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11.
新型超导重力仪已被证实在频率低于1 mHz的情况下优于最好的地震仪STS-1, 因而新型超导重力仪可作为极低噪音的地震仪, 观测长周期地球自由振荡. 具有良好窄带频率响应的小波滤波器非常有助于消除大气压波动对重力变化的影响. 用小波滤波器处理2004年12月26日苏门答腊大地震后的超导重力仪的观测数据, 清楚地检测到了1.5 mHz以下, 除0T5, 0T7, 1T1外所有的环形自由振荡的耦合现象, 并检测到了环形自由振荡1T2, 1T3的耦合现象. 此外, 还利用单台超导重力仪的观测数据清楚地检测到了球形自由振荡2S1的3个分裂谱峰. 相似文献
12.
Middle Miocene to Pleistocene sedimentary record of rift evolution in the southern Albert Rift (Uganda) 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
S. Roller J. Hornung M. Hinderer I. Ssemmanda 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(7):1643-1661
This study presents an almost complete Middle Miocene to Pleistocene sequence of synrift sediments in the western branch of
the East African Rift. The studied succession is exposed in several patches on an eastward tilted block between the northern
tip of the Rwenzori Block and the eastern shoulder of the Albert Rift. In this position, it reaches a maximum thickness of
600 m of which 350 m have been logged systematically by analysing lithofacies and sediment architecture. Stratigraphic subdivision
of the succession relies on published biostratigraphic data of endemic mollusc associations and their correlation across East
Africa. The synrift sediments encountered are siliciclastics ranging from clay to coarse gravel with gypsum and ferrugineous
interlayers or impregnations. Lithofacies and architectural analysis indicate alluvial plain, delta plain, nearshore, delta
front, or lacustrine depositional environments. Based on the vertical stacking pattern, prograding and retrograding trends
of the depositional environments, and climatic indicators (e.g. conservation of feldspar, gypsum, and/or iron hydroxide precipitation),
four evolutionary phases can be distinguished: (i) a first phase between ca. 14.5 and 10.0 Ma is characterised by bedload-dominated
fluvial environment with massive sandy to gravelly bedforms, feldspar-rich sands, rare iron impregnations and relatively low
accommodation space. This phase is interpreted as pre- and early synrift sedimentation under a semiarid climate. (ii) From
ca. 10.0 to 4.5 Ma predominantly fine-grained siliciclastics were deposited in a distal fluvial plain to lacustrine setting
characterised by limited accommodation space. Fluctuation of thin beds, dominance of clay and frequent iron impregnations
point to a more humid climate with seasonality and weak tectonic activity. (iii) During the third phase between 4.5 and 2.0 Ma
delta plain and nearshore deposits with frequent ferrugineous impregnations and rich mollusc associations occurred, indicating
a humid period with lake-level highstands and accelerated subsidence. (iv) During the final sedimentary interval between 2.0
and 1.5 Ma gravel units reoccurred with less iron- but more carbonate and gypsum impregnations, and arkosic sandstones. This
phase recorded a general aridisation trend most probably caused by the upcoming rain barrier of the Rwenzori Mountains together
with accelerated rift-flank uplift and strong subsidence of the rift floor. The results of this study are of particular importance
for delineating key controls on sedimentation in the Albert Rift. 相似文献
13.
Manfred Frechen Dietrich Ellwanger Matthias Hinderer Jörg Lämmermann-Barthel Inge Neeb Astrid Techmer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(8):1955-1974
During the Pleistocene, the Rhine glacier system acted as a major south–north erosion and transport medium from the Swiss
Alps into the Upper Rhine Graben, which has been the main sediment sink forming low angle debris fans. Only some aggradation
resulted in the formation of terraces. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating have been applied to
set up a more reliable chronological frame of Late Pleistocene and Holocene fluvial activity in the western Hochrhein Valley
and in the southern part of the Upper Rhine Graben. The stratigraphically oldest deposits exposed, a braided-river facies,
yielded OSL age estimates ranging from 59.6 ± 6.2 to 33.1 ± 3.0 ka. The data set does not enable to distinguish between a
linear age increase triggered by a continuous autocyclical aggradation or two (or more) age clusters, for example around 35 ka
and around 55 ka, triggered by climate change, including stadial and interstadial periods (sensu Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles).
The braided river facies is discontinuously (hiatus) covered by coarse-grained gravel-rich sediments deposited most likely
during a single event or short-time period of major melt water discharge postdating the Last Glacial Maximum. OSL age estimates
of fluvial and aeolian sediments from the above coarse-grained sediment layer are between 16.4 ± 0.8 and 10.6 ± 0.5 ka, and
make a correlation with the Late Glacial period very likely. The youngest fluvial aggradation period correlates to the beginning
of the Little Ice Age, as confirmed by OSL and radiocarbon ages. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. Llubes N. Florsch J. Hinderer L. Longuevergne M. Amalvict 《Journal of Geodynamics》2004,38(3-5):355
We first quantify the influence of aquifers on gravity variations by considering local, regional and continental scales. We show that locally only the direct attraction of the underlying aquifer has to be taken into account. At continental (or global scales), the underground water masses act by direct attraction (due to the earth curvature), loading flexure and potential redistribution. We show that at the intermediate regional scale (saying a few kilometres to a few hundreds of kilometres), groundwater contributions can be neglected in practice. Afterwards, we illustrate the difficulties in tackling the local hydrological context by studying comparatively the geological and hydrogeological surroundings of three European Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) superconducting gravimeter stations (Strasbourg, Moxa, and Vienna). Finally, it appears clearly that hydrological variability and cycle characterisations constitute the up-to-date challenge while studying gravity variations in a large spectral range. That is why, gravity is used to quantify hydrological transfers, and overall when seeking for small signals from the Earth's deep interior or other environmental signals (atmosphere, oceans) where groundwater influence can be seen as a disturbance. 相似文献
16.
