GIS,multi‐criteria and multi‐factor spatial analysis for the probability assessment of the existence of illegal landfills     

Giancarlo Biotto  Lucia Gobbo  Elisa Furlan  Sonia Valenti  Roberto Rosselli 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(10):1233-1244

This work deals with the identification of potentially contaminated areas using remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) and multi‐criteria spatial analysis. The identification of unknown illegal landfills is a crucial environmental problem in all developed and developing countries, where a large number of illegal waste deposits exist as a result of fast, and relatively unregulated, industrial growth over the past century. The criteria used to perform the spatial analysis are here selected by considering the characteristics which are ‘desirable’ for an illegal waste disposal site, chiefly related to the existence of roads for easy access and to a low population density which facilitates unnoticed dumping of illegal waste materials. A large dataset describing known legal and illegal landfills and the context of their location (population, road network, etc.) was used to perform a spatial statistical analysis to select factors and criteria allowing for the identification of the known waste deposits. The final result is a map describing the likelihood of an illegal waste deposit to be located at any arbitrary location. Such a probability map is then used together with remote sensing techniques to narrow down the set of possibly contaminated sites (Silvestri and Omri, 2008 Silvestri, S. and Omri, M. 2008. A method for the remote sensing identification of uncontrolled landfills: formulation and validation.. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29(4): 975–989. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]), which are candidates for further analyses and field investigations. The importance of the integration of GIS and remote sensing is highlighted and represents a key instrument for environmental management and for the spatially‐distributed characterization of possible uncontrolled landfill sites.  相似文献   

A structural study of cyanotrichite from Dachang by conventional and automated electron diffraction     

Gennaro Ventruti  Enrico Mugnaioli  Giancarlo Capitani  Fernando Scordari  Daniela Pinto  Andrea Lausi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2015,42(8):651-661

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Estuarine Biotope Mosaics and Habitat Management Goals: An Application in Tampa Bay,FL, USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Giancarlo Cicchetti  Holly Greening 《Estuaries and Coasts》2011,34(6):1278-1292

Many types of anthropogenic stress to estuaries lead to destruction and conversion of habitats, thus altering habitat landscapes and changing the “arena” in which the life history interactions of native fauna take place. This can lead to decreased populations of valued fauna and other negative consequences. The Tampa Bay Estuary Program (TBEP) pioneered a system-wide management framework that develops estuarine habitat restoration and protection goals based on supporting estuarine-dependent species and the habitat landscapes they require (for example, the extent of seagrass beds, mangrove forests, oyster reefs, or oligohaline marshes) within an estuary. We describe this framework and provide related statistics as methods to help managers set system-wide ecological goals using larger conceptual approaches that are easily communicated to stakeholders and the public; we also discuss applications of the approach to existing and evolving paradigms of estuarine management. The TBEP and partners used this framework to combine a simple and unifying vision with a diverse and complex set of management tools, resulting in greatly improved environmental conditions within Tampa Bay.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

G. A. Chapman  Giancarlo Noci  J. J. Rickard 《Solar physics》1992,142(2):415-417

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Apparent radii and other parameters for 116 A5V-F5V stars of the catalogue of Geneva Observatory     

Massimo Fracassini  Laura E. Pasinetti  Giancarlo Pelagatti 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1975,35(2):313-320

Preceding research on 172 B5V-A5V stars (Fracassiniet al., 1973) has been extended to cover 116 A5V-F5V stars of the catalogue of Geneva Observatory (Rufener, 1971), to test the validity of the method for later type stars. Figure 2 shows a satisfactory agreement between our results and those obtained by Gaposchkin (1958) using data from 82 eclipsing binary systems. Furthermore, our results also seem to confirm that the Sun has an absolute radius larger than that averaged from F5V-G0V stars. There is also a good agreement with the apparent radii of α Aql and α C Mi determined by Hanbury Brownet al. (1967, 1974). Three other stars, which are anomalous in the log α″ vsm _vdiagram have been added to those selected in the preceding paper. No systematic differences among the absolute radii of stars of the same spectral type, in the Hyades, Pleiades and Praesepe, have been found.  相似文献   

Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity from a needlet analysis of the WMAP-5 data     

