Mass transfer in eccentric binary stars     

Enikö Regös  Vernon C. Bailey  Rosemary Mardling 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,358(2):544-550

The concept of Roche lobe overflow is fundamental to the theory of interacting binaries. Based on potential theory, it is dependent on all the relevant material corotating in a single frame of reference. Therefore if the mass losing star is asynchronous with the orbital motion or the orbit is eccentric, the simple theory no longer applies and no exact analytical treatment has been found. We use an analytic approximation whose predictions are largely justified by smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations (SPH). We present SPH simulations of binary systems with the same semi-major axis   a = 5.55 R_⊙  , masses   M ₁= 1 M_⊙, M ₂= 2 M_⊙  and radius   R ₁= 0.89 R_⊙  for the primary star but with different eccentricities   e = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6  and 0.7. In each case the secondary star is treated as a point mass. When   e = 0.4  no mass is lost from the primary while at   e = 0.7  catastrophic mass transfer, partly through the L₂ point, takes place near periastron. This would probably lead to common-envelope evolution if star 1 were a giant or to coalescence for a main-sequence star. In between, at   e ≥ 0.5  , some mass is lost through the L₁ point from the primary close to periastron. However, rather than being all accreted by the secondary, some of the stream appears to leave the system. Our results indicate that the radius of the Roche lobe is similar to circular binaries when calculated for the separation and angular velocity at periastron. Part of the mass loss occurs through the L₂ point.  相似文献   

Centaurs from the Oort cloud and the origin of Jupiter-family comets     

V. V. Emel'yanenko  D. J. Asher  M. E. Bailey 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,361(4):1345-1351

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Calculated Variations in the H⁺ Content of the Plasmasphere     

J. A. Murphy  G. J. Bailey  R. J. Moffett 《Geophysical Journal International》1975,41(3):319-325

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Electron content modelling: The significance of protonospheric contents     

E.M. Poulter  J.K. Hargreaves  G.J. Bailey  R.J. Moffet 《Planetary and Space Science》1981,29(8):869-883

The principal advance of the ATS-6 satellite beacon experiment was the ability to deduce continuously the electron content along the entire slant path from ground-based measurements of the signal group delay. This feature has been exploited in conjunction with the more usual Faraday rotation technique to separate the total electron content into ionospheric and protonospheric components. The physical validity of the deduced quantities is investigated using a mathematical model of the plasmasphere in which integration of the time-dependent continuity and momentum equations for oxygen and hydrogen ions along selected L shells yields the ion concentrations and field-aligned fluxes. The ion concentrations are then integrated along the propagation path to various ground stations from ATS-6 to give computed values for comparison with observations. The mathematical model is used with different sets of atmospheric parameters to investigate the significance of ionospheric and protonospheric contents as derived from beacon data.The calculated electron concentrations are able to reproduce mid-latitude equinoctial electron content observations. The shape parameters τ and F can also be simulated by day, but night-time values do not match the observations well, a greater protonospheric content being required. The calculations show that the quantity N_p, which is readily derived from ATS-6 observations, may be interpreted as the slant H⁺ content above some fixed height in the case of some stations (but not others) if the plasmasphere is reasonably full. The total slant content of H⁺ is approx. twice the value of N_p, though it appears that for the Lancaster raypath a closer relationship exists between N_p and the H⁺ tube content at L = 1.8. In general,N_p is most closely related to the tube content for an L value slightly greater than the minimum L intersected along the raypath.  相似文献   

A modelling study of satellite beacon measurements of protonospheric replenishment     

E. M. Poulter  J. K. Hargreaves  G. J. Bailey  R. J. Moffett 《Planetary and Space Science》1981,29(12):1281-1286

Recent satellite beacon derived measurements of the recovery of protonospheric ionization following periods of increased geomagnetic activity show that the recovery takes longer than is indicated by whistler measurements. Realistic plasmasphere models have been used to determine whether satellite beacon measurements are reliable indicators of this recovery. It is found that the recovery time of the protonospheric content is similar to that of the minimum L-value flux tube intersected by the slant raypaths. Satellite beacon results are therefore useful indicators of protonospheric recovery after a storm provided any unrepresentative diurnal variations are eliminated.  相似文献   

Satellite beacon measurements of protonospheric fluxes     

E. M. Poulter  J. K. Hargreaves  G. J. Bailey  R. J. Moffett 《Planetary and Space Science》1981,29(12):1273-1280

The ionospheric and protonospheric regions of the plasmasphere, which are dominated by the O⁺ and H⁺ ionic species, respectively, interact by means of proton fluxes within tubes of magnetic force. The present study is concerned with the determination of these fluxes by the beacon satellite technique as used in the ATS-6 experiment in relation to three observing sites: Boulder, Colorado; Lancaster, U.K.; and Fairbanks, Alaska. From plasmasphere models based on solutions of the time dependent O⁺ and H⁺ momentum and continuity equations, it is shown that the time differential of the “residual content” as measured at Lancaster, provides a good estimate of the protonospheric flux at 4000km altitude in the L = 1.8 magnetic shell under quite geomagnetic conditions. The effect of the neutral thermospheric wind on the protonospheric flux is also investigated. Fluxes determined by the beacon technique for the period from September 1975 to July 1976 are shown, and these are compared with typical results derived from other techniques.  相似文献   

