which sample a HP-LT metamorphic gradient from subgreenschist to blueschist/eclogite facies. These tectonic units are composed of garnet-free metapelites (and associated synmetamorphic veins) from the same homogeneous aluminium-rich and calcium-poor protolith. In that context, mineralogical differences between units are assumed to result from contrasted pressure and temperature histories. Light REE-bearing Al-phosphates of the crandallite group with florencite-rich composition and variable goyazite content are the dominant LREE minerals in the lowest-grade units, Tizgarine (300 °C, 3 kbar as peak conditions) and Boquete de Anjera (350 °C, 10 kbar). In the latter unit, metamorphic florencite is associated with MREE-rich monazite. In the schist of the highest-grade units, Beni Mzala 2 (420–450 °C, 12 kbar) and Beni Mzala 1 (550 °C, 16 kbar), associations of allanite-rich epidote and synchisite (a LREE-fluorocarbonate) are found whereas florencite and monazite are no longer observed. At the wall of the quartz–kyanite veins, retrograde monazite-(Ce) with grain size of 20 to 50 μm is the only LREE-bearing mineral. Th–Pb and U–Pb SIMS data on some of these grains yield ages of 21.3 ± 1.7 Ma and 20.9 ± 2.1 Ma, respectively, consistent with previous K–Ar ages obtained on retrograde clay–mica mixtures in rocks from the same locality. The identification of a stability field for monazite in high-pressure aluminous metapelites with an upper thermal-limit below 450 °C as well as the derivation of meaningful U–Pb and Th–Pb SIMS ages demonstrates the monazite potential for dating HP-LT metapelites. However, since, under these conditions, monazite growth occurs below its admitted closure-temperature, these ages must be interpreted on the basis of monazite textural relationships.  相似文献   

Biodiversity and its conservation in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Wolfgang J. Junk  Catia Nunes da Cunha  Karl Matthias Wantzen  Peter Petermann  Christine Strüssmann  Marinêz Isaac Marques  Joachim Adis 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2006,68(3):278-309

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Surrogate-based parameter inference in debris flow model     

Maria Navarro  Olivier P. Le Maître  Ibrahim Hoteit  David L. George  Kyle T. Mandli  Omar M. Knio 《Computational Geosciences》2018,22(6):1447-1463

This work tackles the problem of calibrating the unknown parameters of a debris flow model with the drawback that the information regarding the experimental data treatment and processing is not available. In particular, we focus on the evolution over time of the flow thickness of the debris with dam-break initial conditions. The proposed methodology consists of establishing an approximation of the numerical model using a polynomial chaos expansion that is used in place of the original model, saving computational burden. The values of the parameters are then inferred through a Bayesian approach with a particular focus on inference discrepancies that some of the important features predicted by the model exhibit. We build the model approximation using a preconditioned non-intrusive method and show that a suitable prior parameter distribution is critical to the construction of an accurate surrogate model. The results of the Bayesian inference suggest that utilizing directly the available experimental data could lead to incorrect conclusions, including the over-determination of parameters. To avoid such drawbacks, we propose to base the inference on few significant features extracted from the original data. Our experiments confirm the validity of this approach, and show that it does not lead to significant loss of information. It is further computationally more efficient than the direct approach, and can avoid the construction of an elaborate error model.  相似文献   

Vegetation evolution by ecological succession as a potential bioindicator of landslides relative age in Southwestern Mediterranean region     

Lopes  Luís Filipe  Oliveira  Sérgio Cruz  Neto  Carlos  Zêzere  José Luís 《Natural Hazards》2020,103(1):599-622

Natural Hazards - Landslides have a direct impact in the ecosystems dynamics being considered one of the main vegetation perturbation processes. Our objective is to determine the relation between...  相似文献