Acid leaching of ash and coal: Time dependence and trace element occurrences     

Mehtap Paul  Meryem Seferinoğlu  Gul Asiye Ayçık  Åke Sandström  Michael L. Smith  Jan Paul 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006

The leaching of coal and coal/asphaltite/wood-ashes in sulfuric acid (pH 1.0, 25 °C, S/L, 1:10) was studied as a function of time; acid consumption and extracted metal concentrations are presented. Whole coals consumed acid rapidly during the first few minutes, followed by slow acid consumption. Wood-, lignite-, and asphaltite-ashes consumed acid in two stages, the rapid phase extending < 30 min and the slow phase extended up to 10 days. The rapid phase was dominated by the dissolution of Ca, K and Mg ions for wood-ash, by Ca, Al and Mg ions for lignite-ash and Ca and Mg ions for asphaltite-ash. The sulfur concentration in solution and the concentrations of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Al and Mn in the aqueous phase verified the neutralizing capacity of the untreated ashes as well as the formation of insoluble sulfates in the residues. The slow phase kinetics differed for different fuels and exhibited leaching of several abundant elements—Fe, Al, K, Na and Mn. Trace elements (Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Th, U, V, Zn) sometimes required up to 32 h for maximal extraction from ashes. Suggestions are presented regarding the chemical nature of trace elements in the untreated coals and ashes and suitable residence times for economical industrial processes. We think it possible to combine bacteriological oxidation of sulfidic concentrates of acid leaching from ash of various qualities or even whole coals.  相似文献   

厚层覆盖区综合物化探方法找金试验研究——以广西兴安金石金矿为例     

胡云沪  罗先熔  王桂琴  杜建波  张小路 《矿产与地质》2002,(5)

在兴安金石金矿外围 4号分散流异常区 ,通过地电化学提取金测量法 ,查明测区存在 5个走向规模小于 5 0 m的金异常区 ,W( Au) 最大值为 72 .4× 10 - 9,高出背景值十几倍 ,并藉综合土壤吸附汞测量 ,高精度磁测和激发极化法等多种物化探方法来确定这些异常区的地质、地球化学和地球物理特征 ,提出金矿成矿的有利部位在金的地电提取高异常区、高汞量异常区、高磁性异常区、低视电阻率异常区和中等视极化率异常区的“三高一低一中”的找矿模式。确定测区的北北东角 (右下角 )一带具备有利的金矿成矿条件  相似文献   

Series approximation of the Kirchhoff method for wavefield computation on a rough subsurface     

Selma Kadio&#;lu  Turan Kayiran 《Geophysical Prospecting》2002,50(2):239-257

ABSTRACT Computation of the wavefield due to reflection from an irregular surface is carried out for subsurfaces with large radii of curvature. The Kirchhoff approximation is proved to be sufficiently accurate provided that the acoustic wavelength is sufficiently small with respect to the asperities of the rough surface. For cases where the irregular surface does not fulfil this condition, a series solution is proposed. The first term of this series appears to be the result obtained by conventional Kirchhoff approximation. The series, initially developed in the space–wavenumber domain by Meecham, is transformed into the space–time domain, and the general expression for the series is obtained by calculation of the normal derivative of the field function. The series solution, restricted to the first two terms, is illustrated by application to three synthetic examples. Applications show that the series approximation obtained by the Kirchhoff method contributes significantly to the modelling of narrow, steep and deep structures and consequently it appears that the second term in the series cannot be ignored in the computation of the wavefields arising from a rough surface.  相似文献   

红壤丘陵区农业开发中的生态环境效应及其调控   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周炳中  杨浩  周生路  张震宇  张红 《地域研究与开发》2002,21(4):14-19

文章以江西余江县为例。通过实验研究，历史资料对比分析及邻近参照等方法。研究红壤区农业开发中的生态环境效应。农业开发引起的微观环境效应在于改变土壤水分及其运动状况，加速土壤物质迁移及降低土壤肥力质量；区域性效应是植被减少，农业面源污染，水土流失扩大及气候异常；全球性影响除区域集聚效应外，则是农业活动中产生的温室气体对全球气候的影响等，采取的调控对策主要是：保持合理开发，适当减轻土地压力，优化农业开发模式，更新农业耕作技术。强化环境整治与生态建设。  相似文献   

罗汉寺岩群地质特征、时代及意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李雄  李海平  陈隽璐 《陕西地质》2003,21(2):57-61

