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排序方式: 共有190条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Sotillo MG Fanjul EA Castanedo S Abascal AJ Menendez J Emelianov M Olivella R García-Ladona E Ruiz-Villarreal M Conde J Gómez M Conde P Gutierrez AD Medina R 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(4):686-703
The ESEOO Project, launched after the Prestige crisis, has boosted operational oceanography capacities in Spain, creating new operational oceanographic services and increasing synergies between these new operational tools and already existing systems. In consequence, the present preparedness to face an oil-spill crisis is enhanced, significantly improving the operational response regarding ocean, meteorological and oil-spill monitoring and forecasting. A key aspect of this progress has been the agreement between the scientific community and the Spanish Search and Rescue Institution (SASEMAR), significantly favoured within the ESEOO framework. Important achievements of this collaboration are: (1) the design of protocols that at the crisis time provide operational state-of-the-art information, derived from both forecasting and observing systems; (2) the establishment, in case of oil-spill crisis, of a new specialized unit, named USyP, to monitor and forecast the marine oceanographic situation, providing the required met-ocean and oil-spill information for the crisis managers. The oil-spill crisis scenario simulated during the international search and rescue Exercise "Gijón-2006", organized by SASEMAR, represented an excellent opportunity to test the capabilities and the effectiveness of this USyP unit, as well as the protocols established to analyze and transfer information. The results presented in this work illustrate the effectiveness of the operational approach, and constitute an encouraging and improved base to face oil-spill crisis. 相似文献
42.
F. Ruggieri V. Marín D. Gimeno J.L. Fernandez-Turiel M. García-Valles L. Gutierrez 《Engineering Geology》2008,101(3-4):245-250
Natural zeolitic rocks consisting mainly of chabazite-phillipsite, clinoptilolite, and volcanic glass have been evaluated by means of batch methods to remove arsenic from waters with different mineralization degree (from deionized water to natural water with a specific conductivity of 1,600 μS cm− 1). Arsenic was previously spiked in the studied waters at concentrations of about 100 µg l− 1 to simulate actual cases. The compositional range of natural waters is representative of large hydrogeochemical regions around the world. The experiments were focussed on the application of natural common zeolitic rocks to water treatment for human consumption. The removal efficiency observed rises, in the better cases, 60–80% for chabazite-phillipsite raw materials whereas is 40–60% for clinoptilolite-bearing ones. The arsenic removal tends to increase with water mineralization degree, independently of the zeolitic rock type. A large zeolitic content in the chabazite-phillipsite raw materials increase the removal. Instead, the inverse situation is observed in the clinoptilolite-bearing rocks. The relevance of the quantitative mineralogical analysis, determining also the content of volcanic glass, as well as the use of natural waters in the removal tests has been demonstrated. 相似文献
43.
Yaofa Jiang Erika R. Elswick Maria Mastalerz 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2008,73(3-4):273-284
Sulfur occurs in multiple mineral forms in coals, and its fate in coal combustion is still not well understood. The sulfur isotopic composition of coal from two coal mines in Indiana and fly ash from two power plants that use these coals were studied using geological and geochemical methods. The two coal beds are Middle Pennsylvanian in age; one seam is the low-sulfur (< 1%) Danville Coal Member of the Dugger Formation and the other is the high-sulfur (> 5%) Springfield Coal Member of the Petersburg Formation. Both seams have ash contents of approximately 11%. Fly-ash samples were collected at various points in the ash-collection system in the two plants. The results show notable difference in δ34S for sulfur species within and between the low-sulfur and high-sulfur coal. The δ34S values for all sulfur species are exclusively positive in the low-sulfur Danville coal, whereas the δ34S values for sulfate, pyritic, and organic sulfur are both positive and negative in the high-sulfur Springfield coal. Each coal exhibits a distinct pattern of stratigraphic variation in sulfur isotopic composition. Overall, the δ34S for sulfur species values increase up the section in the low-sulfur Danville coal, whereas they show a decrease up the vertical section in the high-sulfur Springfield coal. Based on the evolution of δ34S for sulfur species, it is suggested that there was influence of seawater on peat swamp, with two marine incursions occurring during peat accumulation of the high-sulfur Springfield coal. Therefore, bacterial sulfate reduction played a key role in converting sulfate into hydrogen sulfide, sulfide minerals, and elemental sulfur. The differences in δ34S between sulfate sulfur and pyritic sulfur is very small between individual benches of both coals, implying that some oxidation occurred during deposition or postdeposition.The δ34S values for fly ash from the high-sulfur Springfield coal (averaging 9.7‰) are greatly enriched in 34S relative to those in the parent coal (averaging 2.2‰). This indicates a fractionation of sulfur isotopes during high-sulfur coal combustion. By contrast, the δ34S values for fly-ash samples from the low-sulfur Danville coal average 10.2‰, only slightly enriched in 34S relative to those from the parent coal (average 7.5‰). The δ34S values for bulk S determined directly from the fly-ash samples show close correspondence with the δ34S values for SO4− 2 leached from the fly ash in the low-sulfur coal, suggesting that the transition from pyrite to sulfate occurred via high-temperature oxidation during coal combustion. 相似文献
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46.
