Climate Change and Cryptosporidiosis: A Qualitative Analysis     

Elizabeth Casman  Baruch Fischhoff  Mitchell Small  Hadi Dowlatabadi  Joan Rose  M. Granger Morgan 《Climatic change》2001,50(1-2):219-249

The effects of climate change on drinking-waterborne cryptosporidiosis transmission in the United States are analyzed using an influence diagram representation of epidemic development. Results from a systematic qualitative analysis indicate that climate change will have little effect on cryptosporidiosis incidence if the United States continues to be wealthy and maintains its commitment to public health. The major impact will, instead, be the additional costs of adapting to new climate regimes in order to avoid drinking-waterborne disease risk. These costs, for the most part, will be from improved monitoring and treatment of drinking water. The consequences of disaster scenarios are also considered. These, too, suggest that climate change per se will be a poor predictor of waterborne cryptosporidiosis in countries with high standards of living. Rather, the risk of epidemics will depend on the interplay between population, public health investment, infrastructure maintenance, emergency planning/response capabilities, water-treatment technologies, drinking-water regulations, and climate.  相似文献   

Special issue on Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectono-magmatic evolution of Iran     

Hossein Azizi  Jan Golonka  Federico Rossetti  Hadi Shafaii Moghadam 《International Geology Review》2020,62(13-14):1611-1614

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Evaluation of shear strength of rock joints subjected to cyclic loading   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

M. K. Jafari  K. Amini Hosseini  F. Pellet  M. Boulon  O. Buzzi 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2003,23(7):619

Variation of the shear strength of rock joints due to cyclic loadings is studied in the present paper. Identical joint surfaces were prepared using a developed moulding method with special mortar and shear tests were performed on these samples under both static and cyclic loading conditions. Different levels of shear displacement were applied on the samples to study joint behaviour before and during considerable relative shear displacement. It was found that the shear strength of joints is related to rate of displacement (shearing velocity), number of loading cycles and stress amplitude. Finally, based on the experimental results, mathematical models were developed for evaluation of shear strength in cyclic loading conditions.  相似文献   

If only theoretical economic analyses gave a credible accounting of human action!     

Hadi Dowlatabadi 《Climate Policy》2003,3(4):465-467

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Context Matters: What Shapes Adaptation to Water Stress in the Okanagan?     

Philippa Shepherd  James Tansey  Hadi Dowlatabadi 《Climatic change》2006,78(1):31-62

This paper describes two case studies of demand-side water management in the Okanagan region of southern British Columbia, Canada. The case studies reveal important lessons about how local context shapes the process of adaptation; in these cases, adaptation to rising and changing water demand under a regime of increasingly limited supply in a semi-arid region. Both case studies represent examples of water meter implementation, specifically volume-based pricing in a residential area and as a compliance tool in a mainly farming district. While the initiative was successful in the residential setting, agricultural metering met with stiff resistance. These cases suggest many factors shape the character of the adaptation process, including: interpretation of the signal relative to context, newness of the approach, consumer values, and local and provincial political agendas. Although context has been explored in resource management circles, thus far climate change adaptation research has not adequately discussed the embeddedness of adaptation. In other words, how context matters and what aspects of context, unrelated to climate change, could encourage or thwart the act of adapting. This study is a simple illustration of the potential drivers, barriers and enabling factors that have influenced the adaptation process of water management decisions in the Okanagan.  相似文献   

Prediction of river flow using hybrid neuro-fuzzy models     

Armin Azad  Saeed Farzin  Hamed Kashi  Hadi Sanikhani  Hojat Karami  Ozgur Kisi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(22):718

The complex nature of hydrological phenomena, like rainfall and river flow, causes some limitations for some admired soft computing models in order to predict the phenomenon. Evolutionary algorithms (EA) are novel methods that used to cover the weaknesses of the classic training algorithms, such as trapping in local optima, poor performance in networks with large parameters, over-fitting, and etc. In this study, some evolutionary algorithms, including genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony optimization for continuous domain (ACO_R), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), have been used to train adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in order to predict river flow. For this purpose, classic and hybrid ANFIS models were trained using river flow data obtained from upstream stations to predict 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-day ahead river flow of downstream station. The best inputs were selected using correlation coefficient and a sensitivity analysis test (cosine amplitude). The results showed that PSO improved the performance of classic ANFIS in all the periods such that the averages of coefficient of determination, R², root mean square error, RMSE (m³/s), mean absolute relative error, MARE, and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) were improved up to 0.19, 0.30, 43.8, and 0.13%, respectively. Classic ANFIS was only capable to predict river flow in 1-day ahead while EA improved this ability to 5-day ahead. Cosine amplitude method was recognized as an appropriate sensitivity analysis method in order to select the best inputs.  相似文献   

Multiscale formulation for coupled flow-heat equations arising from single-phase flow in fractured geothermal reservoirs     

Timothy Praditia  Rainer Helmig  Hadi Hajibeygi 《Computational Geosciences》2018,22(5):1305-1322

Efficient heat exploitation strategies from geothermal systems demand for accurate and efficient simulation of coupled flow-heat equations on large-scale heterogeneous fractured formations. While the accuracy depends on honouring high-resolution discrete fractures and rock heterogeneities, specially avoiding excessive upscaled quantities, the efficiency can be maintained if scalable model-reduction computational frameworks are developed. Addressing both aspects, this work presents a multiscale formulation for geothermal reservoirs. To this end, the nonlinear time-dependent (transient) multiscale coarse-scale system is obtained, for both pressure and temperature unknowns, based on elliptic locally solved basis functions. These basis functions account for fine-scale heterogeneity and discrete fractures, leading to accurate and efficient simulation strategies. The flow-heat coupling is treated in a sequential implicit loop, where in each stage, the multiscale stage is complemented by an ILU(0) smoother stage to guarantee convergence to any desired accuracy. Numerical results are presented in 2D to systematically analyze the multiscale approximate solutions compared with the fine scale ones for many challenging cases, including the outcrop-based geological fractured field. These results show that the developed multiscale formulation casts a promising framework for the real-field enhanced geothermal formations.  相似文献   

A multifractal cross-correlation investigation into sensitivity and dependence of meteorological and hydrological droughts on precipitation and temperature     

Rahmani  Farhang  Fattahi  Mohammad Hadi 《Natural Hazards》2021,109(3):2197-2219

Natural Hazards - Several studies have been conducted on droughts, precipitation, and temperature, whereas none have addressed the underlying relationship between nonlinear dynamic properties and...  相似文献   

Evaluating the efficiency of supplementary rebar system in improving hysteretic damping of self-centering rocking walls     

Sadeghi  Maedeh  Jandaghi Alaee  Farshid  Akbarzadeh Bengar  Habib  Jafari  Abouzar 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2022,20(11):6075-6107

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - Although self-centering rocking walls have shown acceptable performance in decreasing downtime, repair cost, and continuous serviceability, their energy...  相似文献   

New interpretable shear strength criterion for rock joints     

Fathipour-Azar  Hadi 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(4):1327-1341

Acta Geotechnica - Shear constitutive models of rock discontinuities have been viewed as an effective stability evaluation tool in the rock mass engineering application area. This paper proposes a...  相似文献