Analytical and Numerical Modeling of Solute Intrusion,Recovery, and Rebound in Fractured Bedrock     

Ranjeet M. Nagare  Young-Jin Park  Trevor Butterfield  Chad Belenky  Sheldon Scyrup 《Ground water》2020,58(1):56-69

Contaminated groundwater in fractured bedrock can expose ecosystems to undesired levels of risk for extended periods due to prolonged back-diffusion from rock matrix to permeable fractures. Therefore, it is key to characterize the diffusive mass loading (intrusion) of contaminants into the rock matrix for successful management of contaminated bedrock sites. Even the most detailed site characterization techniques often fail to delineate contamination in rock matrix. This study presents a set of analytical solutions to estimate diffusive mass intrusion into matrix blocks, it is recovered by pumping and concentration rebound when pumping ceases. The analytical models were validated by comparing the results with (1) numerical model results using the same model parameters and (2) observed chloride mass recovery, rebound concentration, and concentration in pumped groundwater at a highly fractured bedrock site in Alberta, Canada. It is also demonstrated that the analytical solutions can be used to estimate the total mass stored in the fractured bedrock prior to any remediation thereby providing insights into site contamination history. The predictive results of the analytical models clearly show that successful remediation by pumping depends largely on diffusive intrusion period. The results of initial mass from the analytical model was used to successfully calibrate a three-dimensional discrete fracture network numerical model further highlighting the utility of the simple analytical solutions in supplementing the more detailed site numerical modeling. Overall, the study shows the utility of simple analytical methods to support long-term management of a contaminated fractured bedrock site including site investigations and complex numerical modeling.  相似文献   

Numerical Study of Tide-Induced Airflow and Salt–Fresh Water Dynamics in Unconfined Aquifers     

Yong G. Zang  Dong M. Sun  Ping Feng 《Ground water》2020,58(4):535-549

This study employed a coupled water-air two-phase flow and salt water transport model to analyze the behaviors of generated airflow in unsaturated zones and the fluctuations of salinity at the salt–fresh water interface in a two-layered unconfined aquifer with a sloping beach surface subjected to tidal oscillations. The simulation results show that as the new dynamic steady state including effects of tidal fluctuations is reached through multiple tidal cycles, the dispersion zone in the lower salt water wedge is broadened because fresh water/salt water therein flows continuously landward or seaward during tidal cycles. The upper salt–fresh water interface exhibits more vulnerable to the tidal fluctuations, and the variation of salinity therein is periodic, which is irrelevant to the hydraulic head but is influenced by the direction and velocity of surrounding water-flow. With the tidal level fluctuating, airflow is mainly concentrated in the lower permeable layer due to the restraint of the upper semi-permeable layer, and the time-lag between the pore-air pressure and the tidal level increases with distance from the coastline. The effect of airflow in unsaturated zones can be transmitted downward, causing both the magnitude of salinity and its amplitude in the upper salt–fresh water interface to be smaller for the case with airflow than without airflow due to the resistance of airflow to water-flow. Sensitivity analysis reveal that distributions of airflow in unsaturated zones are affected by the permeability of the upper/lower layer and the van Genuchten parameter of the lower layer, not by the van Genuchten parameter of the upper layer, whereas the salinity fluctuations in the salt–fresh water interface are affected only by soil parameters of the lower layer.  相似文献   

滇池不同湖区浮游动物群落稳定性及其驱动因子分析     

杨姣姣  陈冬  黄立成  李杨  董晋延  黄超  王纯波  刘永定  杜劲松  潘珉 《湖泊科学》2023,35(5):1752-1764

为了揭示滇池不同湖区浮游动物群落稳定性及其驱动因子,于2020年对滇池草海、大泊口、外海3个具有一定空间分隔的区域,按季度进行4次采样调查。结果表明,大泊口区域的溶解氧、透明度指标显著高于外海,总氮、总磷、悬浮物、叶绿素a和化学需氧量等指标浓度显著低于外海,草海理化因子浓度介于大泊口与外海之间。研究期间3个区域共鉴定出浮游动物41属(枝角类12属、桡足类8属、轮虫21属),轮虫种类和密度均占较大比例。浮游动物年平均密度大泊口(7771.3 ind./L)>草海(2901.1 ind./L)>外海(634.8 ind./L);年平均生物量草海(3.72 mg/L)>大泊口(2.15 mg/L)>外海(2.09 mg/L)。非参数多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)与相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)结果表明,滇池3个区域间浮游动物群落结构差异极显著,导致大泊口与草海、外海群落结构呈极显著差异的属种为轮虫类群的种类,导致草海与外海群落结构呈极显著差异的属种为枝角类和轮虫类群的种类。此外,浮游动物群落稳定性与物种多样性呈显著的正相关关系,且经过生态修复后水质有所改善的湖区...  相似文献   

