Contrasting regional and global climate simulations over South Asia     

Rana  Arun  Nikulin  Grigory  Kjellstr&#;m  Erik  Strandberg  Gustav  Kupiainen  Marco  Hansson  Ulf  Kolax  Michael 《Climate Dynamics》2020,54(5):2883-2901

Climate Dynamics - Two ensembles of climate simulations, one global and one regional, are used to investigate model errors and projected climate change in seasonal mean temperature and...  相似文献   

Das Vulkangebiet zwischen den Seen Ranco und Puyéhue in Süd-Chile     

Gustav Hantke 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1940,7(1):75-83

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Photometry of the minima of TX Herculis     

Gustav A. Bakos  Jozef Tremko 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1974,31(2):427-448

Three epochs of primary and four epochs of secondary minima of TX Her were determined from photoelectric observations made between 1968 and 1973. The individual observations in three colours are given in Tables I-III.  相似文献   

The “Donauplatin”: source rock analysis and origin of a distal fluvial Au-PGE placer in Central Europe     

Harald G. Dill  Detlev Klosa  Gustav Steyer 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,96(3-4):141-161

The mineral assemblage and the sedimentological characteristics of the “Donauplatin” (Danubian fluvial placer containing platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold (Au)) are described for the first time in connection with upstream reference placer deposits near the potential source area in tributaries of the River Danube/Donau. Granulometric and morphometric data have been obtained using the CCD-based CAMSIZER technique. The platinum-group minerals (PGM; iridium, osmium, unknown iridium-osmium-sulfide, ruthenium-osmium-iridium alloys, platinum-iron alloys, iridium-bearing platinum, sperrylite) have been derived from ultramafic magmatic rocks, probably belonging to the ophiolitic series in the Tepla Barrandian unit of the Bohemian Massif. The Au-Pd-Cu compounds in the placer originated from dynamo-metamorphogenic processes in a sulfur-deficient environment at the SW edge of the Bavarian Basement. Gold in the “Donauplatin” has been reworked from a “secondary” or intermediate repository of lateritic gold (Boddington-type). Its primary source is supposed to be of orogenic origin. Provenance analyses of the associated non-heavy minerals point to high-pressure metamorphic rocks, igneous rocks (monazite) and high-temperature metamorphic rocks (750° to 850°C, zircon morphology). Garnet compositions indicate that meta(ultra)basic igneous rocks, calc-silicate rocks and skarns prevailed over paragneisses in the provenance area. Extraterrestrial processes creating the well-known Ries impact crater in the environs of Nördlingen during the Miocene have a minor share in the PGE budget by delivering molybdenum-ruthenium-osmium-iridium alloys and iridium solid-solution series (s.s.s.) minerals. Judging by the heavy mineral suites, Saxothuringian source rocks of the NE Bavarian Basement connected with the Donau River via the Naab River drainage system have not contributed to the element budget of the “Donauplatin” under study. Stream sediments which have been derived from this provenance area are characterized by low-temperature (LT) crystalline rocks and a considerable proportion of pegmatitic and metabauxitic material lacking in the Holocene sediments of the “Donauplatin”.  相似文献   

Modeling creep and rate effects in structured anisotropic soft clays   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Gustav Grimstad  Samson Abate Degago  Steinar Nordal  Minna Karstunen 《Acta Geotechnica》2010,5(1):69-81

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Phenomenological issues related to strain localization in sensitive clays     

Vikas Thakur  Steinar Nordal  Gustav Grimstad 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(6):1729-1747

A negative second order work, strain softening, is often noticed in contractant material like sensitive clays. Failure in such clays will lead to the formation of localized deformation zone of intense inelastic strain, known as shear band. Conditions, emergence and inclination of shear band has been very well demonstrated in past decades in different manners, however a definite thickness of shear band is still an open question due to several reasons. Mesh dependency, loss of ellipticity is another challenge associated with finite element analyses for strain softening clays. This paper covers a comprehensive review of classical theories of strain localization and associated limitation. Mesh dependency, ill-possed boundary value problem is addressed using finite element simulation examples and experimental results.  相似文献   

Second homes and local development: Issues arising from Cape Town's De Waterkant     

Gustav Visser 《GeoJournal》2004,60(3):259-271

The paper aims to make a contribution towards addressing the current paucity of academic reflection on second home development in South Africa. The paper focuses on the intersection between tourism, second homes and local development, as embodied in the empirical realities of a Cape Town neighbourhood — De Waterkant. It is argued that this particular case study presents an example of the types of local development impacts that second home expansion holds for host communities. These impacts include employment generation, urban conservation, a range of forward and backward economic linkages, as well as a flexible tourist accommodation supply. Moreover, the case study elucidates an interesting example of second homes as sites of simultaneous tourism space production and consumption at work. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Übersicht über die vulkanische Tätigkeit 1954–1956     

Gustav Hantke 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1959,20(1):3-33

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Silikatische Kupferlagerstätten in Nordchile     

Dipl.-ing. Gustav Roethe 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1975,64(1):421-456

The formation of isolated silicateous copper deposits is controlled by two main conditions:

1. oversaturation of groundwaters in silica
2. lateral inflow of copper bearing and slightly acid solutions originating from the oxidation of primary sulfide deposits.

