北京市金属矿产开发对土壤重金属含量影响分析     

闫广新  刘世海  丁霞  韩娟娟  黄鹏辉 《城市地质》2017,12(1)

通过对密云水库上游潮白河流域进行土壤和沉积物采集,针对采集样品中的微量元素和重金属进行测试和分析,得出:汤河流域内土壤中铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)和铬(Cr)含量较高;琉璃河流域内土壤中铜(Cu)和铬(Cr)含量较高;潮河流域内土壤中铅(Pb)和铬(Cr)含量较高。采用单元素的地累积指数评价和区域多元素的污染负荷指数评价方法,对土壤中重金属含量的影响进行评价,得出:汤河流域中部土壤重金属含量,琉璃河流域中、下游一带的土壤重金属含量、潮河支流牤牛河上游流域土壤重金属含量均达到国标中划定的中度污染时土壤的含量,其影响面积分别为20km~2、14km~2、24km~2。通过土壤中重金属元素之间的相关性分析,判断重金属的来自附近铁矿、金矿集中开采所产生的"三废",建议采用土壤修复技术进行治理。  相似文献   

土工加筋抗冻胀工作机制的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈轮  郭瑞平 《冰川冻土》1996,18(4):297-305

在分凝势理论的基础上，建立了一套考虑温度、水分及冻土－未冻土－筋材体系应力变形诸因素耦合预测加筋土冻胀和筋材拉力的计算方法，并对一维冻结室内模拟试验进行了理论分析和数值计算。通过对加筋消减冻胀及其抗冻胀工作机制的分析，提出了加筋材料对土体施加的约束，不仅减小了土体的冻胀速率，而且还使冻胀位移向未冻土区发展，从而可有效地消减土体冻胀的结论。  相似文献   

平邑县水资源开发利用中存在的问题及对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘德力  孔凡谦  林晓  时光新 《地下水》2006,28(3):11-12

本文在分析平邑县水资源开发利用现状及存在问题的基础上,针对平邑县水资源紧缺的实际情况,提出水资源可持续开发利用的对策.  相似文献   

广州地铁竣工验收测量系统研究与实现   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王磊  丘广新  王大鹏 《地理空间信息》2008,6(2):15-18

介绍了广州地铁线路高精度曲线竣工验收系统的设计思想和结构体系．对系统功能和实现的关键技术作了介绍。通过广州地铁三号线竣工验收测量工程的应用,表明该系统实用可靠,使用简单方便,曲线计算精度很高,可极大地提高验收测量的工作效率。  相似文献   

松花江区气象水文干旱演变特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴燕锋  章光新 《地理科学》2018,38(10):1731-1739

采用标准化降水蒸散指数和径流干旱指数分析了1961~2010年研究区水文干旱和气象干旱时空演变特征,并探讨了水文干旱与气象干旱的关系。结果表明：① 1961~2010年松花江区呈总体干旱化且又有明显时段性的特征,其中1967~1983年和1996~2010年气象干旱频发、覆盖范围广、持续时间长且强度大;其它时段气象干旱少有发生。其次,气象干旱空间分布差异明显,东部的平均干旱频次和强度都大于西部地区,中部（嫩江流域中下游）平均干旱持续时间最长;但在嫩江流域和黑龙江上游地区干旱略有减弱趋势。② 松花江流域和挠力河流域水文干旱呈加剧的趋势,尤其是近15 a干旱化趋势明显;挠力河流域干旱频发、强度大且持续时间很长。松花江流域水文干旱程度弱于挠力河流域,但极端水文干旱事件频发。 ③ 松花江区气象干旱与水文干旱密切相关,嫩江流域水文干旱滞后于气象干旱2个月,而第二松花江流域和松花江流域水文干旱滞后于气象干旱3个月;挠力河流域水文干旱与气象干旱无明显的时滞相关性。  相似文献   

新疆百里风区风廓线观测分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王敏仲  何清  魏文寿  赵勇  张广兴 《气象科技》2010,38(5):640-644

利用2009年3月25日至4月8日在新疆百里风区十三间房气象站观测取得的风廓线资料,分析了该地区低空风场的平均日变化、逐日变化以及强风天气条件下大气风场特征。研究表明:①十三间房地区观测期间纬向风主要盛行西风气流,经向风以北风为主,在大风天气条件下经向北风气流明显大于同时间纬向西风气流。②受七角井山口狭管效应的影响,该地区1500m高度以下水平风速总体大于其上风速。③日、夜平均廓线分析表明,夜间风速大于白天,但二者随高度的变化趋势基本相同,1500m以下,水平风速随高度的升高呈减小趋势,1500m以上,随高度升高呈增大趋势。④Airda3000Q型边界层风廓线雷达可获得时间和空间分辨率较高的风场资料,通过分析其探测到的水平风廓线资料,可清晰地监测大风天气的发生和变化过程。  相似文献   

