春夏季青藏高原积雪对中国夏末秋初 降水的影响及其可能机制   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

霍飞  江志红  刘征宇 《大气科学》2014,38(2):352-362

本文首先利用最大协方差分析方法,探讨青藏高原积雪与中国降水之间的联系,发现中国夏末秋初（8～10月,简称ASO）降水与前期及同期高原积雪有着显著联系,当春夏季青藏高原西部多雪时,其后ASO中国长江及其以南地区多雨,而东部沿海的狭长区域少雨。进一步引入最大响应估计等方法,研究中国区域降水对高原积雪异常的响应及其可能的物理机制,结果表明,冬春季高原多雪异常可持续到夏季,并通过改变地表热力状况,导致ASO南亚高压减弱,同时在高、低空激发出两支波列:高层200 hPa波列沿中高纬西风急流传播,自高原经蒙古到达日本呈现明显的“负—正—负”位势高度异常传播,日本上空为气旋性异常环流;低层850 hPa波列起于高原,经孟加拉湾至中国南海,沿着西南气流传播,导致台湾附近的反气旋性异常环流,其西侧的偏南气流,将南海丰富的水汽输送至中国南部湖南、广西;而高层中心位于日本的气旋性异常环流西侧的偏北气流利于北方天气尺度扰动向南移动,它们为长江中下游及其以南地区多雨提供了有利条件。进一步计算定常波波数也表明,高层西风急流与低层西南季风气流作为波导,有利于高原上空的扰动沿着高、低空2支通道向东传播。由于东部沿海浙江、福建为正位势高度异常区,低层反气旋性异常环流则抑制了该区域的降水。  相似文献   

海洋平台抛锚方式模糊优化设计方法          下载免费PDF全文

霍发力  杨德庆 《海洋工程》2014,32(2):52-60

海上钻井平台由于工作地点经常发生变化,工作环境条件随之改变,锚泊抛锚方式就要相应更改。本文针对深海半潜平台及其悬链线式系泊定位系统,运用平台与锚链耦合运动时域分析方法,对其水动力性能进行探索,并提出一种运用模糊算法计算平台抛锚方式优化设计方法,此方法可使钻井平台在风暴自存工况和钻井工作工况下更快更好地找到最佳抛锚方式。以一典型的半潜式钻井平台为例进行数值模拟,结果表明本文提出的方法是可行的,能够很方便地找到比较好的抛锚方式来满足相关要求。这种锚泊优化设计方法可为平台及其系泊系统设计提供参考。  相似文献   

基于Stacked ConvLSTM的时间序列森林火烧迹地检测     

李淑君  郑柯  唐娉  霍连志  袁媛 《遥感学报》2022,26(10):1976-1987

确定森林火烧迹地的准确时间点以及空间范围对于森林的受损评价、管理、碳核算以及森林恢复的管理有重要意义。由于森林火烧迹地在空间分布上具有一定的连续性,现有的森林火烧迹地提取方法大都采用先分类再后处理的两步处理策略来抑制虚警像素的影响。本文提出将时空检测方法Stacked ConvLSTM用于时间序列森林火烧迹地的检测,在保持结果具有较好空间连续性的基础上避免了具有主观性的后处理操作,实现端到端提取森林火烧迹地信息,提升了森林火烧迹地的提取精度。采用MODIS时间序列数据,基于2001年—2008年以及2001年—2016年的黑龙江沾河林业局伊南河林场和内蒙古自治区毕拉河林业局北大河林场两个区域的历史时间序列,分别对这两个区域2009年以及2017年发生的特大火灾区域进行火烧迹地检测,利用Stacked ConvLSTM、Stacked LSTM以及bfast算法在两个区域的MODIS时间序列中提取森林火烧迹地,并将火烧迹地检测结果与ESA发布的Fire_CCI 5.1火烧迹地产品进行对比分析。结果表明：首先,从目视效果来看,在研究区域Ⅰ,Stacked ConvLSTM检测的结果比Stacked LSTM和bfast算法错误检测点少,并且在空间分布也保持较高连续性;在研究区域Ⅱ,Stacked ConvLSTM检测到了较完整的火烧迹地区域。其次,在定量的精度评价指标上,在研究区域Ⅰ,Stacked ConvLSTM的精确度比Stacked LSTM和bfast算法分别高出0.120和0.405,并且召回率、准确度和F1-score也更高,Fire_CCI 5.1召回率虽更高,由于错检区域较大,其他精度指标远低于Stacked ConvLSTM;在研究区域Ⅱ,Stacked ConvLSTM精确度达0.924,召回率、准确度和F1-score相比Stacked LSTM和bfast算法以及Fire_CCI 5.1更高。  相似文献   