The basic copper silicate chrysocolla is formed by chemisorption of copper ions by disilicic acid with a net-like structure. Under favourable conditions copper silicate deposits are formed which contain up to several million tons of copper as for example the La Exotica deposit in Northern Chile. The copper values of these deposits sometimes exceed those of the primary sulfide deposits. Thus, the oxidation of sulfide deposits, the migration of copper bearing solutions and the chemisorption of copper ions by the disilicic acid can result in workable new copper concentrations originating from sulfide protores. High concentrations of silica in groundwaters and thus the chemisorption of copper ions by the disilicic acid as an ore forming process is restricted to arid or semiarid regions. Therefore it is proposed to call such deposits arid silicateous infiltration deposits. Infiltration deposits are related to weathering processes. “They comprise products of weathering by which valuable substances were leached from the host rocks, migrated in groundwaters and were redeposited in other neighbouring rocks” (Smirnov, 1970, p. 324).  相似文献   

Die Küste Dithmarschens im Kartenbild von 1559     

Gustav Jacoby 《Ocean Dynamics》1958,11(4):166-177

Zusammenfassung Seit langer Zeit liegt in der österreichischen Nationalbibliothek in Wien ein Karten-Unikum: der Original-Holzschnitt von Petrus Boeckels Karte von Dithmarschen wÄhrend der Unterwerfung 1559. Eine ganze Reihe von Nachbildungen bis etwa 1608 und sodann ein Kupferstich in einer — inzwischen recht selten gewordenen — Chronik von A. Vieth, 1733, haben in der Literatur zu Verwechslungen und Irrtümern Anla\ gegeben. Wahrscheinlich, weil die meisten Verfasser, bis in neueste Zeiten, das Original in Wien nie gesehen haben.Zu einer Besprechung der Originalkarte erwies es sich zuallererst als nötig, die verschiedenen Karten ganz scharf zu unterscheiden, um erneute Mi\verstÄndnisse zu vermeiden. — Im folgenden sollen die Karten einzeln behandelt und ihre Beziehungen oder AbhÄngigkeiten klargestellt werden (vgl. Tab. 1, S. 167). Dazu war es erforderlich, wo dies nur irgend ging, den Bildma\stab der BlÄtter als eines der wichtigen Unterscheidungsmittel trotz vieler schwerwiegender zeichnerischer Verzerrungen zu berechnen.Diese topographischen Verzerrungen beeintrÄchtigen aber nicht die hervorragende Leistung Boeckels, der damals in einer Zeit grö\ter Fortschritte der Kartographie eine landmesserische Arbeit zustande gebracht hat, die nicht hoch genug bewertet werden kann. Dieser Gesichtspunkt soll durch Vergleich mit zeitgenössischen Karten gewürdigt werden.

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The coast of Dithmarschen as it is represented on maps edited in about 1559 and later

Summary For a long time, the National Library of Austria in Vienna is holding the unique of a map: the original wood engraving by Petrus Boeckel showing the land of Dithmarschen (Schleswig-Holstein) at the time of the conquest by King Frederic II of Denmark and the Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein in 1559. Quite a number of copies dating from the time between 1559 to about 1608 and a copper engraving, included in a chronicle — now rare — by Vieth 1733, gave rise to many confusion and mistakes in literature, apparently due to the fact that, up to the present time, most of the authors never saw the original wood engraving itself.The discussion of the original map made it necessary to first clearly discriminate between the different maps in order to avoid new misunderstandings. For this reason, the maps in question are individually discussed and their interdependency is laid open (cf. table 1, page 167). Another requirement was the computation of the maps' scales as one of the most discriminative means; this had to be done whenever such computation proved feasible and in spite of many grave topographic distortions residing in the drawing.The topographic distortions may, however, not be regarded as detrimental to Boeckel's remarkable achievement who, at an epoch of eminent progress in cartography, accomplished a survey work of great value. In support of this appreciation a comparison is made with contemporary maps.

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La cÔte du pays des Dithmarses comme elle se trouve représentée sur les cartes géographiques parues en et après 1559

Résumé La Librairie Nationale de l'Autriche à Vienne possède depuis longtemps l'exemplaire unique d'une carte géographique: l'Original de la gravure sur bois par Petrus Boeckel. Cette gravure représente le pays des Dithmarses à l'époque de sa conquÊte en 1559 par le roi Frédéric II de Danemark et les ducs de Slesvig-Holstein. Toute une série de copies publiées jusqu'à 1608 environ ainsi qu'une gravure en taille douce — entretemps devenue très rare — qui fait part d'une chronique de 1733 par A. Vieth, ont donné lieu, en littérature, à des confusions et des erreurs, apparemment dues au fait que la plupart des auteurs n'ont jamais eu l'occasion de regarder de leurs propres yeux l'original à Vienne.La discussion de la carte originale exigea en premier lieu, de séparer nettement les diverses cartes pour éviter la formation d'autres erreurs. Pour cette raison, le travail actuel soumet les cartes en question à une étude individuelle (voir le tableau 1, page 167). Le calcul de l'échelle des cartes différentes s'étant montré un des moyens de distinction les plus essentiels, on s'est mis dans ce travail à ce calcul malgré le grand nombre de graves distortions au point de vue du dessin.Ces distorsions topographiques ne déprécient pas, cependant, la valeur des remarquables travaux cartographiques de Boeckel, qui a effectué des levés topographiques d'une grande utilité à une époque d'éminents progrès dans le domaine de la cartographie. Pour soutenir cet aspect, la carte de Boeckel est comparée avec des cartes géographiques contemporaines.

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