Applications of full-waveform inversion to long offset Vibroseis data     

A. Adamczyk  M. Malinowski  A. Gó rszczyk 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(Z1):274-274

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Deep-seated structure and gold content of Russia and China contiguous territories     

V.G.Khomich  N.G.Boriskina 《东北亚地学研究》2010,(1)

On the contiguous territories of southeastern Russia and northeastern China,many gold-bearing areas are conjugate in space with the gradient zones of the gravity field.Large gold-ore districts,defining in many respects the metallogenic signature of the region,are located on the joints of differently oriented gradient zones.In the best-studied districts,the Precambrian protrusions,staged distribution of magmatic chambers (by vertical) above the Mohorovicic discontinuity and restriction to the peripheral parts of intrusive massifs have been recognized.Different-type gold deposits in the studied ore-placer districts and nodes are often located on the areas of joint of the granitoid massifs and subvolcanic bodies with depressions.Availability of areals of metasomatic alterations of rocks,placers,and ore occurrences of precious metals on such but poorly studied areas can serve as the basis for the revision and detailed forecasting-prospecting works to develop the mineral-raw material base of the region for precious metals.  相似文献   

An inventory of trees in Dublin city centre   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ningal T  Mills G  Smithwick P 《Irish geography : bulletin of the Geographical Society of Ireland》2010,43(2):161-176

While urban areas are often considered to be comprised chiefly of artificial surfaces, they can contain a substantial portion of green space and a great diversity of natural habitats. These spaces include public parks, private gardens and street trees, all of which can provide valuable environmental services, such as improved air quality. Trees play a particular role in cities as they are often placed along roadsides and in the median strip of busy streets. As such they regulate access to sunshine, restrict airflow, provide shelter, scavenge air pollutants and manage noise at the street level. A tree planting policy can be an important part of a broader environmental strategy aimed at improving the quality of life in urban areas but this requires up-to-date knowledge of the current tree stock, which does not exist for Dublin. This article presents an inventory of trees in Dublin's city centre, defined as the area between the Grand and Royal canals. The results show that there are over 10,000 trees in the study area representing a density of 684 trees km-2 or one tree to approximately every 50 residents of the city centre. The tree canopy extent when in full foliage was nearly 1 km2 in extent or 6% of the study area. A more detailed analysis of those trees planted along streets shows little species variation but clear distinction in the sizes of trees, which is indicative of the age of planting. These data are used to estimate the carbon stored in Dublin's trees.  相似文献   

Managing nitrogen inputs into seagrass meadows near a coastal city: flow-on from research to environmental improvement plans     

Nayar S  Collings G  Pfennig P  Royal M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(5):932-940

Increased human habitation has led to a 30 to 50-fold increase in nutrient loads to the coastal waters of Adelaide, resulting in the loss of over 5000 ha of seagrass meadows. The rate of loss since the 1940s has been irregular, averaging 85 ha yr(-1), marked by a substantial peak between 1971 and 1977. A modelling approach allowed comparison of the annual input with the annual uptake rates for the different biotic components in the seagrass bed. In 2005, the estimated uptake of ammonium (465 t yr(-1)) and nitrate (3.04 t yr(-1)) by the seagrass and associated epiphytes in the Adelaide region accounted for 31% of the ammonium and <1% of the nitrate that is currently discharged into the coastal waters. Environment Improvement Programs, such as the one implemented in 1996, may reduce the total nitrogen loads to 700 t yr(-1), possibly stemming further losses and facilitating recolonisation of new seagrass.  相似文献   

Heavy metals contamination levels at the Coast of Aliağa (Turkey) ship recycling zone   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Neşer G  Kontas A  Unsalan D  Uluturhan E  Altay O  Darılmaz E  Küçüksezgin F  Tekoğul N  Yercan F 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(4):882-887

Alia?a Bay is one of the most important maritime zones of Turkey where shipping activity, shipbreaking industry, steel works and petrochemical complexes exist together. Concentrations of heavy metals and organic carbon in sediment of the Alia?a Bay were investigated to evaluate an environmental risk assessment from metals contamination in 2009-2010. Comparison of the metal concentrations with average shale and Mediterranean background levels revealed that most of the samples from the Alia?a were polluted with Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn and Ni. It was found that Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni levels in Alia?a Bay exceeded the PEL values. Sediments, contaminated with Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni were considered as heavily polluted per the SQG.  相似文献   

什么引起了最近北磁极的加速漂移?     