Davide Pietrobon  Paolo Cabella  Amedeo Balbi  Giancarlo de Gasperis  Nicola Vittorio 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,396(3):1682-1688

We look for a non-Gaussian signal in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) 5-year temperature anisotropy maps by performing a needlet-based data analysis. We use the foreground-reduced maps obtained by the WMAP team through the optimal combination of the W, V and Q channels, and perform realistic non-Gaussian simulations in order to constrain the non-linear coupling parameter f _NL. We apply a third-order estimator of the needlet coefficients skewness and compute the  χ²  statistics of its distribution. We obtain  −80 < f _NL < 120  at 95 per cent confidence level, which is consistent with a Gaussian distribution and comparable to previous constraints on the non-linear coupling. We then develop an estimator of f _NL based on the same simulations and we find consistent constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity. We finally compute the three-point correlation function in needlet space: the constraints on f _NL improve to  −50 < f _NL < 110  at 95 per cent confidence level.  相似文献   

Optical afterglows of gamma-ray bursts: a bimodal distribution?     

Marco Nardini  Gabriele Ghisellini  Giancarlo Ghirlanda 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,383(3):1049-1057

The luminosities of the optical afterglows of gamma-ray bursts, 12 h (rest-frame time) after the trigger, show a surprising clustering, with a minority of events being at a significantly smaller luminosity. If real, this dichotomy would be a crucial clue to understand the nature of optically dark afterglows, i.e. bursts that are detected in the X-ray band, but not in the optical. We investigate this issue by studying bursts of the pre- Swift era, both detected and undetected in the optical. The limiting magnitudes of the undetected ones are used to construct the probability that a generic burst is observed down to a given magnitude limit. Then, by simulating a large number of bursts with pre-assigned characteristics, we can compare the properties of the observed optical luminosity distribution with the simulated one. Our results suggest that the hints of bimodality present in the observed distribution reflect a real bimodality: either the optical luminosity distribution of bursts is intrinsically bimodal, or there exists a population of bursts with a quite significant grey absorption, i.e. wavelength-independent extinction. This population of intrinsically weak or grey-absorbed events can be associated with dark bursts.  相似文献   

Finite element evaluation of the effects of faulting on a shallow tunnel in alluvial soil     

Annamaria Cividini  Giancarlo Gioda  Vincenzo Petrini 《Acta Geotechnica》2010,5(2):113-120

A numerical estimation is presented on the effects induced in an existing tunnel by the development of a fault from the deep bedrock during a seismic event. The spreading of the fault within the alluvial deposit hosting the tunnel, and the consequent effects on its permanent liner, are studied in static conditions through a series of elastic-plastic, plane strain finite element analyses. They account for the reduction of the shear strength and stiffness characteristics of the faulting zone with increasing irreversible strains. Even though the calculations require only “standard”, e.g. peak and residual, material parameters it is shown that these properties can hardly be obtained for the alluvial deposit at hand. To overcome this drawback a relatively large scale in-situ tests could be performed and its results could be interpreted through a suitable back analysis. This would permit characterizing the numerical model to be subsequently adopted for the analysis of the faulting process.  相似文献   

A finite element analysis of direct shear tests on stiff clays     

Annamaria Cividini  Giancarlo Gioda 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1992,16(12):869-886

A finite element analysis is presented of some direct shear tests carried out on samples of a stiff, heavily overconsolidated clay. The effects of softening are accounted for through a simple material model which views this phenomenon as a consequence of an intrinsic loss of strength of the material taking place when plastic strains increase. After illustrating the main characteristics of the finite element approach, with particular reference to the correct determination of the non-reversible strains, its use in the interpretation of the mentioned shear tests is discussed. Some comments are also presented on the mesh dependence of the numerical results, and on the use of a relation between material parameters and element size which reduces this negative effect. Finally, the solution procedure is applied to the simulation of a compression test in order to investigate the possibility of numerically detecting the ‘spontaneous’ (i.e. not directly induced by the boundary conditions) formation of shear zones within the specimen.  相似文献   

Slope–area relationships and sediment dynamics in two alpine streams     

Giancarlo Dalla Fontana  Lorenzo Marchi 《水文研究》2003,17(1):73-87

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