全文获取类型
收费全文 | 445篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 38篇 |
大气科学 | 59篇 |
地球物理 | 53篇 |
地质学 | 179篇 |
海洋学 | 40篇 |
天文学 | 70篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
自然地理 | 21篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 20篇 |
2017年 | 20篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 28篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 26篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 32篇 |
2008年 | 16篇 |
2007年 | 23篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 15篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 17篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1950年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有464条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
461.
Although the computational burden of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) data processing is nowadays already a big challenge, especially for huge networks, integrated processing of denser networks with data of multi-GNSS and multi-frequency is desired in the expectation of more accurate and reliable products. Based on the concept of carrier range, in this study, the precise point positioning with integer ambiguity resolution is engaged to obtain the integer ambiguities for converting carrier phases to carrier ranges. With such carrier ranges and pseudo-ranges, rigorous integrated processing is realized computational efficiently for the orbit and clock estimation using massive networks. The strategy is validated in terms of computational efficiency and product quality using data of the IGS network with about 460 stations. The experimental validation shows that the computation time of the new strategy increases gradually with the number of stations. It takes about 14 min for precise orbit and clock determination with 460 stations, while the current strategy needs about 82 min. The overlapping orbit RMS is reduced from 27.6 mm with 100 stations to 24.8 mm using the proposed strategy, and the RMS could be further reduced to 23.2 mm by including all 460 stations. Therefore, the new strategy could be applied to massive networks of multi-GNSS and multi-frequency receivers and possibly to achieve GNSS data products of higher quality. 相似文献
462.
Alberto Flandes Harald Krüger Douglas P. Hamilton J. Francisco Valdés-Galicia Linda Spilker Rogelio Caballero 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(13):1455-1471
High speed dust streams emanating from near Jupiter were first discovered by the Ulysses spacecraft in 1992. Since then the phenomenon has been re-observed by Galileo in 1995, Cassini in 2000, and Ulysses in 2004. The dust grains are expected to be charged to a potential of , which is sufficient to allow the planet's magnetic field to accelerate them away from the planet, where they are subsequently influenced by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). A similar phenomenon was observed near Saturn by Cassini. Here, we report and analyze simultaneous dust, IMF and solar wind data for all dust streams from the two Ulysses Jupiter flybys. We find that compression regions (CRs) in the IMF – regions of enhanced magnetic field – precede most dust streams. Furthermore, the duration of a dust stream is roughly comparable with that of the precedent CR, and the occurrence of a dust stream and the occurrence of the previous CR are separated by a time interval that depends on the distance to Jupiter. The intensity of the dust streams and their precedent CRs are also correlated, but this correlation is only evident at distances from the planet no greater than 2 AU. Combining these observations, we argue that CRs strongly affect dust streams, probably by deflecting dust grain trajectories, so that they can reach the spacecraft and be detected by its dust sensor. 相似文献
463.
Frank Postberg Eberhard Grün Mihaly Horanyi Sascha Kempf Harald Krüger Jürgen Schmidt Frank Spahn Ralf Srama Zoltan Sternovsky Mario Trieloff 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(14):1815-1825
Classical methods to analyze the surface composition of atmosphereless planetary objects from an orbiter are IR and gamma ray spectroscopy and neutron backscatter measurements. The idea to analyze surface properties with an in-situ instrument has been proposed by Johnson et al. (1998). There, it was suggested to analyze Europa's thin atmosphere with an ion and neutral gas spectrometer. Since the atmospheric components are released by sputtering of the moon's surface, they provide a link to surface composition. Here we present an improved, complementary method to analyze rocky or icy dust particles as samples of planetary objects from which they were ejected. Such particles, generated by the ambient meteoroid bombardment that erodes the surface, are naturally present on all atmosphereless moons and planets. The planetary bodies are enshrouded in clouds of ballistic dust particles, which are characteristic samples of their surfaces. In situ mass spectroscopic analysis of these dust particles impacting onto a detector of an orbiting spacecraft reveals their composition. Recent instrumental developments and tests allow the chemical characterization of ice and dust particles encountered at speeds as low as 1 km/s and an accurate reconstruction of their trajectories. Depending on the sampling altitude, a dust trajectory sensor can trace back the origin of each analyzed grain with about 10 km accuracy at the surface. Since the detection rates are of the order of thousand per orbit, a spatially resolved mapping of the surface composition can be achieved. Certain bodies (e.g., Europa) with particularly dense dust clouds, could provide impact statistics that allow for compositional mapping even on single flybys. Dust impact velocities are in general sufficiently high at orbiters about planetary objects with a radius >1000 km and with only a thin or no atmosphere. In this work we focus on the scientific benefit of a dust spectrometer on a spacecraft orbiting Earth's Moon as well as Jupiter's Galilean satellites. This ‘dust spectrometer' approach provides key chemical and isotopic constraints for varying provinces or geological formations on the surfaces, leading to better understanding of the body's geological evolution. 相似文献
464.
Gert Finger Frank Eisenhauer Reinhard Genzel Christopher Mandla Ian Baker Domingo Alvarez Antonio Amorim Wolfgang Brandner Christophe Dupuy Casey Deen Derek Ives Leander Mehrgan Manfred Meyer Karin Perraut Guy Perrin Jörg Stegmeier Christian Straubmeier Harald J. Weller Vincent Isgar 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2023,344(8-9):e20230069
Near-infrared adaptive optics as well as fringe tracking for coherent beam combination in optical interferometry require the development of high-speed sensors. Because of the high speed, a large analog bandwidth is required. The short exposure times result in small signal levels which require noiseless detection. Both requirements cannot be met by state-of-the-art conventional CMOS technology of near-infrared arrays as has been attempted previously. A total of five near-infrared SAPHIRA 320 × 256 pixel HgCdTe e−APD arrays have been deployed in the wavefront sensors and in the fringe tracker of the VLTI instrument GRAVITY. The current limiting magnitude for coherent exposures with GRAVITY is mk = 19, which is made possible with ADP technology. New avalanche photo-diode array (APD) developments since GRAVITY include the extension of the spectral sensitivity to the wavelength range from 0.8 to 2.5 μm. After GRAVITY a larger format array with 512 × 512 pixels has been developed for both AO applications at the ELT and for long integration times. Since dark currents of <10−3 e−/s have been demonstrated with 1Kx1K e−APD arrays and 2Kx2K e−APD arrays have already been developed, the possibilities and adaptations of e−APD technology to provide noiseless large-format science-grade arrays for long integration times are also discussed. 相似文献