Monitoring, prediction, and early warning using ground-based radar interferometry   总被引：11，自引：8，他引：3  

Nicola Casagli  Filippo Catani  Chiara Del Ventisette  Guido Luzi 《Landslides》2010,7(3):291-301

In order to define adequate prevention measures and to manage landslide emergencies, real-time monitoring is required. This paper presents two different applications of the remote sensing technique: the ground-based synthetic aperture radar interferometry, here proposed as a monitoring and early warning support for slope instability. Data acquisitions carried out through a ground-based synthetic aperture radar interferometer, operating in K_u band, installed in front of the observed slopes, are discussed. Two case studies, based on the use of the same apparatus (formerly developed by the Joint Research Center of the European Commission and by Ellegi-LiSALab srl), are reported: the first one concerns the monitoring of a large landslide, named Ruinon (Valfurva, Italy). The second one deals with the monitoring of the NW unstable slope in the Stromboli island aimed to implementing an early warning system. Acquired interferometric data are processed to provide displacements and velocity maps of the monitored area. The monitoring services ongoing on the Ruinon landslide and on Stromboli demonstrate the capability of this technique to operate in different operative settings (i.e., different phenomena and geological framework) and for different aims (monitoring for prevention, early warning, and emergency assessment). This methodology has also been proved by national and regional authorities of civil protection in order to provide a real-time monitoring for emergency management.  相似文献   

Plant species as indicators of geochemical anomalies: Experiences onIlex aquifolium (holly)     

P. Cellini Legittimo  L. Ducceschi  M. Martini 《Environmental Geology》1995,25(2):114-118

The distribution of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu, in plants growing in mineralized and sterile areas of Tuscany has been studied to verify if and to what extent metalaccumulating species represent evidence of geochemical anomalies in soils. Samples of leaves and twigs from trees were collected, and analyzed by means of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Hollies, brambles, and Holm oaks in particular were considered in the mineralized area of Bottino, and the special aptitude of hollies in concentrating Cd with respect to the other metals has been verified. Cadmium has been previously recognized as a pathfinder for zinc ore bodies; the results of this investigation appear to point out the relevance of holly as a bioindicator of geochemical zinc anomalies. Lower metal concentration characterizes the same species from other mineralized and sterile zones, with the exception of the urbanized area of Florence, where relatively higher Zn concentrations in hollies appear to be due to atmospheric pollution.  相似文献   

Geochemical survey on the phreatic waters of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands,Italy)     

M. Martini 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1980,43(1):265-274

In the frame of a geochemical surveillance survey of Vulcano, the phreatic waters, mainly from wells located at the Northern basis of the active volcanic centre, were studied over a time span of sixteen months. On the basis of fundamental chemical composition, contamination by a shallow aquifer of brackish water and hydrothermal alteration of rocks seem the main processes to which the observed chemical picture can be attributed. An R-mode factor analysis procedure allowed to distinguish a principal factor associated to sodium, magnesium, chloride, possibly representing the contribution of the brackish aquifer, and three minor but distinct factors. These are respectively associated to calcium and sulfate, hydrogencarbonate, boric acid, and are considered as reflecting the influence of gaseous compounds from volcanic emanations. The variation in time of this influence appears in correlation with the variation of the observed temperature at the hottest fumaroies of the crater.  相似文献   

Sedimentology of a lacustrine barrier system at Wasaga Beach,Ontario, Canada     

I.P. Martini 《Sedimentary Geology》1975,14(3):169-190

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Variations in surface manifestations at vulcano (Aeolian Islands,Italy) as a possible evidence of deep processes     

M. Martini 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1983,46(1):83-86

Five years of geochemical surveillance at Vulcano have shown interesting changes in the physico-chemical characters of the fumaroles at the crater and of the phreatic waters in the surrounding area. In particular, 1) The maximum temperature of the fumaroles, which had been of about 200°C for at least 30 years, rose suddenly to above 300°C: after a period of rather constant values, a decreasing trend has recently been observed; 2) An increase of CO₂, S compounds and HF with respect to HCl, B, Br occurred in the gas composition contemporaneous to the rise in temperature. This increase is now gradually declining; 3) Higher concentrations of sulphate ion and silica in phreatic waters accompanied the thermal changes observed at the fumaroles. According to a model previously proposed (Martini et al., 1980), the increase in the above mentioned factors would reflect an increasing magmatic contribution to the volcanic system, which might be due to an increased permeability to fluids at depth. Because a sensible seismic shock occurred in the area a few months after the first chemical and thermal variations had been observed, such variations may be regarded as forerunners of the seismic event, and may be used to forecast some months in advance changes occurring at depth. The work was carried out within the research programme of C.N.R. Centro di Studio per la Mineralogia e la Geochimica dei Sedimenti, Florence, Italy.  相似文献   

Geomorphology of the Boao coastal system and potential effects of human activities -Hainan Island, South China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ZHUDakui YINYong PeterMARTINI 《地理学报(英文版)》2005,15(2):187-198

