Zeittafel     

W. F. de Jong  Erika Stradner 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1956,5(4):362-379

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Nachweis und Bestimmung geringster Nikotinkonzentrationen in Wasserproben     

H. R. Hegi  Erika Fischer  Erwin Märki 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1964,26(1):91-101

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Discussion on paper by J. A. Gutierrez and A. K. Chopra     

M. N. Aydinolu  Jorge A. Gutierrez  Anil K. Chopra 《地震工程与结构动力学》1979,7(2):193-194

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Reply to discussion By T. H. Lee and D. A. Wesley     

T. H. Lee  D. A. Wesley  Anil K. Chopra  Jorge A. Gutierrez 《地震工程与结构动力学》1974,3(4):402-402

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Recovery of minus ten micron cassiterite by liquid-liquid extraction     

G.Z. Zambrana  R.T. Medina  G.B. Gutierrez  R.R. Vargas 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1974,1(4):335-345

Fine-size cassiterite can be recovered by a liquid-liquid extraction process using low molecular weight petroleum derivatives and Aerosol-22 as collector. Parameters investigated in this study were pH, collector concentration, and rate of agitation. Depending on agitation rate and collector concentration, rougher concentrates can be up-graded by single cleaning to about 9% tin with a recovery of approximately 78%. After a second cleaning step, recovery decreases to about 50%, while grade increases to about 14% tin. The average tin enrichment ratios (related to the feed) are 6 and 9.4 respectively.  相似文献   

The distribution of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in iron-bearing tourmalines: A Mössbauer study     

Dr. Erika Hermon  Prof. D. J. Simkin  Prof. Gabrielle Donnay  Prof. W. B. Muir 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1973,19(2):124-132

Summary Room-temperature Mössbauer spectra of five iron-bearing tourmalines were measured and analyzed. The Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio and the iron occupancy of the Y and Z positions could be assigned to all samples, with the help of two previously well characterized samples, from Mexico and Madagascar. Ferric or ferrous ions or both partially occupy the Z as well as the Y octahedra. This fact of observation is interpreted as the chemical response, during crystal growth, to the requirement of size matching for the edge-sharing Y and Z oxygen octahedra. It accounts for the inexistence of solid solution between the Mg and (Li, Al) tourmalines.

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Die Verteilung von Fe²⁺ und Fe³⁺ in eisenhaltigen Turmalinen: Eine Mössbauer-Untersuchung

Zusammenfassung Mössbauer-Spektren von fünf eisenhaltigen Turmalinen wurden gemessen und analysiert. Das Verhältnis Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ und die Eisenverteilung konnten mit Hilfe von zwei gut identifizierten Turmalin-Kristallen von Mexiko und Madagascar für die Y-und Z-Lagen aller Exemplare bestimmt werden. Zweiwertiges sowie dreiwertiges Eisen findet sich sowohl in der Z-als auch in der Y-Lage. Da sich die Y-und Z-Oktaeder in einer gemeinsamen Kante treffen, wird diese Beobachtung als chemische Antwort des Kristalles auf die erforderte Größenanpassung der Y-und Z-Oktaeder während seines Wachstums erklärt. Die Abwesenheit der festen Lösung zwischen Dravit und Elbait kann somit erklärt werden.

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With 4 Figures  相似文献   

Der “Protocalcit” von Gumpoldskirchen (Niederösterreich)     

E. Schroll  Erika Stepán  W. Geymayer  H. Horn 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1965,10(1-4):573-585

Zusammenfassung In einem in Abbau befindlichen Steinbruch bei Gumpoldskirchen (Niederösterreich) wurde in Fugen und Hohlräumen eines Störungssystems von Hauptdolomit als rezente Verwitterungsbildung des Gesteins ein weißes, gelartiges Mineral aufgefunden, das einen Gehalt von mehr als 90% lose gebundenes Wasser aufweist. An der Luft trocknet die quallige Mineralbildung zu einem papierartigen Häutchen (Bergmilch oder Papierspat) und rekristallisiert unter natürlichen Bedingungen zu erdigen, weißen Krusten (Bergmehl). Die chemische Analyse, die Röntgendiffraktionsanalyse und Elektronenbeugungsaufnahmen zeigen einwandfrei, daß es sich, auch im wasserhaltigen Zustand, um Calciumcarbonat in der Modifikation des Calcites handelt. Die elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen erklären die Eigenschaften dieser Mineralbildung. Im wasserhaltigen Zustand sind wirrgelagerte Calcitfäden zu erkennen, deren Durchmesser ca. 500 Å beträgt. Das Wasser ist im Calcitfadengerüst als grobe Feuchtigkeit gebunden. Für die wasserhaltige Varietät (CaCO₃+xH₂O) wird der Name Protocalcit vorgeschlagen.

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Summary A white gel-like mineral containing more than 90% moisture was found in a quarry near Gumpoldskirchen (Lower Austria). The mineral had been formed recently in gaps and cavities of a fissure system in the Triassic Main Dolomite.Airdried, the jelly mineral turns into a paper-like skin (rockmilk) and can be recrystallised to a white earthy crust (rockflour).The chemical analysis, the X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction investigation show that the mineral is calcite, even it contains high amounts of water. The electronmicroscopical investigations explain the properties of this peculiar formation of the mineral. If the mineral is containing water, the filiform crystallites of calcite 500 Å of diameter are completely disorderd. The water is bound adsorptively in the framework of calcite crystallites. During the loss of water the filiform calcite crystalls are ordered more or less parallel to each other.The name protocalcite is proposed for this variety of calcite, which is containing variable amounts of water (CaCO₃+xH₂O).

