Confounding response of macrofauna from a confluence of impacts: brine and sewage pollution     

Rodrigo Rier  Fernando Tuy  Myriam Rodr&#;guez  &#;scar Monterroso  Eva Ramos 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(10):74-81

Throughout the shores of the world,a confluence of different sources of pollution is common,e.g.,through outlets releasing brine,industrial,and domestic sewage.In this study,we assessed whether a combined disposal of domestic sewage and brine altered the patterns of abundance and assemblage structure of subtidal macrofauna inhabiting sandy seabeds on the south coast of Gran Canaria(Canary Islands,NE Atlantic Ocean).Samples were collected in two surveys(May 2008 and January 2009)at three distances(0,15,and30 m)away from the discharge point.Macrofaunal abundances showed different patterns with varying proximity from the disposal point in the two surveys.In May 2008,lower abundances were observed at0 m(53.89±46.82 ind.)than at 15 m(120±91.7 ind.)and 30 m(283.89±189.33 ind.)away from the disposal point.In January 2009,however,higher abundances were observed at 0 m(131.33±58.69 ind.)than at 30 m(100±24.44 ind.)and 15 m(84.78±58.39 ind.)away from the disposal point.Significant differences in macrofaunal assemblage structure were found with varying proximity from the discharge point in both surveys.The effect of proximity from the disposal point was confounded by changes in sedimentary composition between surveys,which contributed to explain differences in macrofaunal abundances and assemblage structure with varying proximity from the discharge point.As a result,confounding drivers of macrofaunal assemblage structure,here,changes in sediment composition,accounted for changes in macrofaunal abundances and assemblage structure with varying proximity from a combined disposal point of brine and sewage.  相似文献   

The combined inelastic neutron scattering and solid state DFT study of hydrogen atoms dynamics in a highly ordered kaolinite     

Ľubomír Smrčok  Daniel Tunega  Anibal Javier Ramirez-Cuesta  Eva Scholtzová 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2010,37(8):571-579

The dynamics of the hydrogen atoms in the highly ordered kaolinite was studied by vibrational spectroscopy based on inelastic neutron scattering method with the focus on the spectral region of 100–1,250 cm⁻¹. The experimental spectrum was interpreted by means of the solid state density functional theory calculations covering both normal mode analysis and molecular dynamics going beyond the harmonic approximation. The Al–O–H bending modes were found to be spread over the large interval of 100–1,100 cm⁻¹, with the dominant contributions located between 800 and 1,100 cm^-1. The shapes of the individual hydrogen spectra depend on the strengths of the individual interlayer O–H···O hydrogen bonds involving the inner surface hydroxyl groups. The modes assigned to the in-plane movements of the respective hydrogen atoms are well-defined and always appear on the top of the intervals of energy transfer. In contrast, the modes generated by the out-of-plane movements are spread over large intervals of energies spanning down to the region of external (lattice) modes.  相似文献   

For a Europe of flexible regions and not of region-states divided by ethnicity     

Fabrizio Eva 《GeoJournal》2000,52(2):295-301

Discussion of the future of Europe continues to be a marginal political issue, partly because of the resistance of states, on both the practical (bureaucratic) and conceptual levels, created by the government leaders and heads of state. In turn, the nation-states are challenged from within by independent and separatist movements that have laid bare the fundamental hypocrisy of rhetorical discussions of the principle regarding the self-determination of peoples; interfering with states (and their borders) has proven to be a taboo for Europe. The growing flexibility of the globalised economy should be paralleled by a growing flexibility in the conception of the division and political organisation of territory, but this is not the case. Further inflexibility stems from the socio-economic inequity that we accept in our daily lives as normal, in particular as regards inequality in the use and division of territory. Equality, or better egaliberté (equality and liberty), is a sufficiently dynamic and flexible concept to be taken as a point of reference in envisaging the society, Europe, and world of tomorrow. It is only through the concept of egaliberté that we can imagine a Europe based on relations between regions that are conceived and organised on multiple scales and not as region-nations conceived on the basis of ethnicity or in the name of supposed cultural homogeneity.  相似文献   

Spatial Modeling for Base-Metal Mineral Exploration Through Integration of Geological Data Sets     