The distribution of carbon monoxide in the lower atmosphere of Venus     

Daniel V. Cotton  Jeremy Bailey  D. Crisp  V.S. Meadows 《Icarus》2012,217(2):570-584

We have obtained spatially resolved near-infrared spectroscopy of the Venus nightside on 15 nights over three observing seasons. We use the depth of the CO absorption band at 2.3 μm to map the two-dimensional distribution of CO across both hemispheres. Radiative transfer models are used to relate the measured CO band depth to the volume mixing ratio of CO. The results confirm previous investigations in showing a general trend of increased CO abundances at around 60° latitude north and south as compared with the equatorial regions. Observations taken over a few nights generally show very similar CO distributions, but significant changes are apparent over longer periods. In past studies it has been assumed that the CO latitudinal variation occurs near 35 km altitude, at which K-band sensitivity to CO is greatest. By modeling the detailed spectrum of the excess CO at high latitudes we show that it occurs at altitudes around 45 km, much higher than has previously been assumed, and that there cannot be significant contribution from levels of 36 km or lower. We suggest that this is most likely due to downwelling of CO-rich gas from the upper atmosphere at these latitudes, with the CO being removed by around 40 km through chemical processes such as the reaction with SO₃.  相似文献   

BIFoR FACE: Water–soil–vegetation–atmosphere data from a temperate deciduous forest catchment,including under elevated CO2     

A. Rob MacKenzie  Stefan Krause  Kris M. Hart  Richard M. Thomas  Phillip J. Blaen  R. Liz Hamilton  Giulio Curioni  Susan E. Quick  Angeliki Kourmouli  David M. Hannah  Sophie A. Comer-Warner  Nicolai Brekenfeld  Sami Ullah  Malcolm C. Press 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14096

The ecosystem services provided by forests modulate runoff generation processes, nutrient cycling and water and energy exchange between soils, vegetation and atmosphere. Increasing atmospheric CO₂ affects many linked aspects of forest and catchment function in ways we do not adequately understand. Global levels of atmospheric CO₂ will be around 40% higher in 2050 than current levels, yet estimates of how water and solute fluxes in forested catchments will respond to increased CO₂ are highly uncertain. The Free Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE) facility of the University of Birmingham's Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR) is the only FACE in mature deciduous forest. The site specializes in fundamental studies of the response of whole ecosystem patches of mature, deciduous, temperate woodland to elevated CO₂ (eCO₂). Here, we describe a dataset of hydrological parameters – seven weather parameters at each of three heights and four locations, shallow soil moisture and temperature, stream hydrology and CO₂ enrichment – retrieved at high frequency from the BIFoR FACE catchment.  相似文献   

Subarctic catchment water storage and carbon cycling – Leading the way for future studies using integrated datasets at Pallas,Finland     

Hannu Marttila  Annalea Lohila  Pertti Ala-Aho  Kashif Noor  Jeffrey M. Welker  Danny Croghan  Kaisa Mustonen  Leo-Juhani Meriö  Anna Autio  Filip Muhic  Hannah Bailey  Mika Aurela  Jussi Vuorenmaa  Timo Penttilä  Valtteri Hyöky  Eric Klein  Anton Kuzmin  Pasi Korpelainen  Timo Kumpula  Anssi Rauhala  Bjørn Kløve 《水文研究》2021,35(9):e14350

Subarctic ecohydrological processes are changing rapidly, but detailed and integrated ecohydrological investigations are not as widespread as necessary. We introduce an integrated research catchment site (Pallas) for atmosphere, ecosystems, and ecohydrology studies in subarctic conditions in Finland that can be used for a new set of comparative catchment investigations. The Pallas site provides unique observational data and high-intensity field measurement datasets over long periods. The infrastructure for atmosphere- to landscape-scale research in ecosystem processes in a subarctic landscape has recently been complemented with detailed ecohydrological measurements. We identify three dominant processes in subarctic ecohydrology: (a) strong seasonality drives ecohydrological regimes, (b) limited dynamic storage causes rapid stream response to water inputs (snowmelt and intensive storms), and (c) hydrological state of the system regulates catchment-scale dissolved carbon dynamics and greenhouse (GHG) fluxes. Surface water and groundwater interactions play an important role in regulating catchment-scale carbon balances and ecosystem respiration within subarctic peatlands, particularly their spatial variability in the landscape. Based on our observations from Pallas, we highlight key research gaps in subarctic ecohydrology and propose several ways forward. We also demonstrate that the Pallas catchment meets the need for sustaining and pushing the boundaries of critical long-term integrated ecohydrological research in high-latitude environments.  相似文献   

Object classification at the Nearby Supernova Factory     

S. Bailey  C. Aragon  R. Romano  R. C. Thomas  B. A. Weaver  D. Wong 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2008,329(3):292-294

We present the results of applying new object classification techniques to the supernova search of the Nearby Supernova Factory. In comparison to simple threshold cuts, more sophisticated methods such as boosted decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines provide dramatically better object discrimination: we reduced the number of nonsupernova candidates by a factor of 10 while increasing our supernova identification efficiency. Methods such as these will be crucial for maintaining a reasonable false positive rate in the automated transient alert pipelines of upcoming large optical surveys. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献