排序方式： 共有44条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
12.
Resat Ulusay Candan Gokceoglu Tamer Topal Harun Sonmez Ergün Tuncay Zeynal Abiddin Erguler Ozgu Kasmer 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(4):473-494
The Cappadocia Region of Central Anatolia having a very distinct culture is one of the attractive touristic sites of Turkey due to its spectacular and unique landforms and historical heritages. In this region, the structures carved into thick to massive tuffs survived and kept their original integrity for a number of centuries. Environmental and anthropological factors at the Cappadocia Region have been the main reasons for extensive subsurface and multi-purpose use in the past and present. In addition, thermal insulation properties of the tuffs make these rocks suitable for use in underground openings. The Kayakapi Neighborhood, located in the town of Urgüp, is one of the famous historical sites. This site is situated within the “Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia” which was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1985. In order to develop the tourism potential of this abandoned site while preserving its cultural and natural values, a natural environmental conservation and revitalization project was initiated. As an integral part of this project, in this study, environmental and engineering geological problems, including rock fall potential and stability of about 1,200 rock-hewn structures, were investigated and an inventory was prepared for the possible re-use of the underground openings and other structures at the site, and remedial measures were recommended. The assessments based on observations and experimental studies indicated that the tuffs do not show significant changes both perpendicular and parallel to layering, and discontinuities and rock weathering seem to be more important factors controlling the stability of rock-hewn structures. The major stability problems threatening the re-use of the openings are structurally-controlled block instabilities, overbreaks, and erosion and shearing of the pillars made of tuff. On the other hand, the area at the entrance of the site requires some protection measures such as the construction of a retaining wall, systematic bolting of rock slabs and removal of some blocks having rock fall potential. The inventory for the openings suggests that there are a number of openings that can be re-used after necessary remedial measures. 相似文献
13.
Groundwater vulnerability assessment in the Melaka State of Malaysia using DRASTIC and GIS techniques 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
S. M. Shirazi H. M. Imran S. Akib Zulkifli Yusop Z. B. Harun 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(5):2293-2304
The present work attempts to interpret the groundwater vulnerability of the Melaka State in peninsular Malaysia. The state of groundwater pollution in Melaka is a critical issue particularly in respect of the increasing population, and tourism industry as well as the agricultural, industrial and commercial development. Focusing on this issue, the study illustrates the groundwater vulnerability map for the Melaka State using the DRASTIC model together with remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS). The data which correspond to the seven parameters of the model were collected and converted into thematic maps by GIS. Seven thematic maps defining the depth to water level, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity were generated to develop the DRASTIC map. In addition, this map was integrated with a land use map for generating the risk map to assess the effect of land use activities on the groundwater vulnerability. Three types of vulnerability zones were assigned for both DRASTIC map and risk map, namely, high, moderate and low. The DRASTIC map illustrates that an area of 11.02 % is low vulnerability, 61.53 % moderate vulnerability and 23.45 % high vulnerability, whereas the risk map indicates that 14.40 % of the area is low vulnerability, 47.34 % moderate vulnerability and 38.26 % high vulnerability in the study area. The most vulnerability area exists around Melaka, Jasin and Alor Gajah cities of the Melaka State. 相似文献
14.
Sarva Mangala Praveena Mohd Harun Abdullah Kawi Bidin Ahmad Zaharin Aris 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(3):719-728
Numerical models are capable of simulating various groundwater scenarios and relate it towards groundwater management. This
paper focuses on numerical modeling and water balance approaches in the search for a sustainable management plan in Manukan
Island. The impacts of pumping and recharge rates represented by groundwater scenarios were investigated by means of hydraulic
heads, chloride concentrations and water balance components. Overpumping and inconsistency in recharge rate are the stresses
shown in Scenario A. Scenario B involved with reduction pumping rate by 25% has shown an increase in groundwater levels, chloride
concentration and groundwater storage. Scenario C showed the most promising finding compared with Scenarios A and B. Highest
hydraulic heads, lowest chloride concentration (1,552.2 mg/L) and positive groundwater storage (254.3 m3/day) were obtained in Scenario C. Chloride concentration in pumping wells still exceeds World Health Organization International
Standard limit in Scenario C which illustrates an additional water treatment is needed. Nevertheless, in view of a compromise
groundwater management plan in study area, Scenario C is the best plan so far to protect the groundwater resources in the
study area. More understanding of the artificial recharge method (percolation tank) and study site by means of modeling studies
is needed. Additionally, further progress is needed in obtaining the water usage data from each part to determine the best
pumping rate. A sustainable groundwater management plan is crucial to maintain the natural resources and social benefits as
well as to protect the ecological balance of Manukan Island. 相似文献
15.