Venkataraman  G.  Madhavan  B. Babu  Ratha  D. S.  Antony  Joju P.  Goyal  R. S.  Banglani  S.  Roy  S. Sinha 《Natural Resources Research》2000,9(1):27-42

This study involves the integration of information interpreted from data sets such as LandsatTM, Airborne magnetic, geochemical, geological, and ground-based data of Rajpura—Dariba,Rajasthan, India through GIS with the help of (1) Bayesian statistics based on the weights ofevidence method and (2) a fuzzy logic algorithm to derive spatial models to target potentialbase-metal mineralized areas for future exploration. Of the 24 layers considered, five layers(graphite mica schist (GMS), calc-silicate marble (CALC), NE-SW lineament 0–2000 mcorridor (L4-NESW), Cu 200–250 ppm, and Pb 200–250 ppm) have been identified from theBayesian approach on the basis of contrast. Thus, unique conditions were formed based onthe presence and absence of these five map patterns, which are converted to estimate posteriorprobabilities. The final map, based on the same data used to determine the relationships, showsfour classes of potential zones of sulfide mineralization on the basis of posterior probability.In the fuzzy set approach, membership functions of the layers such as CALC, GMS, NE-SWlineament corridor maps, Pb, and Cu geochemical maps have been integrated to obtain thefinal potential map showing four classes of favorability index.  相似文献   

Deconstructing Italy: (Northern) Italians and their new perception of territoriality     

Fabrizio Eva 《GeoJournal》1999,48(2):101-107

The nineties will go down in Italian history as the decade of great political change. By way of emphasising this change, the media and politicians use the expressions `Prima Repubblica' and `Seconda Repubblica' (first and second republics), adopting the terminology used by the French for their `republics'. During the so-called First Republic (1948–1994), the centrist Christian Democrat Party represented the moderate political force in every government. However, the corruption trials of 1992–1993, which involved many of this party's members, led to its collapse at the ballot box. In northern Italy, a consequence of the demise of the Christian Democrats was the resounding success of the Lega Nord at the local government elections of 1993 and the general election of 1994. The Lega Nord based, and continues to base, its success on the use of ethno-nationalist slogans and catchcries. Italy has an ancient tradition – dating at least from the fall of the Roman Empire – of political and linguistic splintering. Given today's situation, this factor may have impacts at the level of the structure of the state: federalism, special statutes for regions and/or provinces, the decentralization of the state, and so on. For the first time for perhaps more than a century, in this new period of uncertain political change, Italians are increasingly viewing territory and its characteristics as politically relevant. Justifications for `national' cohesion are being rediscovered, or invented, at the local level, transforming it into political claims. Italians have begun to talk about relationships with territories and neighbouring groups from a different perspective. At present, traditional political parties and politicians are too slow and insufficiently focused in their response to the rising call for autonomy and decision-making authority at the local level. This factor has provided the time and space for isolationist and culturally self-reliant localist ideologies to propagate. It is impossible to say how long this period of transition will last and what its outcomes will be. The three main choices now facing Italians would be appear to be:(1) reclaim the nationalist sentiment of a united state (abandoned after the Fascist era);(2) provide the space (ideological and territorial) for the numerous localist nationalisms;(3) construct a real and flexible `localist' democracy for Italy as a whole.  相似文献   

Multi-platform model assessment in the Western Mediterranean Sea: impact of downscaling on the surface circulation and mesoscale activity     

Aguiar  Eva  Mourre  Baptiste  Juza  Mélanie  Reyes  Emma  Hernández-Lasheras  Jaime  Cutolo  Eugenio  Mason  Evan  Tintoré  Joaquín 《Ocean Dynamics》2020,70(2):273-288

Ocean Dynamics - In numerical ocean modeling, dynamical downscaling is the approach consisting in generating high-resolution regional simulations exploiting the information from coarser resolution...  相似文献   

Seismic time‐lapse imaging using interferometric least‐squares migration: Case study          下载免费PDF全文

Mrinal Sinha  Gerard T. Schuster 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(8):1457-1474