1 IntroductionThe objectives of this paper are to analyze the principal characteristics of the W anquan Riverdelta that has developed in a narrow , shallow lagoon, and to determ ine the effect that theever-increasing hum an activities of the area m ay hav…  相似文献   

Volcanic geomorphology and tectonics of the Aeolian archipelago (Southern Italy) based on integrated DEM data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Massimiliano FavalliM  Dávid Karátson  Roberto Mazzuoli  Maria Teresa Pareschi  Guido Ventura 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2005,68(2):157-170

The geomorphological and morphometric analysis of the sea floor topography surrounding the Aeolian Islands, South Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy, provides insights into the relationships between the volcanological evolution of the islands and their tectonic features. We constructed geomorphological maps of the submarine portions of the seven large edifices constituting the islands on the basis of a DEM with a 5 m resolution step. These maps include constructional and destructional landforms such as submarine volcanic vents located west of Lipari and north of Alicudi, and hummocky surfaces recognised north of Lipari and Salina. The latter landforms, together with the occurrence of large scars affecting the main edifices on land, suggest that sector collapses affected some islands. Geomorphological data indicate that the location of subaerial and submarine vents is strongly controlled by local tectonic structures striking WNW-ESE (Alicudi-Filicudi sector), NNW-SSE (Salina-Lipari-Vulcano sector) and NE-SW (Panarea-Stromboli sector). The islands can be divided into two groups on the basis of some morphometric parameters: a first group with a pancake-like shape, Dp/D (abrasion platform diameter/basal diameter) higher than 0.40 and H/D (total height/basal diameter) lower than 0.13, and a second group with a conical shape, characterised by Dp/D lower than 0.34 and H/D higher than 0.14. These ratios and other morphometric parameters reflect the different volcanological and structural evolution of the Aeolian Islands. The pancake-like shaped complexes have been created, in addition to their submarine stage, by extrusive and highly explosive activity, whereas the cone-shaped edifices have been characterised by effusive or moderate explosive activity.Editorial responsibility: C Kilburn  相似文献   

Short-term vertical velocity field in the Apennines (Italy) revealed by geodetic levelling data   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

E. D'Anastasio  P.M. De Martini  G. Selvaggi  D. Pantosti  A. Marchioni  R. Maseroli   《Tectonophysics》2006,418(3-4):219-234

We estimate current vertical movements along the Apennines (Italy) through repeatedly measured high precision levelling routes. In order to highlight regional crustal deformation the analysis of a geodetic database, with a minimum benchmark density of 0.7 bm/km (1943–2003 time period), is carried out. We evaluate systematic and random error and their propagation along the levelling routes. Tests on original raw height data have been carried out to define error propagation. The computed relative vertical rates stand significantly above error propagation. A series of traverses along and across the Apennines and a map of relative vertical velocities reveal a geodetic signal characterised by values up to 2.5–3.0 mm/a and by wavelengths up to 100 km.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of the Submarine Gaseous Emissions of Panarea (Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy): Magmatic vs. Hydrothermal Origin and Implications for Volcanic Surveillance     

Giovanni Chiodini  Stefano Caliro  Giorgio Caramanna  Domenico Granieri  Carmine Minopoli  Roberto Moretti  Lavinia Perotta  Guido Ventura 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(4):759-780

The marine sector surrounding Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, South Italy) is affected by widespread submarine emissions of CO₂ -rich gases and thermal water discharges which have been known since the Roman Age. On November 3^rd, 2002 an anomalous degassing event affected the area, probably in response to a submarine explosion. The concentrations of minor reactive gases (CO, CH₄ and H₂) of samples collected in November and December, 2002 show drastic compositional changes when compared to previous samples collected from the same area in the 1980s. In particular the samples collected after the November 3^rd phenomenon display relative increases in H₂ and CO and a strong decrease in the CH₄ contents, while other gas species show no significant change. The interaction of the original gas with seawater explains the variable contents of CO₂, H₂S, N₂, Ar and He which characterize the different samples, but cannot explain the large variations of CO, CH₄ and H₂ which are instead compatible with changes in the redox, temperature and pressure conditions of the system. Two models, both implying an increasing input of magmatic fluids are compatible with the observed variations of minor reactive species. In the first one, the input of magmatic fluids drives the hydrothermal system towards atypical (more oxidizing) redox conditions, slowly pressurizing the system up to a critical state. In the second one, the hydrothermal system is flashed by the rising high-T volcanic fluid, suddenly released by a magmatic body at depth. The two models have different implications for volcanic surveillance and risk assessment: In the first case, the November 3^rd event may represent both the culmination of a relatively slow process which caused the overpressurization of the hydrothermal system and the beginning of a new phase of quiescence. The possible evolution of the second model is unforeseeable because it is mainly related to the thermal, baric and compositional state of the deep magmatic system that is poorly known.  相似文献   

Determination of the Physical Parameters of Binary Systems: A Statistical Approach     

Fabrizio Barone  Santi Mancuso  Leopoldo Milano  Guido Russo 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1998,260(4):469-491

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