Light regulation of benthic sulfate reduction rates mediated by seagrass (Thalassia testudinum) metabolism     

Maria Li. Calleja  Cristina Barrón  Jason A. Hale  Thomas K. Frazer  Carlos M. Duarte 《Estuaries and Coasts》2006,29(6):1255-1264

The effects of light reduction on community metabolism and sediment sulfate reduction rates (SRR) were assessed experimentally in a shallow (<2.0 m) seagrass (Thalassia testudinum) meadow along Florida's north-central Gulf coast. Nine experimental plots (1.5 m×1.5 m) were shaded differentially to achieve a 0–90% gradient in light reduction within the seagrass meadow. Gross primary production and net community production (NCP), estimated with in situ benthic chamber incubations, decreased with increasing light reduction. The compensation irradiance for community metabolism, i.e., the shading level at which NCP shifted from net autotrophic to net heterotrophic, was determined to be 52.5% of the incoming irradiance at canopy height in the seagrass bed (308.7 μE m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR at noon). Sediment SRR, determined with the use of a³⁵S−SO₄ ²⁻ radiotracer technique, increased quickly (within 5 d) and markedly with increased shade, i.e., simulated light reduction. SRR increased 50-fold when shading exceeded the light compensation point for the seagrass community, rendering the community net heterotrophic. Five days after restoring ambient light conditions, SRR had decreased sharply for all shading treatments. The observed decrease in NCP, coincident with the increase in the SRR with light reduction, suggests that light reduction has an indirect influence on sediment SRR mediated through its effect on seagrass metabolism.  相似文献   

Chemical and mineralogical investigations on deep sea manganese nodules from the Southern Ocean     

J. Ostwald  F. W. Frazer 《Mineralium Deposita》1973,8(4):303-311

Deep sea manganese nodules from the Southern Ocean have been studied using chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, optical mineragraphic and electron probe microanalysis techniques. The nodules were lower in manganese, iron and associated elements than the average grade of manganese nodules from other localities. A number of chemical relationships have been observed. Nickel, copper, cobalt, barium, zinc, molybdenum, strontium, sulphur and phosphorus are associated with the manganese rich phases and titanium with the iron rich phases. X-ray diffraction analysis and electron probe microanalysis results indicate that the manganese phases are similar to the disordered -MnO₂ and manganite phases reported by other workers.

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Zusammenfassung Tiefsee-Manganknollen aus dem südlichen Ozean wurden mit Hilfe von chemischen Analysen, Röntgenbeugung, mikroskopischer Untersuchung und Anwendung von Mikroelektronensonden untersucht. Die Knollen enthielten weniger Mangan, Eisen und Begleitelemente als das Durchschnittsquantum in Manganknollen aus anderen Gebieten. Eine Anzahl chemischer Ähnlichkeiten wurde beobachtet. Nickel, Kupfer, Kobalt, Barium, Zink, Molybdän, Strontium, Schwefel und Phosphor treten gemeinsam mit den manganreichen Erscheinungsformen, und Titan zusammen mit den eisenreichen auf. Ergebnisse der Röntgenbeugungsanalyse und Mikroelektronensondenuntersuchung ergaben, daß die Manganphasen Ähnlichkeit haben mit ungeordneten -MnO₂ und manganitischen Erscheinungsformen, über die andere Wissenschaftler berichtet haben.

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