地上下一体化的三维空间数据库模型设计与应用     

刘刚  吴冲龙  何珍文  翁正平  朱庆  张叶廷  李晓明 《地球科学》2011,36(2):367-374

大规模地上、地下三维实体建模与空间分析应用中,由于三维模型的多样性和对象空间分布的不均衡性,如何高效地一体化组织和管理海量三维空间数据成为当前三维GIS的核心问题之一.提出了一种兼顾空间关系与语义关系的三维空间数据库模型,给出了相应的概念模型、逻辑模型和物理模型.特别针对地质体的复杂性,给出了顾及语义的多尺度地下空间目标概念模型和多层次三维空间索引机制.用武汉市和南京市三维数字城市示范区模型数据进行了应用试验分析,验证了该模型的有效性.   相似文献   

降雨及蒸发条件下地裂缝研究     

吴小锋  李光范  胡伟  王晓亮 《地震学刊》2014,(1):113-118

工程中所遇到的土体大多数以非饱和土形态存在。以海南地区的特殊土红粘土为研究对象,在对其进行土—水特性研究的基础上,认为Van Genuchten模型较好地反映了海南红粘土饱和度与基质吸力的关系。结合Bishop提出的非饱和土的有效应力表达式,分析了降雨及蒸发下地裂缝的发展机制。通过数值算例发现,在非饱和土中,静止土压力系数不再保持不变,而是随着深度和稳定流流量的变化而变化,与饱和土中的静止土压力系数的性质有很大不同,这在工程实际中对支挡结构的设计具有重要的指导意义;在非饱和土中,由于静止土压力系数存在负值,容易产生地裂缝,且在蒸发条件下,最大地裂缝深度理论上比在无渗流和降雨条件下的大。  相似文献   

Sedimentary response to volcanic activity in the Okinawa Trough since the last deglaciation     

蒋富清  李安春  李铁刚 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,(1)

To investigate the relationship between volcanic activity and sediment record on regional and temporal scales,158 surface sediment samples were collected from the East China Sea Shelf to the northern Okinawa Trough (OT),and two cores recovered in the northern and southern OT,respectively.Mineralogy,grain-size,and geochemical analyses of those samples show that:1) volcanic glass,volcanic-type pyroxene,hypersthenes,and magnetite increase in sediment influenced by volcanic activity;2) sediment grain sizes (and...  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of tidal current and erosion and sedimentation in the Yangshan deep-water harbor of Shanghai   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

ZUO Shu-Hua  ZHANG Ning-Chuan  LI Bei  ZHANG Zheng  ZHU Zhi-Xia Ph.D c  idate  State Key Laboratory of Coastal  Offshore Engineering  Dalian University of Technology  Dalian  China  Key Laboratory of Engineering Sediment of Ministry of Communications  Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering  Tianjin  China. Dr.  Prof.  China Research Scientist  Key Labor... 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(3):287-298

Yangshan near-shore sea area is the multi-island and multi-channel area with strong flow velocity and high suspended sediment concentration. Based on the characteristics of tidal currents, waves, and sediment in the Yangshan area, a two-dimensional numerical model of tidal currents, sediment transport, and sea bed deformation is developed. In the model, the effects of tidal currents and wind waves on sediment transport are considered. According to characteristics of the study area, unstructured grids are applied to fit the boundaries of the near-shore sea area. The results show that the calculated values are in good agreement with the measured data. The field of tidal currents, suspended sediment concentrations, and the deformation of the seabed can be successfully simulated.  相似文献   

Three-dimensional saltating processes of multiple sediment particles   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Hsiao-Wen WANG  Hong-Yuan LEE  Po-Ning LEE 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(1):16-32

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interacting mechanism between the saltating particles near a channel bed. A three-dimensional real-time flow visualization technique was developed to measure the interparticle collision behaviors during the saltating process. Based on the experimental data, the distribution of the collision points was found to be symmetric. This confirms the assumption that the projections of the collision points onto the reasonable plane are uniformly distributed. A three-dimensional saltating model was also developed. This model produced satisfactory results. The model is able to simulate the continuous saltating trajectories of several particles. The simulated dimensionless saltating height, longitudinal and vertical saltation velocity components were found to increase as the dimensionless particle diameter and the dimensionless flow transport capacity parameter increase, while the simulated lateral saltation velocity component varies inversely with the dimensionless flow transport capacity parameter. A regression equation for the bed load transport rate was also obtained.  相似文献   

Dredging influenced sediment toxicity of endosulfan and lindane on black tiger shrimp （Penaeus monodon Fabricius） in Chantaburi River estuary in Thailand   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jayakody Arachchige SUMITH  Preeda PARKPIAN  Napaporn LEADPRATHOM 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(4):455-464