基于Copula函数的连河通江湖泊防洪安全设计:以洪泽湖为例     

罗赟  董增川  刘玉环  钟敦宇  管西柯  周强  陈霞  杨婕 《湖泊科学》2021,33(3):879-892

湖泊作为一种蓄水单元,尤其是大型过水性湖泊,是一种典型的平原型水库,在功能上与山谷型水库具有许多相似之处,但由于其特殊的地理地形构造,使得入湖洪水过程与入库洪水过程存在着较大的差异.在防洪安全设计研究中,山谷型水库关注的多是坝址洪水,即总的入库洪水过程,而对于湖泊来说,还需要关注各个分区的入湖洪水过程对湖区洪水演进的影响.针对大型过水性湖泊入湖洪水特征,本文采用Copula函数构造了多个联合分布函数,提出了一套基于总的入湖洪水过程推导各个分区入湖洪水过程置信区间的方法.以洪泽湖为应用实例,结果表明:1)在联合重现期已知的情况下,该方法能够确定总入湖洪量与洪峰的95%置信区间;2)该方法通过径流相关性分析对入湖河道合并聚类,形成分区入湖过程,既考虑了河道间天然的水文、水力联系,又避免了联合分布函数维度过高的问题;3)在总入湖洪量已知的情况下,该方法能够确定各分区入湖洪量分配95%置信区域.该方法具有较强的统计理论基础,拓展了多变量洪水频率分析技术在水利工程实际中的应用范围.  相似文献   

陕北定边盐湖卤水水位历史演变及其气候指示意义(1265—1949年)     

董凌霄  费杰 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):272-285

受自然环境和资料限制的原因,中国西北的季风边缘区内的湖泊千-百年时间尺度演变序列重建工作存在不足.历史文献中的湖泊演变信息丰富,有效利用可较好地解决这一问题.本文通过梳理历史文献记录的定边盐湖采盐方式资料,反演历史时期定边盐湖卤水水位,重建公元1265-1949年陕北定边盐湖卤水水位演变序列,该序列较好地指示出公元12...  相似文献   

Comparison of abstraction scenarios simulated by SWAT and SWAT-MODFLOW     

Eugenio Molina-Navarro  Ryan T. Bailey  Hans Estrup Andersen  Hans Thodsen  Anders Nielsen  Seonggyu Park 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(4):434-454

In hydrological modelling of catchments, wherein streams are groundwater-fed, an accurate representation of groundwater processes and their interaction with surface water is crucial. With this purpose, a coupled model was recently developed linking SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) with the fully-distributed groundwater model MODFLOW (Modular Groundwater Flow). In this study, SWAT and SWAT-MODFLOW were applied to a Danish groundwater-dominant catchment, simulating groundwater abstraction scenarios and assessing the benefits and drawbacks of SWAT-MODFLOW. Both models demonstrated good performance. However, SWAT-MODFLOW provided more realistic outputs when simulating abstraction: the decrease in streamflow was similar to the volume of water abstracted, while in SWAT the impact was negligible. SWAT also showed impacts on streamflow only when abstractions were taken from the shallow aquifer, not from the deep aquifer. Overall, SWAT-MODFLOW demonstrated wider possibilities for groundwater analysis, providing more insights than SWAT in supporting decision making in relation to environmental assessment.  相似文献   

Ecohydrologic feedbacks controlling sizes of cypress wetlands in a patterned karst landscape     

Xiaoli Dong  A. Brad Murray  James B. Heffernan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(5):1178-1191

