Ground motion at canyons of arbitrary shape under incident sh waves     

Francisco J. Snchez-Sesma  Emilio Rosenblueth 《地震工程与结构动力学》1979,7(5):441-450

A method for calculating the two-dimensional scattering of incident SH waves by canyons of arbitrary shape is presented. The problem is formulated in terms of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind with the integration path outside the boundary. Point-source discretization and a least-squares scheme are used. Numerical results are compared with the known analytic solution for a semi-cylindrical canyon. Spatial variations of surface amplitudes are computed for triangular and half-cycle sinusoidal canyons as well.  相似文献   

The significance of giant seismites in the Plio‐Pleistocene Baza palaeo‐lake (S Spain)     

Pedro Alfaro  Luis Gibert  Massimo Moretti  Francisco J. García‐Tortosa  Carlos Sanz de Galdeano  Jesús Galindo‐Zaldívar  Ángel C. López‐Garrido 《地学学报》2010,22(3):172-179

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Identification of high energy gamma-ray sources and source populations in the era of deep all-sky coverage     

Olaf Reimer  Diego F. Torres 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,309(1-4):57-62

A large fraction of the anticipated source detections by the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST-LAT) will initially be unidentified. We argue that traditional approaches to identify individuals and/or populations of gamma ray sources will encounter procedural limitations. Those limitations are discussed on the background of source identifications from EGRET observations. Generally, our ability to classify (faint) source populations in the anticipated GLAST dataset with the required degree of statistical confidence will be hampered by sheer source wealth. A new paradigm for achieving the classification of gamma ray source populations is discussed.  相似文献   

Pliocene extensional tectonics in the Eastern Central Patagonian Cordillera: geochronological constraints and new field evidence     

Yves Lagabrielle  Manuel Surez  Jacques Malavieille  Diego Morata  Felipe Espinoza  Ren C. Maury  Bruno Scalabrino  Luis Barbero  Rita de la Cruz  Eduardo Rossello  Herv Bellon 《地学学报》2007,19(6):413-424

Recent field work and review of radiometric data obtained from Neogene lavas and plutonic rocks exposed in the Eastern Central Patagonian Cordillera (46–48ºS), which overlie subducted segments of the South Chile Ridge, suggest important Late Miocene to Pleistocene morphological changes in relation to base level variations and/or tectonic events. We present new field observations from a region south of Lago General Carrera‐Buenos Aires, between the main Cordillera and the Meseta del Lago Buenos Aires, demonstrating that normal faulting controlled valley incisions and occurred during lava emplacement at 5–4 Ma and after 3 Ma. We also show that the 12 Ma basaltic flows of the Meseta del Lago Buenos Aires (∼2000 m a.s.l.) have been subjected to deep incision, with younger lavas dated at 1.2 Ma partially filling the valleys. These incisions are thought to reflect progressive eastward tilting of the entire meseta. Our new observations, together with additional features from Central Patagonia, strongly suggest that tectonic events led to a regional widespread morphological change after 5 Ma. The coincidence in time and space between the subduction of segments of the South Chile Ridge at 6 and 3 Ma causing opening of a slab window, and strong base level variations in the studied area, suggests a cause‐and‐effect relationship. In Central Patagonia, compressional tectonics ended well before extensional events reported here. Causes of uplift and further extension are probably completely disconnected. The uplift is purely tectonic in origin and occurred prior to the subduction of the South Chile Ridge. Extension should be a consequence of this subduction.  相似文献   

The host galaxies of long-duration gamma-ray bursts in a cosmological hierarchical scenario     

Sebastián E. Nuza  Patricia B. Tissera  Leonardo J. Pellizza  Diego G. Lambas  Cecilia Scannapieco †  María E. De Rossi 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,375(2):665-672

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Unveiling soft gamma-ray repeaters with INTEGRAL     

Diego Götz  Sandro Mereghetti  Kevin Hurley 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,308(1-4):51-59

Thanks to INTEGRAL’s long exposures of the Galactic Plane, the two brightest Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters, SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14, have been monitored and studied in detail for the first time at hard-X/soft gamma rays. This has produced a wealth of new scientific results, which we will review here. Since SGR 1806-20 was particularly active during the last two years, more than 300 short bursts have been observed with INTEGRAL and their characteristics have been studied with unprecedented sensitivity in the 15–200 keV range. A hardness-intensity anticorrelation within the bursts has been discovered and the overall Number-Intensity distribution of the bursts has been determined. In addition, a particularly active state, during which 100 bursts were emitted in 10 minutes, has been observed on October 5 2004, indicating that the source activity was rapidly increasing. This eventually led to the Giant Flare of December 27th 2004, for which a possible soft gamma-ray (>80 keV) early afterglow has been detected. The deep observations allowed us to discover the persistent emission in hard X-rays (20–150 keV) from 1806-20 and 1900+14, the latter being in a quiescent state, and to directly compare the spectral characteristics of all Magnetars (two SGRs and three Anomalous X-ray Pulsars) detected with INTEGRAL. D.G. acknowledges the French Space Agency (CNES) for financial support. Based on observations with INTEGRAL, an ESA project with instruments and the science data centre funded by ESA member states (especially the PI countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Spain), Czech Republic and Poland, and with the participation of Russia and the USA. ISGRI has been realized and maintained in flight by CEA-Saclay/DAPNIA with the support of CNES. K.H. is grateful for support under NASA’s INTEGRAL U.S. Guest Investigator program, Grants NAG5-13738 and NNG05GG35G.  相似文献   