罗汉寺岩群位于华北板块和扬子板块主缝合带商丹构造带内，区域上呈构造岩片夹持于商丹构造带内，东西断续延长达百公里。文中从岩石地层、岩石学、地球化学等方面论述了罗汉寺岩群的地质特征、形成时代，进而探讨了其地质意义。  相似文献   

A unified formulation of the piecewise exact method for inelastic seismic demand analysis including the P‐delta effect     

M. N. Ayd&#x;nolu  Y. M. Fahjan 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(6):871-890

The non‐linear analysis of single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems provides the essential background information for both strength‐based design and displacement‐based evaluation/design methodologies through the development of the inelastic response spectra. The recursive solution procedure called the piecewise exact method, which is efficiently used for the response analysis of linear SDOF systems, is re‐formulated in this paper in a unified format to analyse the non‐linear SDOF systems with multi‐linear hysteresis models. The unified formulation is also capable of handling the P‐delta effect, which generally involves the negative post‐yield stiffness of the hysteresis loops. The attractiveness of the method lies in the fact that it provides the exact solution when the loading time history is composed of piecewise linear segments, a condition that is perfectly satisfied for the earthquake excitation. Based on simple recursive relationships given for positive, negative and zero effective stiffnesses, the unified form of the piecewise exact method proves to be an extremely powerful and probably the best tool for the SDOF inelastic time‐history and response spectrum analysis including the P‐delta effect. A number of examples are presented to demonstrate the implementation of the method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Estimation of fundamental periods of shear‐wall dominant building structures     

Can Balkaya  Erol Kalkan 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(7):985-998

Shear‐wall dominant multistorey reinforced concrete structures, constructed by using a special tunnel form technique are commonly built in countries facing a substantial seismic risk, such as Chile, Japan, Italy and Turkey. In spite of their high resistance to earthquake excitations, current seismic code provisions including the Uniform Building Code (International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, CA, 1997) and the Turkish Seismic Code (Specification for Structures to be Built in Disaster Areas, Ankara, Turkey, 1998) present limited information for their design criteria. In this study, consistency of equations in those seismic codes related to their dynamic properties are investigated and it is observed that the given empirical equations for prediction of fundamental periods of this specific type of structures yield inaccurate results. For that reason, a total of 80 different building configurations were analysed by using three‐dimensional finite‐element modelling and a set of new empirical equations was proposed. The results of the analyses demonstrate that given formulas including new parameters provide accurate predictions for the broad range of different architectural configurations, roof heights and shear‐wall distributions, and may be used as an efficient tool for the implicit design of these structures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

电子政务建设应注意军事应用的几个问题     

胡丹露 《测绘科学》2003,28(1):45-47

电子政务的运行模式必将促使国防动员、军队决策指挥 ,以及战场信息应用等环节发生相应的变化。建设电子政务将促进国防动员工作规范化、制度化 ,将创造条件实现政府对军队的信息支援 ,将有利于未来战争数字战场环境建设。建设电子政务系统和“数字城市”、“数字省区”时 ,应结合国防动员和信息支援的问题从顶层构架 ,统盘考虑军事应用 ,同时制定法规和标准  相似文献   

Complete Tertiary exhumation history of the Menderes massif, western Turkey: an alternative working hypothesis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gürol Seyito&#;lu  Veysel I&#;&#;k  &#;brahim Çemen 《地学学报》2004,16(6):358-364

The main exhumation of the Menderes massif, western Turkey, occurred along an originally N‐dipping Datça–Kale main breakaway fault that controlled depositions in the Kale and the Gökova basins during the Oligocene – Early Miocene interval. The isostatically controlled upward bending of the main breakaway fault brings the lower plate rocks to the surface. In the Early Miocene, E–W‐trending N‐ and S‐dipping graben‐bounding faults fragmented the exhumed, dome‐shaped massif. The development of half grabens by rolling master fault hinges has allowed further exhumation of the central Menderes massif. After the Pliocene, high‐angle normal faults cut all of the previous structures. This model suggests that the Menderes massif is a single large metamorphic core complex that has experienced a two‐stage exhumation process.  相似文献   

Discussion of the paper ‘An empirical attenuation relationship for Northwestern Turkey ground motion using a random effects approach’     

Polat Gülkan  Erol Kalkan   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2005,25(11):889-891

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