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41.
Felix Schlagintweit Hans-Jürgen Gawlick Sigrid Missoni Lirim Hoxha Richard Lein Wolfgang Frisch 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2008,101(1):125-138
Several Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian?-Tithonian) to Early Cretaceous (Late Berriasian-Valanginian) shallow-water carbonate clasts of different facies are contained in mass-flow deposits in a pelagic sequence in the Kurbnesh area of central Albania. These clasts are used to reconstruct shallow-water carbonate platforms, which formed on top of the radiolaritic-ophiolitic wildflysch (ophiolitic mélange) of the Mirdita Zone. Stratigraphic interpretation of the platform carbonates was compiled on basis of calcareous algae, benthic foraminifera, and calpionellids. From biostratigraphic data and microfacies analysis, the Neocomian clasts can be directly correlated with autochthonous platform carbonates of the western part of the Munella carbonate platform, which at least reaches up to the Late Aptian. A Late Jurassic precursor platform (Kurbnesh carbonate platform; nomen novum) was completely eroded until the Valanginian and is only documented by the clasts described here. It was deposited on top of the Mirdita Ophiolite Zone nappe stack, which formed during the Middle to Late Jurassic Kimmeridian orogeny. Thrusting and imbrications as well as the formation of the syntectonic wildflysch (mélange) therefore occurred much earlier than previously assumed. Our results constrain the Kimmeridian orogeny, which was controlled by the closure of the Neotethys Ocean, and show excellent correlation with the Eastalpine-Dinaric- Hellenic orogenic system. 相似文献
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Oxygen-enhanced biodegradation of phenoxy acids in ground water at contaminated sites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of adding oxygen to anaerobic aquifer materials on biodegradation of phenoxy acid herbicides were studied by laboratory experiments with aquifer material from two contaminated sites (a former agricultural machinery service and an old landfill). At both sites, the primary pollutants were phenoxy acids and related chlorophenols. It was found that addition of oxygen enhanced degradation of the six original phenoxy acids and six original chlorophenols. Inverse modeling on 14C 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxypropanoic acid (MCPP) degradation curves revealed that increasing the oxygen concentrations from <0.3 mg/L up to 7 to 8 mg/L shortened the lag phases (from approximately 150 d to 5 to 25 d) and increased first-order degradation rate constants by 1 order of magnitude (from approximately 5 x 10(-2) d(-1) to up to 30 x 10(-2) d(-1)). Additionally, the degree of MCPP mineralization was increased (30% to 50% mineralized at low oxygen concentrations and 50% to 70% mineralized at high oxygen concentrations, based on 14CO2 recovery). These positive effects on degradation were observed even at relatively low oxygen concentrations (2 mg/L). Furthermore, effects related to the addition of oxygen on the general geochemistry were studied. An oxygen consumption of 2.2 to 2.6 mg O2/g dw was observed due to oxidation of solid organic matter and, to some extent (0.5% to 11% of the total oxygen consumption), water-soluble compounds such as Fe2+, dissolved Mn, nonvolatile organic carbon, and NH4+. Overall, the results suggest that stimulated biodegradation by addition of oxygen might be a feasible remediation technology at herbicide-contaminated sites, although oxygen consumption by the sediment could limit the applicability. 相似文献
44.
The closure of the western part of the Neotethys Ocean started in late Early Jurassic. The Middle to early Late Jurassic contraction
is documented in the Berchtesgaden Alps by the migration of trench-like basins formed in front of a propagating thrust belt.
Due to ophiolite obduction these basins propagated from the outer shelf area (=Hallstatt realm) to the interior continent
(=Hauptdolomit/Dachstein platform realm). The basins were separated by nappe fronts forming structural highs. This scenario
mirrors syn-orogenic erosion and deposition in an evolving thrust belt. Active basin formation and nappe thrusting ended around
the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary, followed by the onset of carbonate platforms on structural highs. Starved basins remained
between the platforms. Rapid deepening around the Early/Late Tithonian boundary was induced by extension due to mountain uplift
and resulted in the reconfiguration of the platforms and basins. Erosion of the uplifted nappe stack including obducted ophiolites
resulted in increased sediment supply into the basins and final drowning and demise of the platforms in the Berriasian. The
remaining Early Cretaceous foreland basins were filled up by sediments including siliciclastics. The described Jurassic to
Early Cretaceous history of the Northern Calcareous Alps accords with the history of the Western Carpathians, the Dinarides,
and the Albanides, where (1) age dating of the metamorphic soles prove late Early to Middle Jurassic inneroceanic thrusting
followed by late Middle to early Late Jurassic ophiolite obduction, (2) Kimmeridgian to Tithonian shallow-water platforms
formed on top of the obducted ophiolites, and (3) latest Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sediments show postorogenic character. 相似文献
45.
