Temporal variation of soil erosion resistance on sloping farmland during the growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.)     

Rui Ma  Zicheng Zheng  Tingxuan Li  Shuqin He  Xizhou Zhang  Yongdong Wang  Huagang Huang  Daihua Ye 《水文研究》2021,35(9):e14353

Maize growth has great effects on soil properties and thus likely induces the changes in soil erosion resistance on sloping farmland. However, temporal variation of soil erosion resistance during the growth stages of maize is still unclear in the mountainous yellow soil area where maize is the dominant crop. In this study, four maize plots (MP) and four bare land plots (CK) were conducted to investigate soil erosion resistance, and multiple indicators of soil erosion resistance were measured including the total soil anti-scourability (TAS), mean weight diameter (MWD), soil erodibility K factor and soil shear strength (SH). A comprehensive soil erosion resistance index (CSERI) was employed to quantify the temporal variation of soil erosion resistance during the growth stages of maize (seedling stage, SS; jointing stage, JS; tasselling stage, TS; maturing stage, MS). The results showed that TAS, MWD, SH increased significantly with maize growth and SH decreased when at MS. But K factor decreased significantly over time. CSERI increased significantly during the growth stages of maize and the CSERI of JS, TS, MS increased on average by 74.72, 180.68 and 234.57% than that of SS. Compared to CK, CSERI of MP increased by 49.90, 66.82, 55.60 and 38.61% during the growth stages of maize. The temporal variation of soil erosion resistance was closely related to the changes in maize cover, maize roots and soil organic carbon. The findings demonstrated that it is necessary to consider the temporal variation of soil erosion resistance in the mountainous yellow soil area.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Experimental Investigation of Seepage Properties of Fractured Rocks Under Different Confining Pressures     

D. Ma  X. X. Miao  Z. Q. Chen  X. B. Mao 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2015,48(5):2183-2183

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Multi‐temporal scale changes of streamflow and sediment load in a loess hilly watershed of China          下载免费PDF全文

Guangyao Gao  Ying Ma  Bojie Fu 《水文研究》2016,30(3):365-382

Global climate change and diverse human activities have resulted in distinct temporal–spatial variability of watershed hydrological regimes, especially in water‐limited areas. This study presented a comprehensive investigation of streamflow and sediment load changes on multi‐temporal scales (annual, flood season, monthly and daily scales) during 1952–2011 in the Yanhe watershed, Loess Plateau. The results indicated that the decreasing trend of precipitation and increasing trend of potential evapotranspiration and aridity index were not significant. Significant decreasing trends (p < 0.01) were detected for both the annual and flood season streamflow, sediment load, sediment concentration and sediment coefficient. The runoff coefficient exhibited a significantly negative trend (p < 0.01) on the flood season scale, whereas the decreasing trend on the annual scale was not significant. The streamflow and sediment load during July–August contributed 46.7% and 86.2% to the annual total, respectively. The maximum daily streamflow and sediment load had the median occurrence date of July 31, and they accounted for 9.7% and 29.2% of the annual total, respectively. All of these monthly and daily hydrological characteristics exhibited remarkable decreasing trends (p < 0.01). However, the contribution of the maximum daily streamflow to the annual total progressively decreased (?0.07% year^?1), while that of maximum daily sediment load increased over the last 60 years (0.08% year^?1). The transfer of sloping cropland for afforestation and construction of check‐dams represented the dominant causes of streamflow and sediment load reductions, which also made the sediment grain finer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Damage and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Combined Rock Mass with Anchor Under Different Inclination Angles and Combination Modes     

Tang  Xinbao  Zhang  Qinghao  Zhou  Yan  Ma  Depeng 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(8):5895-5906

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Soft and hard rock assemblages and anchor solids have important effects on rock mechanics properties under different inclinations and assemblages, so it is...  相似文献   

Hydrological cycle and water balance estimates for the megadune–lake region of the Badain Jaran Desert,China          下载免费PDF全文

Yan‐Dong Ma  Jing‐Bo Zhao  Xiao‐Qing Luo  Tian‐Jie Shao  Zhi‐Bao Dong  Qi Zhou 《水文研究》2017,31(18):3255-3268

The hydrology and water balance of megadunes and lakes have been investigated in the Badain Jaran Desert of China. Field observations and analyses of sand layer water content, field capacity, secondary salt content, and grain size reveal 3 types of important natural phenomenon: (a) vegetation bands on the leeward slope of the megadunes reflect the hydrological regime within the sandy vadose zone; (b) seepage, wet sand deposits, and secondary salt deposits indicate the pattern of water movement within the sandy vadose zone; (c) zones of groundwater seeps and descending springs around the lakes reflect the influence of the local topography on the hydrological regime of the megadunes. The seepage exposed on the sloping surface of the megadunes and gravity water contained within the sand layer confirm the occurrence of preferential flow within the vadose zone of the megadunes. Alternating layers of coarse and fine sand create the conditions for the formation of preferential flows. The preferential flows promote movement of water within the sand layer water that leads to deep penetration of water within the megadunes and ultimately to the recharging of groundwater and lake water. Our results indicate that a positive water balance promotes recharge of the megadunes, which depends on the high permeability of the megadune material, the shallow depth of the surface sand layer affected by evaporation, the occurrence of rainfall events exceeding 15 mm, and the sparse vegetation cover. Water balance estimates indicate that the annual water storage of the megadunes is about 7.5 mm, accounting for only 8% of annual precipitation; however, the shallow groundwater per unit area under the megadunes receives only 3.6% of annual precipitation, but it is still able to maintain a dynamic balance of the lake water. From a water budget perspective, the annual water storage in the megadunes is sufficient to serve as a recharge source for lake water, thereby enabling the long‐term persistence of the lakes. Overall, our findings demonstrate that precipitation is a significant component of the hydrological cycle in arid deserts.  相似文献   