Sulfur Concentration in Geochemical Reference Materials by Solution Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry     

Monica E. Erdman  Cin‐Ty A. Lee  Wenbo Yang  Lynn Ingram 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2014,38(1):51-60

With implications for the origin of ore deposits, redox state of the atmosphere, and effects of volcanic outgassing, understanding the sulfur cycle is vital to our investigation of Earth processes. However, the paucity of sulfur concentration measurements in silicate rocks and the lack of well‐calibrated reference materials with concentrations relevant to the rocks of interest have hindered such investigations. To aid in this endeavour, this study details a new method to determine sulfur concentration via high mass resolution solution inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The method is based on an aqua regia leach, involving relatively rapid sample preparation and analysis, and uses small test portion masses (< 50 mg). We utilised two independently prepared standard solutions to calibrate the analyses, resulting in 4% accuracy, and applied the method to eight geochemical reference materials. Measurements were reproducible to within ~ 10%. Sulfur concentrations and isotopes of six reference materials were measured additionally by elemental analyser‐combustion‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry to independently evaluate the accuracy of the ICP‐MS method. Reference materials that yielded reproducible measurements identical to published values from other laboratories (JGb‐1, JGb‐2 and MAG‐1) are considered useful materials for the measurement of sulfur. Reference materials that varied between studies but were reproducible for a given test portion perhaps suffer from sample heterogeneity and are not recommended as sulfur reference materials.  相似文献   

Comparison of Blast-Induced Damage Between Presplit and Smooth Blasting of High Rock Slope     

Yingguo Hu  Wenbo Lu  Ming Chen  Peng Yan  Jianhua Yang 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(4):1307-1320

This paper focuses on the comparison of damage induced by smooth blasting and presplit blasting based on the excavation of high rock slope. The whole damage process of the smooth blasting and presplit blasting excavation method is studied by using a cumulative blasting damage numerical simulation technology based on the secondary development of the dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA. The results demonstrate that, in the case of contour blasting with the method of smooth blasting, the total damage of rock slope is a result of cumulated damage induced by the production hole, buffering hole, and smooth hole. Among the total damage, the blasting of the production hole is the main resource, followed by the smooth and buffering holes. For the presplit blasting, the final damage of rock slope is mainly induced by presplit blasting itself. The spatial distribution characteristics of the final damage zone of two methods are compared. Two classes of damage zone could be found in smooth blasting excavation; one of them is the columnar high-degree damage zone around the slope surface and the other is the low-degree damage zone located in the middle of the slope. But in the case of presplit blasting, there is only the columnar high-degree damage zone around the slope surface. Finally, a damage control suggestion for two blasting excavation methods is proposed and verified based on the excavation of the temporary shiplock slopes of the Three Gorges Project in China.  相似文献   

基于GIS的南方丝绸之路国内段交通路线网络重建研究     

霍仁龙  任柳 《地理研究》2022,41(4):1122-1135

南方丝绸之路交通路线网络的重建与研究,有利于深化历史时期中国西南边疆各区域之间和中国与东南亚、南亚等地区之间经济贸易发展和文化交流与合作的认识。本文利用历史文献资料、历史地理学等研究成果、田野调查资料、当代交通和遥感影像数据、DEM数据等,复原汉晋、唐宋、元、明清4个时期南方丝绸之路国内段的交通路线网络,分析影响古代西南山区交通路线走向的人文和自然因素,对比研究古代交通里程与实测距离之间的比例关系。结果显示：① 南方丝绸之路川滇间的交通网络格局在汉晋时期即已基本形成,两千年来相对较为稳定;云南内部和经云南出境的交通路线网络呈现出更加多元化的趋势。② 中央王朝对西南边疆少数民族地区统治力度的变化等人文因素在不同时期对南方丝绸之路交通路线的整体格局及空间演变起到重要作用。③ 在影响南方丝绸之路交通路线具体走向的自然因素中,海拔2200 m、坡度20°是重要的阈值。④ 历史时期西南山区1古代里约可换算为实测距离0.45 km。  相似文献   

Integrating hydrochemical and microbial methods to identify hydraulic connections between three saltworks in southern Laizhou Bay,China     

Yang  Fan  Jia  Chao  Chang  Wenbo  Yang  Haitao  Wang  Cong  Fan  Qinghe 《Hydrogeology Journal》2022,30(6):1847-1862