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Mit 9 Textabbildungen

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Herrn Professor Dr.F. Machatschki zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献   

Soft-sediment deformation structures in Late Miocene–Pleistocene sediments on the pediment of the Mátra Hills (Visonta, Atkár, Verseg): Cryoturbation, load structures or seismites?     

Zolt  n Horv  th  Erika Mich  li  Andrea Mindszenty  Judit Ber  nyi-Ü  veges 《Tectonophysics》2005,410(1-4):81-95

The studied area, built up by silty clayey and partly sandy sediments and paleosols, lies on the tectonically active Northern margins of the Pannonian Basin. Wavy, sagging load casts can be observed in the upper part of the Late Miocene alluvial complex and larger scale sagging load casts, flame structures, drops and pillows detected in its Quaternary cover were studied in detail, in order to understand the origins of soft sediment deformation which characterized this young sedimentary suite. Sedimentological, paleopedological and mineralogical observations suggest that:

1. One of the reasons for the soft-sediment deformation might have been the relatively low cohesive strength of the predominantly smectitic sediment covering a gentle slope similar to the actual landscape.

2. On such a surface, the down-slope gravitational component of the mud-blanket might easily have been sufficient to overcome its cohesive strength.

3. Frost action traceable in the studied formations might also have contributed to the observed deformation, particularly along the eroded top of the Late Miocene sediments.

Combined evidence from field observations and laboratory analyses support the idea that liquefaction–fluidization was of prime importance in bringing about the observed structures. In conclusion two alternative Quaternary/Holocene scenarios are proposed, which might have resulted in the unusual behaviour of the sediments/paleosols. One is a seismic event, the other is the combined effect of freeze–thaw cycles and of the sloping foothill position, which might have resulted in episodic downslope transport and the associated deformation of the eroded soil material when its water content surpassed a certain threshold. We accept that the anomalous abundance of soft-sediment deformation in this marginal position may be causally related to paleo-earthquakes, but the obvious complexity of the phenomenon requires caution. In case the proposed scenarios would not have been alternatives but acted simultaneously, the analysed phenomena were to be interpreted as the joint results of tectonics and climate change.  相似文献   

Determination of the poroelasticity of shale     

Ma  Shuqi  Gutierrez  Marte 《Acta Geotechnica》2021,16(2):581-594

Shales play important roles in various civil, energy and environmental engineering applications. Shales are categorized as poroelastic materials due to their tight and very stiff structure, and reliable poroelastic properties are required when dealing with shales. This paper presents simple procedures to determine the poroelastic properties of rocks using oedometer and triaxial consolidation tests. The procedures, which avoid the difficulty to perform determination of the unjacketed bulk modulus of the rock minerals, are demonstrated on a North Sea shale. The experimentally obtained Biot coefficient α and the drained bulk modulus K of the shale range from 0.95 to 0.99, and from 0.17 to 2.00 GPa, respectively. The Biot coefficient α and the drained bulk modulus K values determined from the oedometer and triaxial tests are compared and show good agreement and consistency between the two test procedures. The Skempton’s coefficient B-value of the triaxial samples was also experimentally measured prior to the triaxial consolidation tests. The theoretically predicted B-value varies from 0.81 to 0.96 which is, on the average, only about 10% higher than the experimentally obtained B-value which range from 0.80 to 0.85.

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The Footprint Database and Web Services of the Herschel Space Observatory     

László Dobos  Erika Varga-Verebélyi  Eva Verdugo  David Teyssier  Katrina Exter  Ivan Valtchanov  Tamás Budavári  Csaba Kiss 《Experimental Astronomy》2016,42(2):139-164

Data from the Herschel Space Observatory is freely available to the public but no uniformly processed catalogue of the observations has been published so far. To date, the Herschel Science Archive does not contain the exact sky coverage (footprint) of individual observations and supports search for measurements based on bounding circles only. Drawing on previous experience in implementing footprint databases, we built the Herschel Footprint Database and Web Services for the Herschel Space Observatory to provide efficient search capabilities for typical astronomical queries. The database was designed with the following main goals in mind: (a) provide a unified data model for meta-data of all instruments and observational modes, (b) quickly find observations covering a selected object and its neighbourhood, (c) quickly find every observation in a larger area of the sky, (d) allow for finding solar system objects crossing observation fields. As a first step, we developed a unified data model of observations of all three Herschel instruments for all pointing and instrument modes. Then, using telescope pointing information and observational meta-data, we compiled a database of footprints. As opposed to methods using pixellation of the sphere, we represent sky coverage in an exact geometric form allowing for precise area calculations. For easier handling of Herschel observation footprints with rather complex shapes, two algorithms were implemented to reduce the outline. Furthermore, a new visualisation tool to plot footprints with various spherical projections was developed. Indexing of the footprints using Hierarchical Triangular Mesh makes it possible to quickly find observations based on sky coverage, time and meta-data. The database is accessible via a web site http://herschel.vo.elte.hu and also as a set of REST web service functions, which makes it readily usable from programming environments such as Python or IDL. The web service allows downloading footprint data in various formats including Virtual Observatory standards.  相似文献