Many landforms on Earth are profoundly influenced by biota. In particular, biota play a significant role in creating karst biogeomorphology, through biogenic CO₂ accelerating calcite weathering. In this study, we explore the ecohydrologic feedback mechanisms that have created isolated depressional wetlands on exposed limestone bedrock in South Florida – Big Cypress National Preserve –as a case study for karst biogeomorphic processes giving rise to regularly patterned landscapes. Specifically, we are interested in: (1) whether cypress depressions on the landscape have reached (or will reach) equilibrium size; (2) if so, what feedback mechanisms stabilize the size of depressions; and (3) what distal interactions among depressions give rise to the even distribution of depressions in the landscape. We hypothesize three feedback mechanisms controlling the evolution of depressions and build a numerical model to evaluate the relative importance of each mechanism. We show that a soil cover feedback (i.e. a smaller fraction of CO₂ reaches the bedrock surface for weathering as soil cover thickens) is the major feedback stabilizing depressions, followed by a biomass feedback (i.e. inhibited biomass growth with deepening standing water and extended inundation period as depressions expand in volume). Strong local positive feedback between the volume of depressions and rate of volume expansion and distal negative feedback between depressions competing for water likely lead to the regular patterning at the landscape scale. The individual depressions, however, are not yet in steady state but would be in ~0.2–0.4 million years. This represents the first study to demonstrate the decoupling of landscape-scale self-organization and the self-organization of its constituent agents. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

短时气压干扰下TJ-Ⅰ、TJ-Ⅱ型体应变观测频谱对比分析     

茅远哲  张国苓  董博  乔子云  马栋  曹筠 《四川地震》2019,(3):38-41

短时气压干扰是形变观测中常见且显著的影响因素之一。本文选取易县地震台2015年3月1日至12月31日的TJ-Ⅰ型和TJ-Ⅱ型体应变观测分钟数据为研究对象,对受气压干扰的主测项与钻孔气压观测值进行对比分析,利用小波变换方法分别提取出高、低气压环境干扰下两台仪器观测值在不同频段的频谱特征,结果显示:对于短时气压干扰,TJ-Ⅰ型与TJ-Ⅱ型体应变均与气压变化发生同步响应;在高气压干扰下,两套体应变主测项及其辅助气压测项分别在其小波6阶细节上的变化同步且相关系数接近;对于低气压干扰,TJ-Ⅱ型体应变主测项与其钻孔气压测项在高频6阶的节相关系数更大,说明TJ-Ⅱ型体应变更易于在高阶细节部分识别低气压干扰。  相似文献   

河北省地倾斜观测资料干扰因素分析     

屈曼  侯晓真  马栋  陈建国  高晨 《山西地震》2019,(3):17-20,50

在分析研究地倾斜观测资料时,为反映观测曲线的真实变化,需要剔除干扰因素的影响。该文通过整理分析河北省水平摆、垂直摆、水管仪等地倾斜观测资料,将河北省地倾斜干扰因素主要分为观测系统类干扰、观测环境类干扰以及气象因素类干扰。其干扰形态主要表现为变化趋势转折、变化速率改变、固体潮畸变、台阶、毛刺和突跳变化。  相似文献   

Variation in the vertical zonality of erodibility and critical shear stress of rill erosion in China's Hengduan Mountains     

Zhengan Su  Donghong Xiong  Jianhui Zhang  Tao Zhou  Hongkun Yang  Yifan Dong  Haidong Fang  Liangtao Shi 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(1):88-97

Soil erodibility is an essential parameter used in soil erosion prediction. This study selected the Liangshan town watershed to quantify variation in the vertical zonality of rill erodibility (k_r) in China's ecologically fragile Hengduan Mountains. Soil types comprised of yellow–brown (soil A), purple (soil B), and dry-red (soil C) in a descending order of occurrence from the summit to the valley, which roughly corresponds to the vertical climate zone (i.e. cool-high mountain, warm-low mountain, and dry-hot valley sections) of the study area. With elevation, vertical soil zonality varied in both soil organic matter (SOM) content and soil particle-size fractions. A series of rill erosion-based scour experiments were conducted, using water discharge rates of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mL min^-1. Additionally, detachment rates (Dr) were measured under three hydrological conditions (the drainage, saturation, and seepage treatments). Results show that both Dr and flow shear stress (Ʈ) values increased as discharge increased. As elevation increased, the k_r values decreased, while the vertical zonality of critical shear stress (Ʈ_c) values showed no obvious variation. The highest k_r values were observed during the seepage treatment, followed by the saturation treatment then drainage treatment, indicating that variation in vertical hydraulic gradients could significantly alter k_r values. This study also found that land-use types could also alter k_r and Ʈ_c values. Further research, however, is necessary to better quantify the effects of subsurface hydrological conditions and land-use types on k_r under different soil zonalities in China's Hengduan Mountains. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献