INTEGRAL/XMM views on the MeV source GRO J1411-64     

Diego F. Torres  Shu Zhang  Olaf Reimer  Xavier Barcons  Amalia Corral  Valentí Bosch-Ramon  Josep M. Paredes  Gustavo E. Romero  Jin Qu  Werner Collmar  Volker Schönfelder  Yousaf Butt 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,309(1-4):17-21

The COMPTEL unidentified source GRO J 1411-64 was observed by INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton in 2005. The Circinus Galaxy is the only source detected within the 4σ location error of GRO J1411-64, but in here excluded as the possible counterpart. At soft X-rays, 22 reliable and statistically significant sources (likelihood >10) were extracted and analyzed from XMM-Newton data. Only one of these sources, XMMU J141255.6-635932, is spectrally compatible with GRO J1411-64 although the fact the soft X-ray observations do not cover the full extent of the COMPTEL source position uncertainty make an association hard to quantify and thus risky. At the best location of the source, detections at hard X-rays show only upper limits, which, together with MeV results obtained by COMPTEL suggest the existence of a peak in power output located somewhere between 300–700 keV for the so-called low state. Such a spectrum resembles those in blazars or microquasars, and might suggest at work by the models accordingly. However, an analysis using a microquasar model consisting on a magnetized conical jet filled with relativistic electrons, shows that it is hard to comply with all observational constrains. This fact and the non-detection at hard X-rays introduce an a-posteriori question mark upon the physical reality of this source, what is discussed here.  相似文献   

Testing the suitability of frictional behaviour for pyroclastic flow simulation by comparison with a well-constrained eruption at Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador)   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Karim Kelfoun  Pablo Samaniego  Pablo Palacios  Diego Barba 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2009,71(9):1057-1075

We use a well-monitored eruption of Tungurahua volcano to test the validity of the frictional behaviour, also called Mohr–Coulomb, which is generally used in geophysical flow modelling. We show that the frictional law is not appropriate for the simulation of pyroclastic flows at Tungurahua. With this law, the longitudinal shape of the simulated flows is a thin wedge of material progressively passing, over several hundreds of metres, from an unrealistic thickness at the front (<<1 mm) to some tens of centimetres. Simulated deposits form piles which accumulate at the foot of the volcano and are more similar to sand piles than natural pyroclastic deposits. Finally, flows simulated with a frictional rheology are not channelised by the drainage system, but affect all the flanks of the volcano. In addition, their velocity can exceed 150 m s⁻¹, allowing pyroclastic flows to cross interfluves at bends in the valley, affecting areas that would not have been affected in reality and leaving clear downstream areas that would be covered in reality. Instead, a simple empirical law, a constant retarding stress (i.e. a yield strength), involving only one free parameter, appears to be much better adapted for modelling pyroclastic flows. A similar conclusion was drawn for the Socompa debris avalanche simulation (Kelfoun and Druitt, J Geophys Res 110:B12202, 2005).  相似文献   

Low calcification rates and calcium carbonate production in Porites panamensis at its northernmost geographic distribution          下载免费PDF全文

Carlos Orión Norzagaray‐López  Luis Eduardo Calderon‐Aguilera  José Martín Hernández‐Ayón  Héctor Reyes‐Bonilla  Juan P. Carricart‐Ganivet  Rafael Andrés Cabral‐Tena  Eduardo Francisco Balart 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(4):1244-1255

Porites panamensis is a hermatypic coral present in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Skeletal growth parameters have been reported, but studies of the relationship between annual calcification rates and environmental controls are scarce. In this study, we investigated three aspects of the annual calcification rates of P. panamensis: growth parameters among three P. panamensis populations; the sea surface temperature as a calcification rate control spanning a latitudinal gradient; and calcium carbonate production among three sites. Growth parameters varied among the sites due to the colony growth form. Massive colonies in the north showed a higher calcification rate than encrusting colonies in the south (mean: 1.22–0.49 g CaCO₃ · cm^?2 · yr^?1), where variations in calcification rates were related to growth rate (0.91–0.38 cm · yr^?1) rather than to skeletal density differences (overall mean ± SD, 1.31 ± 0.04 g CaCO₃ · cm^?3). Our results showed a positive linear relationship between annual calcification rates and sea surface temperatures within these P. panamensis populations. Differences were related to distinct oceanographic environments (within and at the entrance of the Gulf of California) with different sea surface temperature regimes and other chemical properties. Different populations calcified under different environmental conditions. Calcium carbonate production was dependent upon the calcification rate and coral cover and so carbonate production was higher in the north (coral cover 12%) than in the south (coral cover 3.5). Thus, the studied sites showed low calcium carbonate production (0.25–0.43 kg CaCO₃ · m^?2 · yr^?1). Our results showed reduced calcification rates, regional temperature regime control over calcification rates, different growth forms, low coral cover and low calcium carbonate production rates in P. panamensis.  相似文献   

Reconciling Discrepancies Between Airborne and Buoy-Based Measurements of Wind Stress Over Mixed Seas     

Héctor García-Nava  Francisco J. Ocampo-Torres  Paul A. Hwang 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2015,155(3):515-526

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