Protein carbonyls and antioxidant defenses in corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) from a heavy metal polluted and a PAH polluted site     

Almroth BC  Sturve J  Stephensen E  Holth TF  Förlin L 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(2):271-277

The use of fish in environmental monitoring has become increasingly important in recent years as anthropogenic substances, many of which function as prooxidants, are accumulating in aquatic environments. We have measured a battery of antioxidant defenses as a measure of oxidative status, as well as protein carbonylation as a measure of oxidative damage, in corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) captured near a disused copper mine, where water and sediment are contaminated with heavy metals, and an aluminum smelter, a site contaminated with PAHs. Results were compared to two different reference sites. Fish at the heavy metal site had lower glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and elevated protein carbonyls (1.8 times) compared to fish from the reference site. At the PAH site, EROD was increased 2-fold, while total glutathione and methemoglobin reductase concentration, were decreased. No differences were seen in protein carbonyl levels at the PAH site. Measures of both antioxidant defenses and oxidative damage should be used when assessing effects of xenobiotics on oxidative stress in fish species.  相似文献   

The amphipod Talitrus saltator as a bioindicator of human trampling on sandy beaches     

Ugolini A  Ungherese G  Somigli S  Galanti G  Baroni D  Borghini F  Cipriani N  Nebbiai M  Passaponti M  Focardi S 《Marine environmental research》2008,65(4):349-357

The present paper assesses the use of the supralittoral amphipod Talitrus saltator as a bioindicator of the effects of human trampling on the supralittoral sandy band. Samplings in delimited areas were carried out at sites subjected to different human impact. The results showed a strong negative correlation between the number of swimmers and the sandhopper population density, while there was no clear relationship between sandhopper abundance and the other factors considered: granulometry, compactness and organic carbon content of the sand, and trace metal contents in the sand and sandhoppers. A field test of trampling conducted in a confined space showed its direct negative effect on sandhopper survival. However, trace metal analysis confirmed the ability of T. saltator to bioaccumulate some elements (Hg, Zn, Cu, Cd). Our study demonstrates that T. saltator is a good bioindicator of human impact in the supralittoral zone of sandy shores.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of trace metal contamination in sediments: the example of Ensenada and El Sauzal, two harbors in Baja California, Mexico   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Huerta-Diaz MA  Delgadillo-Hinojosa F  Hernández-Ayón M  Segovia-Zavala JA  García-Esquivel Z  López-Zárate H  Siqueiros-Valencia A  Galindo-Bect S 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(3):345-358

Total metal concentrations in sediments from within Ensenada and El Sauzal Harbors are generally higher than at the mouths. Grain-size analyses suggested that this enrichment could be due to the presence of fine-grained sediments in the inner part of the harbors rather than to anthropogenic perturbations. The (Me/Al)(sample) ratios for Pb, Co, Ni and Fe were significantly higher for Ensenada Harbor relative to El Sauzal Harbor, whereas the ratios for Cd, Mn, Zn and Cu were statistically equivalent for both harbors. Calculated enrichment factors [EF(Me)=(Me/Al)(sample)/(Me/Al)(shale)] indicated that the metals showing slight enrichment were those associated with anthropogenic contamination (Pb, Zn), or probably related to primary productivity in the water column (Cd, Co). The levels of most of the metals were not greatly enriched, a consideration that is of the utmost importance when contamination issues are at stake.  相似文献   

Comet assay in phytoplankton as biomarker of genotoxic effects of environmental pollution   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Akcha F  Arzul G  Rousseau S  Bardouil M 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(1):59-61

The alkaline comet assay was tested on different microalgae: the dinoflagellates, Karenia mikimotoi and Alexandrium minutum, and the diatom, Chaetoceros gracilis. The microalgae were exposed during their exponential growth to the model direct genotoxicant, hydrogen peroxide (1h, 5 and 100muM H2O2). Following H2O2 exposure, the comet assay was validated only for K. mikimotoi for which genotoxicity was observed from the lowest tested concentration of 5 microM with a concentration-dependent effect. C. gracilis was too small in size (4 microm) to be correctly analysed. For A. minutum, our lysis buffer was not strong enough to digest the cellulosic thecal plates. For K. mikimotoi, the comet assay was thus applied for the study of the genotoxic effects of different pesticides: epoxiconazole (as Opus formulation), chlorpyriphos-ethyl (as Dursban formulation) and endosulfan at 1, 10 and 100 microg of active substance/L for 24h. Exposure to epoxiconazole in formulation resulted in an increase in the extent of DNA strand breaks at the highest tested concentration icro/L. Endosulfan exposure resulted in DNA damage for K. mikimotoi nuclei. Genotoxicity was observed from 1 microg/L of endosulfan and was not concentration dependent.  相似文献   

个体移动轨迹—滑动窗口方法与航空流异常变化识别——以京沪空中廊道为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高伟  路紫  董雅晴 《地理与地理信息科学》2019,35(6)