Series of experiments, including background sediment elutriate, spiked-sediment elutriate and spiked- water toxicity tests, were carried out to study the effect of dredging on survivability and ecological competence of commercially important shrimp postlarvae of Penaeus monodon Fabricius. The test sediment represented the most contaminated from endosulfan and lindane in the Chantaburi river mouth estuary. The maximum sediment contamination levels were 49.4 μg/kg of endosulfan and 58.1 μg/kg of lindane in dry weight basis. Dose-response studies in static, non-renewal spiked-sediment elutriate toxicity tests revealed that LC 50 （96 h） values for survival effect based on measured concentrations were 0.50 （0.26-0.95） μg/L for endosulfan and 0.92 （0.63-1.34） μg/L for lindane. The LOECs for endosulfan and lindane were 0.141 and 0.429 μg/L, respectively. The NOECs were estimated to be the dissoluted endosulfan and lindane concentrations from the Chantaburi estuary sediment. The effects on phenoloxidase enzyme activity in shrimp postlarvae exposed for sub-lethal to lethal doses in sediment elutriate were not significant （p〉0.05） at all tested dose levels. The worst case dissolution concentrations of endosulfan and lindane in the water column upon simulatory dredging in the Chantaburi estuary were found to be toxic to shrimp postlarvae on lethal and sub-lethal effects. The NOECs of respective chemicals （i.e., 0.034 and 0.16 μg/L） shared the same orders of magnitude for corresponding NOECs established for whole salt water aquatic life by the USEPA and ＂safe＂ levels calculated by 0.01 safety factor approach. In addition, the significance of multiple pollutant assessments for ecological toxicity testing is highlighted.  相似文献   

Quantitatively distinguishing sediments from the Yangtze River and the Yellow River using δEu_N-ΣREEs plot     

JIANG FuQing  ZHOU XiaoJing    LI AnChun & LI TieGang Key laboratory of Marine Geology  Environment 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,(2)

Sediment samples were collected from the lower channel of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River and the contents of rare earth elements (REEs) were measured. In addition, some historical REEs data were collected from published literatures. Based on the δEuN-ΣREEs plot, a clear boundary was found be-tween the sediments from the two rivers. The boundary can be described as an orthogonal polynomial equation by ordinary linear regression with sediments from the Yangtze River located above the curve and sedimen...  相似文献   

Representative pictures of structural damage observed in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake     

Editorial Office Journal of Earthquake Engineering  Engineering Vibration 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2009,8(2):I0001-I0005

In an effort to share the lessons learned and to provide a reference point for future research and engineering  相似文献   

长江中下游地区白垩纪富碱火山岩浆作用   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

禹尧  徐夕生 《地球科学》2009,34(1):105-116

根据长江中下游地区中生代火山岩与成矿作用的研究现状, 选择研究工作较为薄弱的、最东端的溧水盆地火山岩为研究对象, 进行了详细的锆石U-Pb同位素分析, 并结合本区4个不同中生代火山盆地火山岩地球化学、岩性地层学资料, 对各盆地中4个火山旋回的火山岩进行了对比研究.研究表明: 溧水盆地龙王山组粗面岩的结晶年龄为128Ma, 这标志着长江中下游地区由西向东中生代火山作用的全面展开.4个火山旋回的时代分别为: > 125Ma、125~120Ma、120~110Ma和110~90Ma.庐枞盆地的浮山组与宁芜盆地的姑山组+娘娘山组(即溧水盆地的观山组+甲山组) 对应较为恰当, 应属第三火山旋回.本区白垩世火山岩的地球化学特征, 反映这些幔源碱性岩浆在上升过程中受到了陆壳物质的混染, 早期火山岩(如溧水盆地龙王山组) 则是Sr矿的矿源层.   相似文献   

雅克拉凝析油气田油水界面甲烷天然释放及其源示踪     

唐俊红  鲍征宇  向武 《地球科学》2009,34(5):769-777

为评价油气田天然释放CH₄对大气CH₄源与汇的贡献, 采用静态箱法实地监测了新疆塔里木盆地雅克拉凝析油气田油水界面处甲烷的释放通量, 并采用在线大气甲烷碳同位素制样系统与稳定同位素质谱仪联机测试了通量箱甲烷碳同位素组成.结果表明, 由于油水界面边水活跃程度不同, 甲烷通量在空间变化很大, 最高的日释放通量达2.28 mg/m2·d, 最低-1.32 mg/m2·d, 日平均释放通量0.51 mg/m2·d, 标准偏差达1.23 mg/m2·d.油水界面处甲烷通量日变化规律基本相同, 凌晨至清晨时达到相对高点, 随后逐渐降低, 下午至傍晚时段为释放低值甚至负值, 夜晚时分又逐渐增加.通量箱中甲烷δ13C组成白天随甲烷浓度的线性降低而逐渐偏重, 夜晚δ13C随着甲烷浓度的线性增加而逐渐偏重.可见, 油水界面边水活跃, 其上方的土壤形成相对氧化的环境, 油气藏甲烷及烃类在向地表运移的过程中不断被土壤吸收氧化, 仅有少量运移至地表并逸散到大气中, 局部甚至均被吸收氧化, 而成为大气甲烷的汇.   相似文献