Fluctuations in relative sea level, tectonic movement, and sedimentation during the late Pleistocene to Holocene in the Hisarönü Gulf (SE Aegean Sea) and surrounding area were investigated with a high‐resolution geophysical survey and underwater archaeological observations. The Hisarönü Gulf has been affected by vertical tectonic movements and rising sea level following the last glacial period (20,000 yr B.P.). High‐resolution seismic data were interpreted to reveal the structure of the late Pleistocene to Holocene deposits and determine the location of the paleoshoreline. In order to describe the relative rise of sea level, principles of sequence stratigraphy were used for the late Pleistocene to Holocene transition, and submerged archaeological remains and bioerosional indicators were used for the late Holocene period. A comparison of archaeological observations in the study area with the known regional sea level curve indicates that the relative rise in sea level for the late Holocene is, for the most part, due to the tectonic subsidence of the coastal plain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
16.
Kinematics of the eastern Caucasus near Baku, Azerbaijan 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Fakhraddin Kadirov Michael Floyd Akif Alizadeh Ibrahim Guliev Robert Reilinger Sadi Kuleli Robert King M. Nafi Toksoz 《Natural Hazards》2012,63(2):997-1006
The potential for large, shallow earthquakes and their associated seismic hazard in the eastern Caucasus, an area of dense population and sensitive industrial infrastructure, remains speculative based on historical precedent and current geologic and seismologic observations. Here we present updated and expanded results from a GPS network between the northern edge of the Lesser Caucasus and Greater Caucasus, providing geodetic constraints to the problem. A significant strain rate is observed in a profile over a distance of about 150?km across the Kura Basin. We attribute this to inter-seismic strain accumulation on buried fault structures and present simple elastic dislocation models for their plausible geometry and slip rate based on the known geology, seismicity and the GPS velocities. Due to the close proximity of the strain anomaly to Baku, further observations are needed to determine whether observed contraction is due to inter-seismically locked faults and, if so, implications for the seismic hazard in the region. 相似文献
17.
18.
Climate links and recent extremes in antarctic sea ice, high-latitude cyclones, Southern Annular Mode and ENSO 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In this article, we study the climate link between the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the southern sea-ice extent (SIE), and discuss the possible role of stationary waves and synoptic eddies in establishing this link. In doing so, we have used a combination of techniques involving spatial correlations of SIE, eddy streamfunction and wind anomalies, and statistics of high-latitude cyclone strength. It is suggested that stationary waves may be amplified by eddy anomalies associated with high latitude cyclones, resulting in more sea ice when the SAM is in its positive phase for most, but not all, longitudes. A similar association is observed during ENSO (La Ni?a years). Although this synergy in the SAM/ENSO response may partially reflect preferential areas for wave amplification around Antarctica, the short extent of the climate records does not allow for a definite causality connection to be established with SIE. Stronger polar cyclones are observed over the areas where the stationary waves are amplified. These deeper cyclones will break up and export ice equatorward more efficiently, but the near-coastal regions are cold enough to allow for a rapid re-freeze of the resulting ice break-up. We speculate that if global warming continues this same effect could help reverse the current (positive) Antarctic SIE trends once the ice gets thinner, similarly to what has been observed in the Northern Hemisphere. 相似文献
19.
For the first time ever, Enteromorpha compressa macroalgae (ECM), which is commonly found in Turkey, has been used as biosorbent by us. This study aims to investigate the biosorption of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions in a batch system by using an alga of ECM in different concentrations, pH levels, agitation rates (90–150 rpm), and contact periods. The maximum biosorption capacity of the ECM was found to be 9.50 mg/g at pH 6, Cd2+ initial concentration of 10 mg/L and agitation rate 150 rpm. Cadmium removal efficiency was about 95%. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Isotherm parameters for both equations were determined and discussed. The stated biosorption mechanism is explained by the Freundlich isotherm (r2 = 0.998) theory. Two simplified kinetic models including a pseudo‐first‐ and second‐order equation were selected to follow the biosorption process. Kinetic parameters; rate constants, equilibrium adsorption capacities and related correlation coefficients, for each kinetic model were calculated and discussed. It was shown that the biosorption of cadmium onto ECM could be described by the pseudo‐second‐order equation (r2 > 0.99). 相似文献
20.
Water pollution is a source of danger to the health of people living in developing countries such as Pakistan. The main industries
located at various industrial zones of Pakistan cause water pollution, which ultimately result in various diseases. The aim
of the present study was to study the concentrations of essential and toxic metals (Na, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca, Pb and As) in the
drained water of three main industrial estates of Pakistan, i.e., Industrial Estate No. 1 Peshawar, Small Industrial Estate
No. 2 Gujranwala, Industrial Estate Hattar Haripur, and in Warsak Canal (industrially pure water) with the help of atomic
absorption spectroscopy and flame emission spectroscopy. The study showed high Pb and As levels originating from industries.
The concentrations of Pb and As ranged from 0.04 to 0.942 mg/L in all the samples. These have been extensively used for irrigation
since the last five decades. The elevated concentrations of heavy metals are continuously entering into the food chain through
agriculture leading to serious health hazards and a threat to the sustainability of local ecosystem. 相似文献