航空流异常变化识别是解释空中廊道拥堵和空域资源充分利用以及航空流重新分配的一个重要基础性课题。该文设计了个体移动轨迹—滑动窗口方法,选取京沪空中廊道内全部航线和机场为研究对象,从FlightAware系统中获得1日17 h全部航班的航迹点数据,识别了异常流量密度、异常区域和异常移动轨迹。研究认为:1)利用移动描述符(飞行弧)在时态数据流支持下所设计的方法,能实现个体移动点的分时段分配和时空一体化表达。2)依据该方法识别的京沪空中廊道航空流异常流量密度(峰值高点以及运动)、异常区域(约束区域和空闲区域)、异常移动轨迹(速度变化与绕飞、方向变化与盘旋),不仅揭示出时空路径中的航空流隐藏信息以及时空运动规律,而且支持了航线更改决策制定。  相似文献   

胶州湾沉积物中石油降解菌的降解能力及多样性研究     

高伟  高祥兴  米铁柱  韩彬  张毅然  李馨子  尹晓斐  孙承君  李倩  崔志松  栾晓  于志刚  郑立 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(6):54-64

2013年青岛输油管道爆炸,大量石油污染了附近海岸。课题组采集了污染的沉积物样品,以原油为唯一碳源和能源,富集了四个石油降解菌群。生物多样性和群落分析表明,Luteibacter、Parvibaculum 和属于食烷菌科的一个属是降解菌群的主要优势菌,都属于变形菌门。从石油降解菌群中分离筛选,获得了9株具有不同16S rRNA基因序列的降解菌,分别属于8个属。重量法测定降解菌的石油降解率,其中5株的石油降解率大于30%。GC-MS分析结果表明,石油降解菌多倾向于降解烷烃,对多环芳烃的降解能力较差,其中5株细菌的烷烃降解率较大,仅1株菌D2对多环芳烃的降解率较大,其降解率在34.9%到77.5%。通过对高通量数据的分析,表明食烷菌属是菌群A和菌群E的主要降解菌群,其中筛选获得的菌株E4可能是菌群E的一株优势降解菌。本研究所筛选菌株证明了其石油降解潜力,为油污染海滩生物修复提供了菌株资源。  相似文献   

海岛环境下采石边坡的监测系统构建研究———以山东北长山岛山后村为例          下载免费PDF全文

刘乐军  李培英  王东亮  赵凯  高伟  李萍 《海洋科学进展》2019,37(1)

我国93%的海岛为基岩岛,大多数海岛上存在着开山采石的开发行为,极易引发边坡失稳或崩塌滑坡等危害。进行海岛灾害监测,及时了解海岛灾害发生、发展和危害过程,是海岛灾害防治的重要手段。由于海岛特殊的自然环境和较为薄弱的基础设施,灾害监视监测工作相对滞后。基于山东北长山岛山后村采石边坡监测系统的构建、运行等遇到的具体问题,开展海岛环境下采石边坡的灾害监测系统技术探讨,分析不同监测技术方法在海岛环境中的适用性和实用性,并提出了海岛边坡监测系统构建和运行维护时的注意事项和建议,为后续海岛地质灾害监测系统建设提供参考与借鉴。  相似文献   

发光细菌法对北戴河湿地沉积物遗传毒性的评价          下载免费PDF全文

赵昔龙  李倩  张佳林  林法祥  高伟  韩彬  崔志松  李景喜  郑立 《海洋科学进展》2019,37(3)

针对蓬莱19-3油田溢油事故造成的秦皇岛北戴河湿地植被退化,通过种植湿地植被碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)和海韭菜(Triglochin palustre)对受损湿地进行修复。为评价修复效果,分析了8个站位在修复前(2016-11)和修复后(2017-07)沉积物中多环芳烃、石油烃和重金属的含量变化,同时采用发光细菌法评价其遗传毒性。结果显示,沉积物中多环芳烃和石油烃的含量在修复后下降明显,降解率范围分别为82.57%～97.45%和60.99%～98.99%。此外,修复前多数样品表现出较强的遗传毒性,发光细菌法显示沉积物遗传毒性的丝裂霉素C(Mitomycin C,简称MMC)的等当量浓度范围为-2.042～2.018 mg/L,4个站位为高毒,中毒和低毒的站位各有2个;修复后,沉积物的遗传毒性明显降低,其MMC的等当量浓度范围为-0.574～0.015 mg/L,所有站位均为低毒。研究表明,湿地植被的修复显著提高了湿地的生态环境质量,且发光细菌法可作为快速评价湿地沉积物遗传毒性的检测方法。  相似文献   

A New Emission Mode of PSR B1859+07     

Tao Wang  P.F.Wang  J.L.Han  Yi Yan  Ye-Zhao Yu  Feifei Kou 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2023,(10):178-185

Previous studies have identified two emission modes in PSR B1859+07: a normal mode that has three prominent components in the average profile, with the trailing one being the brightest, and an anomalous mode(i.e., the A mode) where emissions seem to be shifted to an earlier phase. Within the normal mode, further analysis has revealed the presence of two submodes, i.e., the cW mode and c B mode, where the central component can appear either weak or bright. As for the anomalous mode, a new bright ...  相似文献   

布莱克海岭区天然气水合物的评价     

Makogon Y F  吴传芝 《海洋地质前沿》2006,22(1):24-26

布莱克海岭位于美国东南加利福尼亚近海区,该区天然气水合物矿藏可用的开采方案有3种。这些方案为深水环境中天然气水合物矿藏的开采提供了可能的途径。1布莱克海岭区的天然气水合物过去20年中,在布莱克海岭区收集了大量的天然气水合物资料,包括地震勘探资料和11口井的钻井资料  相似文献