Evolution study of a regional groundwater system using hydrochemistry and stable isotopes in Songnen Plain,northeast China     

Guangxin Zhang  Wei Deng  Y. S. Yang  R. B. Salama 《水文研究》2007,21(8):1055-1065

Groundwater is often a critical source of water for municipal, industrial and agricultural uses, especially in arid and semi‐arid environments. Songnen Plain, located in the central part of northeast China, is such a region, it being an important productive base of commodity grain in this country. In the past two decades, groundwater quality in the region, especially salinization, has deteriorated under natural changes and human activities, and has become a crucial factor restricting sustainable eco‐environmental and socio‐economic development. In this paper, The Taoer River catchment, situated in the middle of the region, was selected as the study area for the groundwater quality evolution study using hydrochemistry and stable isotopes to obtain a better understanding of the system. Fifty‐two groundwater samples were collected with systematic design during the low‐water and high‐water periods in 2003. A series of comprehensive quality data interpretations, e.g. statistics, ratios of ions and Piper diagrams, together with stable isotope data, have been used to gain an insight into the spatial and temporal variations and evolution laws of groundwater hydrochemistry. The following main hydrochemical processes were identified as controlling the water quality of the groundwater system: weathering–dissolution, evaporation–condensation, ion‐exchange reactions and groundwater salinization. This latter process, salinization, is the most important process and is caused by the leaching of superficial or near‐surface salts from the saline–alkaline soil into shallow groundwater. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Identifying key environmental factors influencing spatial variation of water quality in upper Shitoukoumen Reservoir Basin in Jilin Province, China     

Yanling Tang  Guangxin Zhang  Yuesuo Yang  Yingzhi Gao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2009,19(4):365-374

Based on the observed data in monitored drainage areas and GIS spatial analysis tools, watershed basic database of Shitoukoumen Reservoir Basin was built. The multivariate analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of water quality, identify the key environmental factors and their patterns influencing the spatial variation of water quality, and determine the main types and forms of the non-point source (NPS) pollutant export controlled by the key environmental factors. The results show that different patterns of environmental factors lead to great changes in water quality at spatial and seasonal scales. All selected environmental factors explain 64.5% and 68.2% of the spatial variation of water quality over dry season and rainy season, respectively, which shows clear seasonal difference. Over dry season, residential land is the most important environmental factor, which possesses 35.4% of the spatial variation, and drainage area is the second key environmental factor, which possesses 17.0% of spatial variation in the total variance. Over rainy season, slope length and drainage area are the key environmental factors, which possess 29.3% of the spatial variation together. Residential land influences nitrogen export by changing NH₄ ⁺-N and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) discharge over dry season, and drainage area controls phosphorus export by regulating dissolved phosphorus (DP) drainage over dry season and phosphorus associated particulate (PAP) loss over rainy season, respectively. Although slope length is an important environmental factor, it does not influence NPS pollutant export. It is interesting that soil organic matter, as a minor environmental factor, highly determines phosphorus and nitrogen export by enhancing the DP, PAP and PON loss.  相似文献   

闾山花岗岩地质特征及其成因探讨     

苏传玉  雷广新  刘文海  张兆华 《国土资源》1994,(Z1)

闾山花岗岩位于辽两台陷的东侧，是同源岩浆演化的多期产物。其物质源于地壳，一期结构演化规律强，是辽宁地区典型的“Ｓ”型花岗岩。  相似文献   

嫩江流域沼泽湿地景观变化及其水文驱动因素分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

董李勤  章光新 《水科学进展》2013,24(2):177-183

借助ArcGIS空间分析工具,以嫩江流域1978年、1990年、2000年和2008年4期遥感湿地分布图为基础,采用SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)水文模型将嫩江流域划分为43个子流域,并以沼泽湿地类型为例,将各个子流域内降水和径流信息与湿地退化遥感信息作对比筛选,对全流域以及湿地面积减少严重所在子流域作进一步分析。另外,利用两期土地利用类型数据生成嫩江流域土地利用转移矩阵。结果表明:1978—2008年间嫩江流域沼泽湿地退化严重,尤其以1990—2000年间最为显著。这与流域内降水、径流的变化密切相关,并受到土地利用类型转化以及水利工程建设等人类活动的影响。其中,沼泽湿地面积变化与流域径流系数变化在0.01水平上呈极显著正相关,pearson相关系数为0.90。气候变化和人类活动影响下对湿地水文过程以及水资源的变化,导致湿地日益萎缩,对流域内湿地生态系统平衡产生了负面影响。  相似文献