Exploring hydraulic connections between brine mining wells is of great significance to the development of geological resources; however, there are still challenges to accurately identifying these connections. In this study, a combination of hydrochemical and biological analyses was used to investigate the hydraulic connections between three saltworks (Yangkou, Hanting, and Changyi) in southern Laizhou Bay, China. The results showed that the groundwater recharge sources at Yangkou saltworks, and therefore the associated salts and hydrochemical composition of the brine, were different from those of the other two saltworks. The diversity and composition of the microbial community among the three saltworks were identified based on a high-throughput DNA sequencing method. The brines of Hanting and Changyi saltworks had greater similarity in terms of microbial diversity and composition, which was consistent with the hydrochemical results. Based on microbial analysis combined with hydrochemistry, the depths of the mining wells at Hanting saltworks were identified, along with the hydraulic connection with Changyi saltworks. As a tool to judge the hydraulic connections of geological reservoirs, microbial analysis combined with hydrochemistry may be applicable to a wider range of subsurface resources, such as oil and gas, which will provide new ideas for the rational development of underground resources.

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冈底斯南缘打加错地区竟柱山组沉积特征及其时代          下载免费PDF全文

李鹏举  梁志勇  火久伟  曹勇刚 《甘肃地质》2022,(2):16-23

竟柱山组地层出露于西藏昂仁县打加错东地区,是一套以砂岩、砾岩为主的陆相碎屑岩建造,通过野外剖面测制、样品采集、分析测试及同位素年代学研究,分析了竟柱山组地层、沉积环境、沉积相、岩石地球化学特征等,认为该组地层为一套红色磨拉石建造,其形成于打加错断陷湖盆的河流—湖泊相沉积环境。竟柱山组上部安山岩透镜体中锆石U-Pb同位素年龄89. 97 ± 0. 7 Ma,其地层时代为晚白垩世。  相似文献   

胶东金矿成矿深度的构造校正测算及成矿预测     

吕承训  张达  许亚青  郭涛  王宗永  霍庆龙  袁月蕾 《地学前缘》2022,29(1):427-438

成矿深度测算对于矿床学理论研究和深部找矿都有重要意义。经典的成矿深度“压力/比重”计算方法,缺乏考虑构造应力在成矿过程中的影响。前人按照“压力/比重”的计算方法,提出胶东蚀变岩金矿是6 000~8 000 m深的元古宙成矿,石英脉型金矿是深度在3 000 m左右的中生代成矿,并据此建立了金矿垂直五层楼的分带模式。依据该模式指导的深部预测勘查效果不好。“成矿深度构造校正测算”是近几十年逐渐成长起来的一个新方法,即先减去“构造附加压力”后再进行成矿深度测算。本文介绍“成矿深度构造校正测算”的计算方法,指出其应用条件和预测意义。开展成矿深度构造校正测算需要以下条件:(1)确定成矿模式;(2)开展野外构造变形岩相测量;(3)测量岩石矿物应变,恢复成矿构造应力场,计算构造附加静水压力;(4)测算成矿深度。根据“成矿深度构造校正测算”方法已经获得胶东多个典型金矿成矿深度的测算结果:(1)夏甸金矿成矿深度为-1 979.51~-3 014.72 m;(2)焦家金矿成矿深度为-1 632.4~-2 331.6 m;(3)大尹格庄金矿成矿深度为-2 775.4~-4 164.5 m;(4)新城金矿成矿深度为-1 781.29~-2 750.0 m;(5)玲珑金矿成矿深度为-720.55~-3 454.97 m。根据以上典型金矿成矿深度的测算结果,本文认为胶东金矿属于深-1 000~-4 500 m的浅成热液剪切带型矿床,由此推断胶东典型金矿矿体主要部分仍然赋存在深部。按照“构造校正测算”方法得到的成矿深度,结合地质、物探和化探信息,预测金矿发育“深部第二富集带”,已经得到胶东金矿勘查工作的证实。  相似文献   

基于IDA的层间隔震结构失效模式研究          下载免费PDF全文

李天明  刘德稳  罗晓轩  霍一然  杨忠楠  雷敏 《世界地震工程》2022,38(4):132-142

层间隔震结构是由基础隔震结构发展而来的一种新型隔震结构。为研究层间隔震结构的倒塌,需先研究不同层间隔震结构的不同失效模式和失效位置,文章建立了3个不同结构参数的层间隔震结构有限元模型,选取20条与抗震规范反应谱吻合的地震动,采用增量动力分析（IDA）方法,分别对其失效模式和失效位置进行研究。研究表明:基于不同的结构参数,层间隔震的基本失效模式有三种,即隔震层水平位移超限导致结构失效、下部结构层间位移角超限导致结构失效、隔震层拉压应力超限导致结构失效;隔震层下部结构和隔震层最外边缘支座为结构的薄弱位置,应引起更多关注。此方法不仅可以研究结构的不同失效模式,还可以确定失效位置,可为下一步层间隔震结构的抗倒塌分析提供理论基础。  相似文献