Otolith shape and temporal stability of spawning groups of Icelandic cod (Gadus morhua L.)     

Jonsdottir  Ingibjorg G.; Campana  Steven E.; Marteinsdottir  Gudrun 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(8):1501-1512

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Contribution of different spawning components to the mixed stock fishery for cod in Icelandic waters     

Jonsdottir  Ingibjorg G.; Marteinsdottir  Gudrun; Campana  Steven E. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2007,64(9):1749-1759

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Zusammenhang zwisehen Kristallgröße und Salbandabstand bei magmatisehen Gang-Intrusionen     

Helmut G. F. Winkler 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1948,1(2-3):251-268

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Seasonal and spatial distribution of redox zones during lake bank filtration in Berlin,Germany   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Gudrun Massmann  Alexander Nogeitzig  Thomas Taute  Asaf Pekdeger 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(1):53-65

Redox processes during bank filtration were evaluated in Berlin, where bank filtered water is abstracted for drinking water production. The investigations included the mapping of the infiltration zone, a column study and hydrochemical analyses of the groundwater sampled between lake and production well. The organic carbon content increased and the permeability of the lake sediments decreased with distance from the shoreline. The most important changes with regard to the redox state of the infiltrate occurred within the first metre of flow. Infiltration was mostly anoxic, as oxygen was rapidly consumed within the organic rich sediments. The infiltration zone revealed a vertical redox stratification with hydrochemical conditions becoming more reducing with depth rather than with distance from the lake. The redox zones were found to be very narrow below the lake and wider towards the production wells, suggesting that other than differing flow paths, reaeration after infiltration may also occur and possible mechanisms are presented. Redox conditions were influenced by strong annual temperature variations of the surface water affecting the microbial activity. Aerobic infiltration only took place close to the shore in winter.  相似文献   

Modelling of future mass balance changes of Norwegian glaciers by application of a dynamical–statistical model     

Sebastian Mutz  Heiko Paeth  Stefan Winkler 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(5-6):1581-1597

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Approaching four decades of forest watershed research at Upper Penticton Creek,British Columbia: A synthesis     

Rita D. Winkler  Diana M. Allen  Tim R. Giles  Brian A. Heise  R. Dan Moore  Todd E. Redding  Dave L. Spittlehouse  Xiaohua Wei 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14123

Over the past 35 years, the Upper Penticton Creek (UPC) Watershed Experiment has supported forest hydrology research in south-central British Columbia (BC), Canada. This paper provides a synthesis of research results, highlights the challenges facing UPC and identifies new research directions. Clearcutting approximately 50% of two small, snow-dominated (Dfb Koppen classification) watersheds advanced the timing of snowmelt-generated high flows and decreased late-summer low flows, relative to predictions based on pre-treatment regressions. Changes in high flows did not have a significant effect on stream channels due to low stream power, coarse substrate, and limited riparian disturbance. Changes in summer low flows reduced modelled useable fish habitat by 20%–50%. Evaporation averaged 52% of the annual precipitation in the mature forest, was reduced to 30% in a clearcut, and recovered to 40% and 47% in a 10 and 25 year-old stand, respectively. Groundwater recharge to the bedrock was estimated at 19% of annual precipitation, indicating that, even with the large uncertainty associated with this estimate, deep groundwater should not be ignored in the water balance. Suspended sediment, turbidity, and colour increased post-logging; however, chemical surface water quality did not change. Aquatic community structure changed post-logging; and although this affected the processing of organic matter, the effects on habitat quality were considered minimal. The information gained at UPC has supported provincial policies, management guidelines, forest stewardship plans and watershed risk assessments. The undisturbed control watershed, re-growing treatment watersheds and ongoing long-term hydrometric monitoring continue to provide opportunities for future research addressing issues such as the effects of young forests on streamflow and hydrologic recovery, and the influence of climate change on the hydrologic regime.  相似文献   

Volcanic risk and tourism in southern Iceland: Implications for hazard,risk and emergency response education and training     

Deanne K. Bird  Gudrun Gisladottir  Dale Dominey-Howes 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2010,189(1-2):33-48