Seismic time‐lapse surveys are susceptible to repeatability errors due to varying environmental conditions. To mitigate this problem, we propose the use of interferometric least‐squares migration to estimate the migration images for the baseline and monitor surveys. Here, a known reflector is used as the reference reflector for interferometric least‐squares migration, and the data are approximately redatumed to this reference reflector before imaging. This virtual redatuming mitigates the repeatability errors in the time‐lapse migration image. Results with synthetic and field data show that interferometric least‐squares migration can sometimes reduce or eliminate artifacts caused by non‐repeatability in time‐lapse surveys and provide a high‐resolution estimate of the time‐lapse change in the reservoir.  相似文献   

Linking hydrology and sediment dynamics of large alluvial rivers to landscape diversity in the Ganga dispersal system,India          下载免费PDF全文

Nonigopal G. Roy  Rajiv Sinha 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(7):1078-1091

Discharge and sediment load data for several stations along the Ganga River and its major tributaries in the western Ganga plains (WGP) for a period of ~30 years have been analysed to understand the hydrological characteristics and sediment dynamics. In terms of hydrology, the rivers are less flood‐prone than believed, exceeding bankfull discharges less frequently than the expected 1.5 year return interval. This has been attributed to the rivers of this region occupying incised valleys formed in the Late Quaternary period. Rivers draining the WGP are supply‐limited systems compared to those draining the eastern Ganga plains (EGP) which have been characterized as transport‐limited systems. We suggest that such geomorphic diversity as a function of spatial variability in precipitation regime and hinterland geology has existed for at least the Late Quaternary period and they in turn influence the modern day hydrology of the river systems in a significant way. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

VFPI: an isolation device for aseismic design     

M. Pranesh  Ravi Sinha 《地震工程与结构动力学》2000,29(5):603-627

Sliding isolators with curved surface are effective base isolation systems incorporating isolation, energy dissipation and restoring mechanism in one unit. However, practical utility of these systems, such as friction pendulum system (FPS) has limitations due to constant isolator period and restoring force characteristics. A new isolator called the variable frequency pendulum isolator (VFPI) that overcomes these limitations while retaining all the advantages has been described in this paper. VFPI has oscillation frequency decreasing with sliding displacement, and the restoring force has an upper bound so that the force transmitted to the structure is limited. The mathematical formulations for the response of a SDOF structure and energy balance are also described. Parametric studies have been carried out to critically examine the behaviour of structures isolated with VFPI, FPS and PF system. From these investigations, it is concluded that the VFPI combines the advantages of both FPS and PF system, without their undesirable properties. The VFPI performance is also found to be stable during low‐intensity excitations, and fail‐safe during high‐intensity excitations. VFPI is found to exhibit robust performance for a wide range of structure, isolator and ground motion characteristics clearly demonstrating its advantages. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Holocene landscape reconstruction in the surroundings of the Temple of Pepi I at ancient Bubastis,southeastern Nile Delta (Egypt)     

Philipp Garbe  Amr Abd El-Raouf  Ashraf Es-Senussi  Eva Lange-Athinodorou  Julia Meister 《Geoarchaeology》2024,39(1):17-34

In ancient Egypt, lakes, canals, and other water bodies were an essential part of the sacred landscape in which temples were embedded. In recent years, geoarchaeological research at the site of the Temple of Bastet at Bubastis in the southeastern Nile Delta has proven the existence of two water canals surrounding the temple. It has now been investigated whether these canals were connected to the Temple of Pepi I (2300–2250 B.C.E.), located approximately 100 m to the west of the Temple of Bastet. To explore the Holocene landscape genesis of the Temple of Pepi I, 15 drillings and six geoelectrical profile lines were performed in the surroundings of the temple in spring 2022. The results show loamy to clayey sediments in deeper sections of all drillings with a maximum thickness of 1.70 m, indicating a marshy or swampy depositional environment. Based on the recovered sediment sequences and archaeological remains in the vicinity of the Temple of Pepi I, the marshy or swampy area existed before the Fourth Dynasty. During the Old Kingdom (ca. 2850–2180 B.C.E.), the former marshland either dried up through natural processes or was intentionally drained and filled with sediments for subsequent use for occupation. Regarding the original research question, there is as yet no evidence for a direct connection to the canals of the Temple of Bastet.  相似文献