Temperature of cometary dust     

Th. Henning  U. Weidlich 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1988,41(2):197-200

The variation of the dust temperature with heliocentric distance for a comet is calculated using the optical constants of an astronomically important silicate.  相似文献   

Features of the petrology of the alkaline rocks of the Kola Peninsula,USSR     

Henning Sørensen 《Lithos》1980,13(2):222-223

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Kontinentalverschiebungen und Polverschiebungen — Ursachen und Probleme     

Prof. Dr. Henning Illies 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1964,54(1):549-579

Zusammenfassung Die Kruste wird zergliedert von einem Gitter altgebahnter Lineamente, welche immer wieder als Blattverschiebungen fungierten. Die gro\en Gräben Ostafrikas und Europas setzen solchen Erdnähten auf. Die starren Rahmenschollen waren etwas auseinander gewichen. So konnten die von der Kluftreibung befreiten Keilschollen rasch absinken, antithetisch kippende Blöcke den überschüssigen Scitenraum schlie\en. Junge Füllmassen wurden aufgeladen, welche die Erosion den aufgestemmten Grabenschultern entnahm. Das granitische Substrat solcher Gräben ist geschwächt, im Graben des Roten Meeres sogar median geborsten. Ein abyssaler Spalt mit basaltischem Sockel klafft dort inmitten des Altgrabens. Die Abspaltung Südamerikas vom Gondwana-Kontinent bediente sich gleichfalls alter Lineamente. Der Atlantik erweiterte sich aus einem Grabensystem. Der seismisch aktive Mediangraben des mittelatlantischen Rückens demonstriert den Fortgang der Kontinentaldrift. Auch andere Kontinente kriechen auf einer Gleitschichte pazifikwärts, die pazifische Masse mit einer überschiebungsbahn und Blattverschiebungen bewältigend. Der übereinstimmende Baustil zirkumpazifischer Tektonik beweist periphere Einengungen des Pazifik. Die gro\en Urkontinente störten das irdische Rotationsgleichgewicht. Daher die Tendenz, den Störkörper zu spalten und die Erdoberfläche möglichst gleichmä\ig mit Kontinenten zu bestücken. Als Rei\nähte boten sich die Gräben und Lineamente an, welche angelegt waren, die Scherspannungen auszugleichen, wenn Polverschiebungen das Rotationsellipsoid zur Neujustierung zwangen. Die abdriftenden Kontinente induzierten sekundäre Gleichgewichtsstörungen und erneute Polverschiebungen. Wieder wurden Scherzonen lebendig, Kontinentaldrift setzte an und erweiterte sie zu Gräben, um schlie\lich ein weiteres Stück Kruste der Klammer kontinentaler Konsolidation zu entrei\en. So werden Polverschiebungen und Kontinentalverschiebungen als einander auslösende und steuernde Prozesse verstanden. Das orogene ZeitgesetzStilles wird unter diesem Aspekt diskutiert.

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The crust of the earth is traversed by a lattice of tectonic lineaments which, since the Precambrian Era, were always and again acting as wrench faults. These shearing movements, independent of the specific crustal structure, are thought to be caused by the wandering of the poles. For the directions and movements of the lineaments correspond to the stress field that was induced by the readjustment of the geoid. The bursting lineaments caused a splitting of the continental masses. The great original continents of the Paleozoic Era disturbed the balance of revolution. There was a trend to separate the disturbing masses and to furnish the surface of the earth as proportionally as possible with continents. Thus, divergent forces started to work on the lineaments. The lineaments were stretched and became rift valleys. When the forces of the continental drift became overwhelming, the rift valleys burst along their median line. A new continent split off. The wandering continents endeavoured and are still endeavouring to reach, in the first place, the Pacific Ocean trying to confine it peripherically. From this trend comes the conformable architecture of the circumpacific tectonics. The drifting masses effected secondary disturbances of the balance of the rotating gyroscope. The poles tried to escape the wandering masses. Once more, lineaments became active, and the process of splitting continued. Consequently, the wandering of the poles and the continental drift are thought to be mutually initiating and controlling processes. The orogenic phases of the folding and the taphrogenic phases of the rift valley forming are in their global coincidence the display of this very process that concerns the entire crust of the earth.

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Résumé L'écorce terrestre est sillonnée d'un réseau de linéaments tectoniques, qui se remuaient à partir de temps précambriens et qui continuent de se remuer au sens de failles de décrochement. Les mouvements ne tiennent pas compte de la structure géologique de la région en question. On suppose que la cause des mouvements soit la dérive des pÔles, parceque les directions des linéaments tectoniques correspondent aux celles-ci de la tension de l'écorce provoquée par le ré-ajustage du géoid. En se fendant le longue des linéaments les masses des continents furent parcellées. - Les grands continents du Paléozoique dérangaient l'équilibre de la rotation. Cet dérangement causait la tendance de répartir les masses des continents et d'en garnir la surface du globe. Le longue des linéaments agissaient des forces séparentes. Les linéaments s'élargissaient et devenaient des fossés tectoniques. Si les forces de la dérive des continents se renforÇaient les fossés tectoniques se partagissaient le longue de ses médianes. Un nouveau continent était formé. Mises en translation les continents se tournaient vers la région de l'Océan Pacifique, et aussi à present les continents continuent de rétrecir la région marginale du Pacifique. C'est pourquoi le type de la construction tectonique est le mÊme dans toutes les guirlandes circumpacifiques. Les translations continentales causaient des dérangements secondaires de l'équilibre du géoid et les pÔles fuyaient les continents. De nouveau les linéaments tectoniques se remuaient et la division des continents se continuait. La dérive des pÔles et la dérive des continents sont des événements dont l'un provoque et dirige l'autre. L'expression de cet événement concernant l'écorce entière est la simultanéité des phases orogénétiques (plissement) et des phases taphrogéniques (formation des fossés tectoniques).

