Sedimentology and stratigraphy of Cenozoic deposits in the Kağızman-Tuzluca Basin,northeastern Turkey     

Baki Varol  Şevket Şen  Turhan Ayyıldız  Koray Sözeri  Zehra Karakaş  Grégoire Métais 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,105(1):107-137

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Effects of iron and chrome slag on the index compaction and strength parameters of clayey soils     

Mustafa Vekli  Cenk Cuma Çadır  Ferhat Şahinkaya 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(5):425

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Development of ground-shaking maps for the Sultanate of Oman   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Eser Çaktı  Issa El-Hussain  Karin Şeşetyan  Ahmed Deif  Ufuk Hancılar  Ghazi Al-Rawas  Yaver Kamer  Khalifa Al-Jabri 《Natural Hazards》2016,82(2):1357-1373

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An application of network design procedures for redesigning Kizilirmak River basin raingauge network,Turkey     

ÜNAL ŞORMAN  GÜVEN BALKAN 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):233-246

ABSTRACT

Recently developed rainfall network design techniques are discussed and compared. Present day hydrological studies require high levels of accuracy from collected data. Also, scientists need to know the degree of accuracy of the information they use. The existing rainfall network in the Kizilirmak basin must be redesigned in order to meet the required level of accuracy preset by rainfall data users. The three following techniques were applied: optimum interpolation procedure which is a flexible method; variance of mean areal rainfall; and the analysis of variance. The existing network of 52 gauges is redesigned so that the network will have an average root mean square error (rmse) of ? 32 mm and the percentage of the area with rmse > 36 mm is limited to 10%. It is found that the proposed criteria are satisfied by a network of 53 gauges of which eight were newly established and seven of the existing ones removed.  相似文献   

Rainfall distribution function for Libya and rainfall prediction     

ZEKAI ŞEN  ALI GEATH ELJADID 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):665-680

Abstract

Monthly rainfall amounts are distributed according to different frequency distribution functions in different parts of the world. However, in extremely arid regions gamma probability distribution functions are most often found to fit the existing data well. Libyan monthly rainfall distributions are found to abide by gamma probability distribution function which is confirmed on the basis of chi-square tests. Almost all the rainfall sequences recorded for at least the last 20 years in Libya are investigated statistically and gamma distribution parameters are calculated at existing stations. The shape and scale parameters are then regionalized and hence it becomes possible to find the parameter values at any desired location within the study area and then to generate synthetic sequences according to the gamma distribution. Predictions of 10, 25, 50 and 100 mm rainfall amounts are achieved by this probability function.  相似文献   

Modified hydrograph method for arid regions     

Zekai Şen 《水文研究》2008,22(3):356-365

There is a real need for more research on regionalization of flood estimation methods in arid zones. Such estimations are important because reliable long‐term storm rainfall and corresponding runoff measurements are commonly unavailable. This is the situation in many parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Hence, it is necessary to develop a new approach, one that suits the conditions found in the Kingdom, which depend on available, but incomplete measurements and catchment morphological features. In this paper, a modified methodology based on the classical Snyder approach is proposed and it is referred to as the Saudi Geological Survey (SGS) approach in order to reflect works of this kind within the Survey. The basis of the methodology has two phases, namely, logical and empirical. The former phase is valid for any part of the world whether humid or arid, but the latter phase is location specific, which in the case of this paper, is the Arabian Peninsula. The application of the methodology is presented for Wadi Baysh, a major wadi in the south‐western part of the Kingdom. Furthermore, a synthetic unit hydrograph (UH) methodology based on a Gamma distribution function is also presented with applications to some of the Wadi Baysh sub‐basins. For this purpose, a dimensionless UH has been obtained, which is special for the area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A New Natural Secondary Reference Material for Garnet U-Pb Dating by TIMS and LA-ICP-MS     

Namık Aysal  Marcel Guillong  Tamara Bayanova  Mayuko Fukuyama  Nicole Leonard  İsak Yılmaz  Elif Varol  Fatma Şişman Tükel  Yusuf Kaan Kadıoğlu  Nurullah Hanilçi  Fulya Uzun  Ersin Kaygısız 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2023,47(2):297-310

Gem quality andradite-rich garnet (IUC-1), obtained from the Miocene trachyte dome near Ankara city (Turkey), has been identified as a potential natural secondary reference material for U-Pb dating. In this study, U-Pb dating was performed in five different laboratories using isotope dilution TIMS and laser ablation ICP-MS to determine the homogeneity of euhedral garnet crystals. The U-Pb ID-TIMS data for IUC-1 yielded ²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U and ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 20.9 ± 0.4 and 20.6 ± 0.8 Ma respectively, and these values are consistent with U-Pb LA-ICP-MS analyses, in which different garnet crystals yielded ages of 20.8 ± 0.1, 20.7 ± 0.1, 20.7 ± 0.2 and 20.2 ± 0.1 Ma. An andradite (IUC-2) from the Serçeören wollastonite skarn (Turkey) can be used as a secondary reference material provided detailed imaging of the crystals is undertaken. ID-TIMS data yielded ²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U and ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 20.4 ± 0.4 and 20.9 ± 1.0 Ma respectively, and yielded U-Pb ages on different grains of 20.5 ± 0.1, 20.7 ± 1.0, 20.8 ± 1.7 and 20.9 ± 1.6 Ma. The assigned weighted mean age of IUC-1 (20.4 ± 0.5 Ma, 2s) is proposed as a 2023 reference value. IUC-1 garnet is expected to contribute significantly to rapidly developing garnet geochronology in the near future.  相似文献   

Local site effects and dynamic soil behavior     

Erdal afak 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(5)

Amplitudes of seismic waves increase significantly as they pass through soft soil layers near the earth's surface. This phenomenon, commonly known as site amplification, is a major factor influencing the extent of damage on structures. It is crucial that site amplification is accounted for when designing structures on soft soils. The characteristics of site amplification at a given site can be estimated by analytical models, as well as field tests. Analytical models require as inputs the geometry of all soil layers from surface to bedrock, their dynamic properties (e.g. density, wave velocity, damping), and the incident bedrock motions. Field tests involve recording and analyzing the dynamic response of sites to artificial excitations, ambient forces, and actual earthquakes. The most reliable estimates of site amplification are obtained by analyzing the recorded motions of the site during strong earthquakes. This paper presents a review of the types and the generating mechanisms of site amplification, and the models and methods that are used to characterize them from earthquake records.  相似文献   

Gondwana and “Gondwanaland”: A discussion     

A. M. C. Şengör 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1983,72(1):397-400

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A fault zone cause of large amplification and damage in Avcılar (west of Istanbul) during 1999 Izmit earthquake     

Şamil Şen 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(3):351-363

Twenty seven buildings collapsed and 2076 buildings were heavily damaged during 17 August 1999 Izmit Earthquake in Avc?lar (west of Istanbul), which is nearly 100 km from the epicenter of the earthquake. The geology of Avc?lar consists of Upper Miocene poorly bounded conglomerate and sandstone (Çukurçe?me formation), claystone with sandstone and limestone interbedding (Güngören member) and limestone with sandstone and claystone interbedding (Bak?rköy formation). Lithological and geotechnical parameters of these formations in Avc?lar are not different from non damaged parts of the western Istanbul such as Zeytinburnu, Bak?rköy and Beylikdüzü, but these formations were cut by several faults in the damaged area. Collapsed and damaged buildings are located on this fault zone. Thus, cause of large amplification and damage in Avc?lar might be related with this fault zone because the fault zone behaves as a waveguide trapping seismic energy.  相似文献