Chulliat A  Hulot G  Newitt L R  Orgeval J-J  李启成 《国际地震动态》2012,(7):5-9

引言 北磁极位于地磁场竖直向下的地球表面.虽然地核通过内部对流的地球发电机过程维持了地球的主磁场,但却引起了北磁极随时间的不断漂移.北磁极的漂移速度从20世纪90年代初的15 km/a突然增加到90年代末的55 km/a.  相似文献   

2010年M_W8.8智利地震:多段触发及含频率的破裂特点     

E．Kiser  M．Ishii  康瑞清译  何钧校  吕春来复校 《世界地震译丛》2012,(3):1-7

2010年2月27日智利MW8.8地震的多频率反投影结果揭示出此次地震是由具有不同滑动特征的子事件组成的。震中以南的子事件以低频(0.05～0.1Hz)释放能量,意味着滑动缓慢,且破裂速度约为0.8km/s。震中以北的2个子事件则显示出以高频(1～5Hz)释放能量的特征。其中第一个子事件似乎触发了北边第2段的滑动,并且释放了较高振幅的能量,传播速度也快,约为2.9km/s。除了这些破裂的细节之外,还观测到如下现象:在破裂前沿,高频能量释放之后紧接着产生了低频能量释放。这一发现表明:大震对应的破裂过程蕴含着断层的动态弱化,因此,它们的破裂特性并非简单地与小地震的特性相关。这些明显的滑动特点表明:有必要对宽频域各种数据进行研究,以便全面评估巨大地震的破裂过程及相关灾害。  相似文献   

2010年10月25日明打威海啸地震（Mw7．8）和浅层巨大逆冲断裂引起的海啸灾害     

T．Lay  C．J．Ammon  H．Kanamori  Y．Yamazaki  K．F．Cheung  A．R．Hutko  王蕤译  吕春来校 《世界地震译丛》2012,(3):8-21

2010年10月25日印度尼西亚明打威地震（Mw7.8）,致使苏门答腊近海明打威群岛向海一侧的俯）中带浅部发生破裂,在巴盖群岛西南的沿海地带引发了3～9m高的海啸,并夺去了至少431人的生命。对有限断层震源破裂特征的远震P波、SH波及瑞雷波的分析说明,在倾角为10。的巨大逆）中断层上破裂过程持续了大约90s,破裂速度相对较低,约为1．5km／s,在约为100km长的震源区总滑动量约为2～4m。根据地震矩所计算的能量释放为1．4×10^-6,小于2006年7月17日爪哇海啸地震（Mw7．8）的能量释放量2．4×1^-6。明打威地震致使2007年9月12日群岛地震（MW7．9）的滑动区上倾部位发生破裂,结合沿岛弧锡默卢岛西北方向近海的1907年1月4日（M7．6）海啸地震,说明印度尼西亚和其他地方发生特大俯冲地震的上倾地区的浅层逆冲破裂,特别容易引发海啸灾害。  相似文献   

近距离观测的散射P′P′波     

P.S.Earle  S.Rost  P.M.Shearer  C.Thomas  林秀娜译  曲保安校  吕春来复校 《世界地震译丛》2012,(4):47-61

在震后2300～2450s的时间内,于震中距30°～50°之间发现了以前从未报道过的1Hz散射波。这些散射波可能是在上地幔和地壳发生的PKPbc到PKPbc的反方位角散射而产生的,为绘制地幔非均匀性的小尺度变化(10km)提供了一个新的手段。大孔径地震台阵(LASA)记录的阵列波束清晰地展示了散射波能量从噪声中逐步显露,在大约80s后达到最大振幅,并在150s后恢复到噪声水平。横向与径向慢度(ρt,ρr)的叠加显示在大约(2,-2)和(-2,-2)s/°存在两个峰值,表明这些波是沿着主弧路径(180°～360°)到达,而且明显是反方位角。基于上述观测资料,我们提出一种地幔和地表的PKPbc到PKPbc的散射机制,因为(1)这与散射波到时和散射波特有的慢度特征相吻合,(2)它的散射路径与之前观测到的深部地幔PK·KP散射路径类似(Chang and Cleary,1981)。观测到的上地幔散射波和PK·KP波均符合散射波的广义集合,我们称其为P′·d·P′,可以在地幔的任意深度d散射。  相似文献   

由重复微震估算的龙门山断裂带深部滑动速率     

李乐  陈棋福译  钮凤林  苏金蓉  吕春来校 《世界地震译丛》2012,(2):1-17

使用断层附近两个数字地震台网记录的重复地震数据研究了发生2008年汶川M7.9灾难性地震的龙门山断裂带的深部滑动速率。通过波形互相关分析,识别出波形高度相似的231组相似地震对和224组多重相似对。大部分相似地震活动表现为非周期性,复发间隔从数分钟到数百天不等。针对每一组多重相似对,我们首先依据在同一地震台站记录的波形来塑造参考地震的波形,用以量取每个地震相对于参考地震的S与P波的相对到时差,并确定每个地震与多重相似对质心的相对距离,从而挑选出每组地震中的重复事件。我们识别出了位于M7.9汶川地震震源区的12组重复微震,大部分重复微震分布在2008汶川地震同震大破裂闭锁区的边缘,揭示了微震活动与未来破坏性大震在空间位置上的密切关系。由重复微震直接获取的滑动速率随深度增加而增大,在4～18km深度范围滑动速率为3.5～9.6mm/a,约为GPS和地质等浅表观测的滑动速率值的2倍。研究结果对于理解断层活动性和地震危险性分析具有重要意义。  相似文献