Papathoma-Koehle Maria Promper Catrin Bojariu Roxana Cica Roxana Sik Andrs Perge Kinga Lszl Peter Czikora Erika Balzs Dumitrescu Alexandru Turcus Cosmin Birsan Marius-Victor Velea Liliana Glade Thomas 《Natural Hazards》2016,81(1):89-115
This paper reports on a quantitative estimation of the risk to residents at the toe of Mount Albino, a carbonatic relief covered by shallow deposits of pyroclastic soils, which threatens the municipality of Nocera Inferiore (southern Italy). The quantitative risk analysis (QRA) focuses on one type of mass transport phenomena typical for the context at hand, namely the hyperconcentrated flows. The methodological approach includes three main steps: hazard analysis, consequence analysis and risk estimation. Based on historical incident data, the hazard analysis makes use of a high-resolution digital terrain model and advanced models that incorporate relevant geological and geotechnical input data collected via in situ investigations and laboratory tests. The consequence analysis takes into account information on the exposed persons (age, gender) and their vulnerability. The estimated risk to life is calculated at the individual level (risk to the average and most exposed person). The reported procedure is one of the first QRA’s applications to instabilities which potentially affect natural slopes in Italy, and it was successfully used as technical basis for a public participatory process in Nocera Inferiore, designed and developed to support decisions about risk mitigation measures. 相似文献
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48.
Novelo-Casanova David A. Suárez Gerardo Cabral-Cano Enrique Fernández-Torres Enrique A. Fuentes-Mariles Oscar A. Havazli Emre Jaimes Miguel Á. López-Espinoza Erika D. Martin-Del Pozzo Ana Lillian Morales-Barrera Wendy V. Morales-Rodríguez Hipólito L. Nieto-Torres Amiel Rodríguez-Elizarrarás Sergio R. Solano-Rojas Darío Velasco-Herrera Victor M. 《Natural Hazards》2022,111(1):411-437
Natural Hazards - We present a Risk Atlas of Mexico City based on a Geographical Information System (RA-GIS). We identified the prevalent social risk to the more relevant hazards in Mexico City... 相似文献
49.
C. M. Copperwheat I. A. Steele R. M. Barnsley S. D. Bates D. Bersier M. F. Bode D. Carter N. R. Clay C. A. Collins M. J. Darnley C. J. Davis C. M. Gutierrez D. J. Harman P. A. James J. H. Knapen S. Kobayashi J. M. Marchant P. A. Mazzali C. J. Mottram C. G. Mundell A. Newsam A. Oscoz E. Palle A. Piascik R. Rebolo R. J. Smith 《Experimental Astronomy》2015,39(1):119-165
50.
Soonkie Nam Marte Gutierrez Panayiotis Diplas John Petrie Alexandria Wayllace Ning Lu Juan Jorge Muñoz 《Engineering Geology》2010,110(1-2):1-10
The soil water characteristic curve (SWCC), also known as soil water retention curve (SWRC), describes the relationship between water content and soil suction in unsaturated soils. Water content and suction affect the permeability, shear strength, volume change and deformability of unsaturated soils. This paper presents results of the laboratory determination of the SWCC for soil samples obtained from the riverbank of the Lower Roanoke River in North Carolina. Six different testing methods were used to establish the SWCC including the filter paper, dewpoint potentiameter, vapor equilibrium, pressure plate, Tempe cell and osmotic methods. It is concluded that each suction measurement technique provides different measurable ranges of suction values, and the combined results from the different tests provide continuous SWCCs. Three widely available models were also shown to adequately fit the experimental SWCC data, particularly for matric suction values under 1500 kPa. These results will be valuable to practitioners in deciding which methods to use to establish the SWCC, and which empirical relationship to use for modeling the SWCC of riverbank soils. 相似文献