17.
Recent satellite missions (CHAMP, GRACE) are now returning data on the time variation of the gravity field with harmonic coefficients computed every 4 weeks. The promise is to achieve a sub-microgal accuracy that will define continental mass variations involving large-scale hydrology. With this in mind, we examine the time varying gravity field over central Europe using a limited number of high quality ground-based superconducting gravimeter stations within the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP). Our purpose is to see whether there are coherent signals between the individual stations and to compare the regional component with that predicted from models of continental hydrology. The results are encouraging. We have found, using empirical orthogonal eigenfunctions of the gravity data that a clear annual signal is present that is consistent in phase (low amplitudes in summer) and amplitude (1–3 microgal) with that determined from a large-scale model of land water in connection with global climate modeling. More work is required to define how the gravity field is related to large-scale soil moisture and other mass variations, and we have yet to compare our results to the latest satellite-derived data. 相似文献
18.
Muriel Llubes Nicolas Florsch Jean-Paul Boy Martine Amalvict Pascal Bonnefond Marie-Noëlle Bouin Stphane Durand Marie-France Esnoult Pierre Exertier Jacques Hinderer Marie-Franoise Lalancette Frdric Masson Laurent Morel Joëlle Nicolas Mathilde Vergnolle Guy Wppelmann 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2008,340(6):379-389
We have organised afield study of ocean tide loading in the northwestern part of France, where tidal amplitudes are known to be among the highest in the world. GPS and gravimetric techniques have already proved their capability to measure such weak and high-frequency signals. In this study, these classical observations are complemented with less usual techniques, such as tiltmeter and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) measurements. We present here the preliminary results for a common period of observations spanning from 12–19 May 2004. Additional measurements from the French Transportable Laser Ranging Station (FTLRS) were available during September and October 2004. Observation residuals are computed as the difference between the observed and the predicted time signals. We obtain small RMS residuals for GPS measurements (2.5/3.1/4.5 mm for the eastward, northward and upward components), for absolute and relative gravimetry (9 nm/s2 and 13 nm/s2) and for tiltmeters (0.05 μrad for EW component). We also fit the amplitude of the main M2 tidal constituent to FTLRS observations and we find a value of 3.731 cm, which is comparable to the theoretical value. 相似文献
19.
The Alpine drainage system comprises two large orogen-parallel drainage basins in the core of the Alps (the Rhone and Rhine valleys), and smaller orogen-normal orientated systems. Discharge of the large rivers is ≈5–10 higher than that of the small ones. In addition, the courses of the Rhone and Rhine Rivers are trapped by faults and thrusts that display lower erosional resistance than the neighbouring lithologies. Enhanced discharge of these rivers and the low erosional resistance of their bedrocks potentially enhances surface erosion. Indeed, present-day and glacial sediment yields are ≈1.6–1.7 times higher in these valleys than in the orogen-normal systems. Interestingly, rates of crustal uplift are also enhanced in the Rhine and Rhone valleys, where current rates of ≈1.4–1.6 mm yr−1 are measured. The spatial coincidence between the location of enhanced erosion and maximum crustal uplift rates are interpreted to reflect a positive feedback between surface erosion and tectonic forcing. 相似文献
20.
Ishtiaq?A.?K.?JadoonEmail author Matthias?Hinderer Beenish?Wazir Rizwan?Yousaf Sher?Bahadar Muhammad?Hassan Zeeshan-ul-Hassan?Abbasi Sidra?Jadoon 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2015,8(7):5111-5125
The Salt Range/Potwar Plateau (SRPP) is part of the Himalayan foreland and an important petroleum province in north Pakistan. The hydrocarbons are commonly produced from stacked Cambrian to Eocene clastic and carbonate reservoirs which have an average thickness of 1 km. These strata are overlain by at least 5 km of Miocene and younger continental molasse sedimentation in the deepest part of the foreland basin. Surface and subsurface (seismic interpretations and borehole data) geology combined with the timing and the patterns of sedimentation has allowed to interpret the deformation as thin skinned, with a detachment in weak Eocambrian evaporates and the development of ramp-and-flat structures, since about 8 Ma. We have reviewed the structural interpretations with new borehole logs, field geology, and reserve estimates in this paper to precisely define oil-field structures with a view on future exploration. As a result of this work, 12 oil fields are classified as three detachment folds, four fault-propagation folds, four pop-ups, and one triangle zone structure. The latter two are identified as better prospects with the last one as the best with estimated reserves of 51 million barrels of oil (MMBO). Hence, the triangle zones along with other ramp-and-flat structures from the North Potwar Deformed Zone (NPDZ) are recognized to provide potential future prospects. Finally, a 40-km-long structural cross section from NPDZ is used to discuss complex deformation of the triangle zone and duplex structures as future potential prospects. About 55 km of shortening across the NPDZ during Plio-Pleistocene time is calculated, which has important bearing on the geometry of prospects, reserve calculations, and the future exploration. 相似文献