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Central Europe: Active or residual tectonic stresses     

Gerhard Greiner  J. Henning Illies 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1977,115(1-2):11-26

The regional stress field in the Western Alps and their northern foreland has been investigated byin situ stress determinations. More than 600 strain relief measurements were made with resistance strain gages in boreholes carried out in mines, tunnels and quarries. The stresses calculated and data obtained from other papers were used to get a detailed idea of the stress conditions in Central Europe.The measurements confirm a continuous flux of compressive stress from the Alps to the northern foreland east of the Rhinegraben. The largest stresses are observed in the Central Alps, the lowest in the Rhinegraben rift system. The horizontal stresses exceed at nearly all places the vertical ones. Evidently the excess of horizontal stress is generated by active plate tectonics in the Alps. A tectonic model to explain the observed stress pattern is presented.  相似文献   

Zur klimatologischen Wasserbilanz von Nordamerika: mittlere Jahressummen von Wasserüberschuß und Wasserdefizit     

Dr. Ingrid Henning  Dr. D. Henning 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1977,25(2):117-125

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Three varieties of alpine-type ultramafic rocks in the Norwegian Caledonides and basal gnesis complex     

Alan C. Moore  Henning Qvale 《Lithos》1977,10(2):149-161

Three varieties of alpine-type ultramafic rocks are distinguish in the Norwegian Caledonides associated Basal Gneiss Complex. Type one rocks have primary (magmatic) olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and chromite, and are partly or completely serpentinised. They are found exclusively in rocks of Cambro-Silurian age. Type two are polymetamorphic metaperidotites or sagvandites consisting of olivine, enstatite and carbonate minerals, with talc and amphibole commonly being present. They are found in medium- to high-grade metamorphic rocks. Type three also show a metamorphic mineral association of olivine, orthopyroxene and minor chromite, while clinopyroxene, amphibole and chrome-bearing chlorite may also be present in some samples. Garnet may or may not occur and, where present, is often surrounded by reaction rims of spinel and amphibole. The type three ultramafic bodies are serpentinised to varying degrees and occur in high-grade metamorphic gneisses which may also contain eclogites and anorthosites. Distinction of these three varieties of ultramafic body may be useful for correlation purposes and for more detailed studies on the nature of their metamorphism.  相似文献   

Editorial     

Harald Lejenäs  Henning Rodhe 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2009,61(3):499-499

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UV-controlled physical and chemical structure of protoplanetary disks     

V. V. Akimkin  Y. N. Pavlyuchenkov  A. I. Vasyunin  D. S. Wiebe  M. S. Kirsanova  T. Henning 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,335(1):33-38

We study details of the UV radiation transfer in a protoplanetary disk, paying attention to the influence of dust growth and sedimentation on the disk density and temperature. Also, we show how the dust evolution affects photoreaction rates of key molecules, like CN and CS.  相似文献   

Shaking and splashing—A case study of far-field effects of the Mjølnir asteroid impact on depositional environments in the Barents Sea     

Rikke Bruhn  Jenő Nagy  Morten Smelror  Henning Dypvik  Sylfest Glimsdal  Richard Pegrum  Carlo Cavalli 《Basin Research》2023,35(2):620-641

The Mjølnir impact crater in the Norwegian Barents Sea features among the 20 largest impact craters listed in the Earth Impact Database. The impact is dated to 142 ± 2.6 Ma, corresponding closely to the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in the Boreal stratigraphy. Multidisciplinary studies carried out over the last three decades have suggested that the up to 40 km wide crater was created by a 1–3 km diameter impactor colliding with a shallow epicontinental sea, causing regional havoc and a regional ecological crisis that followed in its wake. Only minor evidence for the consequences of the impact for the surrounding depositional basins has been documented so far. This study describes a large submarine slump penetrated by hydrocarbon exploration well 7121/9-1, located in the southern Hammerfest Basin and approximately 350 km away from the impact site. The slump is dated by a black shale drape, which contains characteristic impact-related biotic assemblages and potential ejecta material. This precise dating enables us to associate the slump with large-scale fault movements and footwall collapse along the basin-bounding Troms-Finnmark Fault Complex, which we conclude were caused by shock waves from the Mjølnir impact and the passage of associated tsunami trains. The draping black shale is interpreted to represent significant reworking of material from the contemporary seabed by tsunamis and currents set up by the impact.  相似文献   

Results from the Greenland Search for Meteorites expedition     

Henning Haack  John Schutt  Anders Meibom  Ralph Harvey 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2007,42(10):1727-1733

Abstract— Following discoveries of blue ice areas in Greenland resembling meteorite‐bearing blue ice fields in Antarctica, a surface search of several of the most promising sites was carried out in August 2003. The ice fields are located in Kong Christian X Land, in northeastern Greenland around 74°N at elevations between 2100 and 2400 m. No meteorites were found in any of the localities that were searched. Evidence of occasional significant melting (filled crevasses and melt sheets) suggest that summer temperatures are sometimes high enough that dark rocks, like meteorites, can melt through the upper layers of ice. Small terrestrial rocks and cryogenite were found down to 50 cm below the ice surface. Meter‐sized terrestrial rocks were found on top of the ice downstream from nunataks. These rocks shade the ice below, and since they were apparently too massive to warm up during warm days, they remained at the surface as the surrounding ice ablated away. Our findings strongly suggest that Greenland is currently unlikely to harbor significant meteorite concentrations on blue ice fields.  相似文献