Shorter snow cover duration since 1970 in the Swiss Alps due to earlier snowmelt more than to later snow onset   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Geoffrey Klein  Yann Vitasse  Christian Rixen  Christoph Marty  Martine Rebetez 《Climatic change》2016,139(3-4):637-649

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Deep structures along the boundary of a collisional belt: attenuation tomography of P and S waves in the Greater Caucasus     

Golam Sarker  & Geoffrey A. Abers 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,133(2):326-340

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Immediate reports of GRBs in progress from HETE     

Roland Vanderspek  John P. Doty  Geoffrey B. Crew  George R. Ricker 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,231(1-2):483-486

The High Energy Transient Experiment (HETE) will be able to perform multiwavelength observations of-ray and X-ray bursts. HETE will potentially be able to localize-ray bursts to a precision of 20 arc-minutes if significant X-ray flux is detected from the burst; a precision of 20 arc-seconds is possible if there is also significant UV radiation from the burst. HETE will broadcast information about bursts detected within seconds of their detection. This VHF-band broadcast will be received at a number of secondary ground stations (SGS) dedicated to HETE, and forwarded to a central distribution site at MIT, from which it is sent to interested observers via Internet.  相似文献   

Miocene Gypcretes from the Calama Basin, northern Chile     

Adrian J. Hartley  & Geoffrey May 《Sedimentology》1998,45(2):351-364

Gypcretes of Miocene age are preserved beneath a 9·53 ± 0·36 Ma ignimbrite along the eastern margin of the Oligo-Pleistocene Calama Basin, northern Chile. They are restricted to a single stratigraphic horizon developed within laterally extensive (>35 km) coalesced alluvial fan deposits, developed along the margin of an endorheic basin. Two types of gypcrete are recognized. Type 1 comprises almost completely gypsum-cemented sandstones containing alabastrine nodules and columns, sub-vertical and horizontal veins of fibrous gypsum and 'v-shaped' cracks infilled by clastic material, and are interpreted as surface weathered gypsic crusts. Type 2 gypcretes are composed of massive, reddened poikilitic and mesocrystalline gypsum (up to 80% of the rock) with isolated bedding-parallel, clast-rich lenses (200 × 30 cm) and sub-vertical veins of fibrous gypsum. The massive texture resembles that of well developed B horizons in Quaternary alluvial desert soils. The crystal forms suggest an origin as a subsurface gypsic crust formed by a combination of hydromorphic (poikilitic) and illuvial (mesocrystalline) processes with the fibrous gypsum veins suggestive of periodic surface exposure.
Gypcrete horizons are up to 25 m thick and composed of both gypcrete types. They represent superimposed phases of surface and subsurface gypcrete development. Quaternary gypcretes are developed in arid climatic regimes, but are not considered to develop under hyper-arid climates. An arid climate is considered to have prevailed in the study area up to 9·5 Ma after which a change to hyper-aridity favoured gypcrete preservation.  相似文献   

Long-term elasticity in the continental lithosphere; modelling the Aden Ridge propagation and the Anatolian extrusion process   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Aurélia Hubert-Ferrari  Geoffrey King  Isabelle Manighetti  Rolando Armijo  Bertrand Meyer  Paul Tapponnier 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,153(1):111-132

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The river deposits of the Lower Medway Basin     

Geoffrey E. Hutchings 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》1925,36(4):419-IN5

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Offshore pile foundations in sand under earthquake loading     

W.D. Liam Finn  Geoffrey R. Martin 《Applied Ocean Research》1980,2(2):81-84

A new approach to the analysis of pile foundations, developed recently for the analysis of a pile supported offshore structure, is described. The method uses a coupled soil-pile analysis which takes into account the non-linear resistance of the pile to lateral deformation and the effect of progressively increasing pore water pressures on that resistance. The analysis allows also for radiation of energy away from the site. Typical of results given in the paper are: (1) the effect of pore water pressure increases on the API cyclic loading curves, (2) the degradation in lateral stiffness due to pore pressure increases for piles with fixed and free heads, (3) variations in deflections and moments with depth due to pore water pressure from those predicted using current API procedures.  相似文献   

Predicting recruitment from stock size without the mediation of a functional relation     

Evans  Geoffrey T.; Rice  Jake C. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1988,44(2):111-122

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Impact of Climate Change on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vibrio vulnificus</Emphasis> Abundance and Exposure Risk     

Reem Deeb  Daniel Tufford  Geoffrey I. Scott  Janet Gooch Moore  Kirstin Dow 《Estuaries and Coasts》2018,41(8):2289-2303

Vibrio species are marine bacteria that occur in estuaries worldwide; many are virulent human pathogens with high levels of antibiotic resistance. The average annual incidence of all Vibrio infections has increased by 41% between 1996 and 2005. V. vulnificus (Vv), a species associated with shellfish and occurring in the US Southeast, has ranges of temperature (16–33 °C) and salinity (5–20 ppt) dependencies for optimal growth. Increased water temperatures caused by atmospheric warming and increased salinity gradients caused by sea level rise raise concerns for the effect of climate change on the geographic range of Vv and the potential for increased exposure risk. This research combined monthly field sampling, laboratory analysis, and modeling to identify the current occurrence of Vv in the Winyah Bay estuary (South Carolina, USA) and assess the possible effects of climate change on future geographic range and exposure risk in the estuary. Vv concentrations ranged from 0 to 58 colony forming units (CFU)/mL, salinities ranged from 0 to 28 ppt, and temperature from 18 to 31 °C. A significant empirical relationship was found between Vv concentration and salinity and temperature that fit well with published optimal ranges for growth for these environmental parameters. These results, when coupled with an existing model of future specific conductance, indicated that sea level rise has a greater impact on exposure risk than temperature increases in the estuary. Risk increased by as much as four times compared to current conditions with the largest temporally widespread increase at the most upriver site where currently there is minimal risk.  相似文献   

Detection of temporal changes in the spatial distribution of cancer rates using local Moran’s I and geostatistically simulated spatial neutral models   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Goovaerts P  Jacquez GM 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2005,7(1):137-159

This paper presents the first application of spatially correlated neutral models to the detection of changes in mortality rates across space and time using the local Morans I statistic. Sequential Gaussian simulation is used to generate realizations of the spatial distribution of mortality rates under increasingly stringent conditions: 1) reproduction of the sample histogram, 2) reproduction of the pattern of spatial autocorrelation modeled from the data, 3) incorporation of regional background obtained by geostatistical smoothing of observed mortality rates, and 4) incorporation of smooth regional background observed at a prior time interval. The simulated neutral models are then processed using two new spatio-temporal variants of the Morans I statistic, which allow one to identify significant changes in mortality rates above and beyond past spatial patterns. Last, the results are displayed using an original classification of clusters/outliers tailored to the space-time nature of the data. Using this new methodology the space-time distribution of cervix cancer mortality rates recorded over all US State Economic Areas (SEA) is explored for 9 time periods of 5 years each. Incorporation of spatial autocorrelation leads to fewer significant SEA units than obtained under the traditional assumption of spatial independence, confirming earlier claims that Type I errors may increase when tests using the assumption of independence are applied to spatially correlated data. Integration of regional background into the neutral models yields substantially different spatial clusters and outliers, highlighting local patterns which were blurred when local Morans I was applied under the null hypothesis of constant risk.This research was funded by grants R01 CA92669 and 1R43CA105819-01 from the National Cancer Institute and R43CA92807 under the Innovation in Biomedical Information Science and Technology Initiative at the National Institute of Health. The views stated in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NCI. The authors also thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped improve the presentation of the methodology.  相似文献