Catchments as reactors: a comprehensive approach for water fluxes and solute turnover 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Peter Grathwohl Hermann Rügner Thomas Wöhling Karsten Osenbrück Marc Schwientek Sebastian Gayler Ute Wollschläger Benny Selle Marion Pause Jens-Olaf Delfs Matthias Grzeschik Ulrich Weller Martin Ivanov Olaf A. Cirpka Ulrich Maier Bertram Kuch Wolfgang Nowak Volker Wulfmeyer Kirsten Warrach-Sagi Thilo Streck Sabine Attinger Lars Bilke Peter Dietrich Jan H. Fleckenstein Thomas Kalbacher Olaf Kolditz Karsten Rink Luis Samaniego Hans-Jörg Vogel Ulrike Werban Georg Teutsch 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(2):317-333
Sustainable water quality management requires a profound understanding of water fluxes (precipitation, run-off, recharge, etc.) and solute turnover such as retention, reaction, transformation, etc. at the catchment or landscape scale. The Water and Earth System Science competence cluster (WESS, http://www.wess.info/) aims at a holistic analysis of the water cycle coupled to reactive solute transport, including soil–plant–atmosphere and groundwater–surface water interactions. To facilitate exploring the impact of land-use and climate changes on water cycling and water quality, special emphasis is placed on feedbacks between the atmosphere, the land surface, and the subsurface. A major challenge lies in bridging the scales in monitoring and modeling of surface/subsurface versus atmospheric processes. The field work follows the approach of contrasting catchments, i.e. neighboring watersheds with different land use or similar watersheds with different climate. This paper introduces the featured catchments and explains methodologies of WESS by selected examples. 相似文献
46.
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49.
Ehrhard Raschke Ute Karstens Ralph Nolte-Holube Rüdiger Brandt Hans-Jörg Isemer Dag Lohmann Manfred Lobmeyr Burkhardt Rockel Rolf Stuhlmann 《Surveys in Geophysics》1998,19(1):1-22
The mechanisms responsible for the transfer of energy and water within the climate system are under worldwide investigation within the framework of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) to improve the predictability of natural and man-made climate changes at short and long ranges and their impact on water resources. Five continental-scale experiments have been established within GEWEX to enable a more complete coupling between atmospheric and hydrological models. One of them is the Baltic Sea Experiment (BALTEX).In this paper, the goals and structure of BALTEX are outlined. A short overview of measuring and modelling strategies is given. Atmospheric and hydrological model results of the authors only are presented. These include also the validation of precipitation using station measurements as well as validation of modelled cloud cover with cloud estimates from satellite data. Furthermore, results of a large-scale grid based hydrological model to be coupled to atmospheric models are presented.This research has never been possible without the contribution of research groups and operational institutions from all 10 member countries. We concentrate here on results obtained at the GKSS research center. 相似文献
50.
Kerstin Kolditz Olaf Dellwig Jan Barkowski Thomas H. Badewien Holger Freund Hans-Jürgen Brumsack 《Geo-Marine Letters》2012,32(1):49-60
De-embankment in the salt marshes of the island of Langeoog was carried out in 2004, thereby inducing an artificial transgression
within an area of 2.2 km2. Material from three suspended matter traps (SMTs) located along a N–S transect was collected monthly between January 2006
and February 2007. Besides geochemical (major and trace elements) and grain-size analyses, the duration and height of water
cover were continuously measured by pressure gauges during the sampling period at two sites, thus revealing inundation frequency
(max. 280 year−1) and level (max. 2.4 m). Generally, the silt-dominated SMT material exhibits a geochemical composition similar to that of
suspended particulate matter from the adjacent Wadden Sea. However, distinctly increasing enrichments of TOC, P, Mn and Mo
from the shoreline towards the higher salt marsh clearly indicate fractionation processes during material transport. Geochemical
comparison with older Holocene coastal deposits reveals a mixture of brackish and tidal flat sediments, thus reflecting an
early stage of sea-level rise and the development from a terrestrial towards a marine-dominated system. Sedimentation rates
are higher than the local sea-level rise, as revealed by vertical salt marsh growth. Storm surges deliver the highest amounts
of sediment and play an important role in salt marsh accumulation within the study area. Average accumulation rates of TOC
(780 t year−1), P (54 t year−1) and Mn (5.2 t year−1) in the de-embanked area suggest that the former sand-dominated sediments currently receive significant amounts of reactive
organic-rich material, thus fostering biogeochemical cycling. 相似文献