This paper examines the relationship between volcanic risk and the tourism sector in southern Iceland and the complex challenge emergency management officials face in developing effective volcanic risk mitigation strategies. An early warning system and emergency response procedures were developed for communities surrounding Katla, the volcano underlying the Mýrdalsjökull ice cap. However, prior to and during the 2007 tourist season these mitigation efforts were not effectively communicated to stakeholders located in the tourist destination of Þórsmörk despite its location within the hazard zone of Katla. The hazard zone represents the potential extent of a catastrophic jökulhlaup (glacial outburst flood). Furthermore, volcanic risk mitigation efforts in Þórsmörk were based solely on information derived from physical investigations of volcanic hazards. They did not consider the human dimension of risk. In order to address this gap and provide support to current risk mitigation efforts, questionnaire surveys were used to investigate tourists' and tourism employees' hazard knowledge, risk perception, adoption of personal preparedness measures, predicted behaviour if faced with a Katla eruption and views on education.Results indicate that tourists lack hazard knowledge and they do not adopt preparedness measures to deal with the consequences of an eruption. Despite a high level of risk perception, tourism employees lack knowledge about the early warning system and emergency response procedures. Results show that tourists are positive about receiving information concerning Katla and its hazards and therefore, the reticence of tourism employees with respect to disseminating hazard information is unjustified.In order to improve the tourism sector's collective capacity to positively respond during a future eruption, recommendations are made to ensure adequate dissemination of hazard, risk and emergency response information. Most importantly education campaigns should focus on: (a) increasing tourists' knowledge of Katla, jökulhlaup and other volcanic hazards and (b) increasing tourist and employee awareness of the early warning and information system and appropriate behavioural response if a warning is issued. Further, tourism employees should be required to participate in emergency training and evacuation exercises annually. These efforts are timely given that Katla is expected to erupt in the near future and international tourism is an expanding industry in Þórsmörk.  相似文献   

Widespread dispersal of Icelandic tephra: how does the Eyjafjöll eruption of 2010 compare to past Icelandic events?     

Siwan M. Davies  Gudrun Larsen  Stefan Wastegård  Chris S. M. Turney  Valerie A. Hall  Lisa Coyle  Thor Thordarson 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(5):605-611

The Eyjafjöll AD 2010 eruption is an extraordinary event in that it led to widespread and unprecedented disruption to air travel over Europe – a region generally considered to be free from the hazards associated with volcanic eruptions. Following the onset of the eruption, satellite imagery demonstrated the rapid transportation of ash by westerly winds over mainland Europe, eventually expanding to large swathes of the North Atlantic Ocean and the eastern seaboard of Canada. This small‐to‐intermediate size eruption and the dispersal pattern observed are not particularly unusual for Icelandic eruptions within a longer‐term perspective. Indeed, the Eyjafjöll eruption is a relatively modest eruption in comparison to some of the 20 most voluminous eruptions that have deposited cryptotephra in sedimentary archives in mainland Europe, such as the mid Younger Dryas Vedde Ash and the mid Holocene Hekla 4 tephra. The 2010 eruption, however, highlights the critical role that weather patterns play in the distribution of a relatively small amount of ash and also highlights the spatially complex dispersal trajectories of tephra in the atmosphere. Whether or not the preservation of the Eyjafjöll 2010 tephra in European proxy archives will correspond to the extensive distributions mapped in the atmosphere remains to be seen. The Eyjafjöll 2010 event highlights our increased vulnerability to natural hazards rather than the unparalleled explosivity of the event. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The making of the Geological Society of London,edited by C.L.E. Lewis & S.J. Knell. Geological Society special publication 317, London, 2009. No. of pages: 471. ISBN 978‐1‐86239‐277‐9 (hardcover).     

C.F. Winkler Prins 《Geological Journal》2011,46(1):104-104

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Atomistic model of diopside-K-jadeite (CaMgSi<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>6</Subscript>-KAlSi<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>6</Subscript>) solid solution     

V. L. Vinograd  O. G. Safonov  D. J. Wilson  L. L. Perchuk  L. Bindi  J. D. Gale  B. Winkler 《Petrology》2010,18(4):447-459

Atomistic model was proposed to describe the thermodynamics of mixing in the diopside-K-jadeite solid solution (CaMgSi₂O6-KAlSi₂O₆). The simulations were based on minimization of the lattice energies of 800 structures within a 2 × 2 × 4 supercell of C2/c diopside with the compositions between CaMgSi₂O₆ and KAlSi₂O₆ and with variable degrees of order/disorder in the arrangement of Ca/K cations in M2 site and Mg/Al in Ml site. The energy minimization was performed with the help of a force-field model. The results of the calculations were used to define a generalized Ising model, which included 37 pair interaction parameters. Isotherms of the enthalpy of mixing within the range of 273–2023 K were calculated with a Monte Carlo algorithm, while the Gibbs free energies of mixing were obtained by thermodynamic integration of the enthalpies of mixing. The calculated T-X diagram for the system CaMgSi₂O₆-KAlSi₂O₆ at temperatures below 1000 K shows several miscibility gaps, which are separated by intervals of stability of intermediate ordered compounds. At temperatures above 1000 K a homogeneous solid solution is formed. The standard thermodynamic properties of K-jadeite (KAlSi₂O₆) evaluated from quantum mechanical calculations were used to determine location of several mineral reactions with the participation of the diopside-K-jadeite solid solution. The results of the simulations suggest that the low content of KalSi₂O₆ in natural clinopyroxenes is not related to crystal chemical factors preventing isomorphism, but is determined by relatively high standard enthalpy of this end member.  相似文献