Predicting the dependency of a degree of saturation on void ratio and suction using effective stress principle for unsaturated soils     

David Mašín 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(1):73-90

The paper presents an approach to predicting variation of a degree of saturation in unsaturated soils with void ratio and suction. The approach is based on the effective stress principle for unsaturated soils and several underlying assumptions. It focuses on the main drying and wetting processes and does not incorporate the effects of hydraulic hysteresis. It leads to the dependency of water retention curve (WRC) on void ratio, which does not require any material parameters apart from the parameters specifying WRC for the reference void ratio. Its validity is demonstrated by comparing predictions with the experimental data on four different soils taken over from the literature. Good correlation between the measured and predicted behaviour indirectly supports applicability of the effective stress principle for unsaturated soils. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The spatial distribution characteristics of a comprehensive drought risk index in southwestern China and underlying causes   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

Lanying Han  Qiang Zhang  Pengli Ma  Jianying Jia  Jinsong Wang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2016,124(3-4):517-528

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南美Oriente盆地北部海绿石砂岩油藏特征及成藏规律          下载免费PDF全文

阳孝法  谢寅符  张志伟  陈和平  马中振  周玉冰  王丹丹  刘亚明  贺正军  赵永斌 《地质科学》2016,(1):189-203

南美厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地斜坡带发育的白垩系Napo组高伽马特征的UT海绿石砂岩段是成熟探区新发现的隐蔽含油层段。本文分析了海绿石砂岩储层的矿物组成、孔隙结构、成岩作用、物性特点,并结合烃源岩评价与石油空间分布探讨海绿石砂岩油藏的成藏特征。海绿石粘土矿物以颗粒形式存在,与石英共同构成海绿石砂岩的颗粒组分,海绿石砂岩的孔隙结构具有双峰特征,束缚水含量高,属于中-低孔、中-低渗储层类型,孔隙类型主要是剩余粒间孔。海绿石砂岩储层中石英次生加大属Ⅱ级,长石碎屑颗粒发生溶蚀作用,含铁碳酸盐类胶结物发育,结合泥岩低的I/S混层比和高的最高峰温值T_max,指示海绿石砂岩层段属于中成岩阶段A期的产物。与海绿石砂岩油藏紧邻的大面积分布的Ⅱ₁腐泥型成熟烃源岩就是缓翼斜坡带的生烃中心,大面积连续发育的海绿石砂岩与之构成优越的源储组合,有利于上生下储式成藏。海绿石砂岩油藏表现为近源性、成藏晚期性等特点,规模发育的海绿石砂岩储层得以成藏的主要运聚机制是体积流和扩散流运聚机制。这对盆地其它油区同类油藏的发现具有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

地史上巨量蒸发岩省的成因及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

李江海  马丽亚  王洪浩  许丽 《地质科学》2016,(2):619-632

全球蒸发岩从震旦纪到新近纪均有发育, 其最发育时期为震旦纪-寒武纪、二叠纪-三叠纪以及侏罗纪-白垩纪, 且具有幕式分布特点.它们在一定区域(低纬区)常大规模集中发育, 跨越不同的沉积盆地类型, 面积和厚度巨大, 时代跨度较短且连续, 笔者称之为巨量蒸发岩省.本文基于全球蒸发岩层系古板块再造、沉积岩相恢复、地层柱状对比、盆地构造分析等方法, 对巨量蒸发岩省的发育、分布、成因及其地质意义进行了探讨.巨量蒸发岩省形成、分布与地史中的造山带演化、超大陆的聚合与裂解、干旱气候带(南北纬30°之间)、海平面变化等因素有着密切联系; 其主要形成于干旱环境下相对封闭、靠海水潜流补给的台地和盆地中; 所处的构造单元主要为泛大陆板块内部狭长的裂谷带、特提斯造山带的残余洋盆、海-陆过渡带、陆表海或孤立板块的台地中心.  相似文献   

甘肃兰州盆地古近系泥岩的古盐度分析          下载免费PDF全文

李智超  李永项  李文厚  张云翔  谢坤  马瑶 《地质科学》2016,(4):1344-1356

兰州盆地位于青藏高原东北部,祁连山以东,黄土高原以西,古近纪出露地层为细柳沟组、野狐城组和咸水河组下段。作为青藏高原寒区、东部季风区及西北干旱区的交汇地带,兰州地区新生代环境研究受到越来越多的关注,因此有必要对其沉积环境进行研究。本文通过对兰州盆地黄羊头地区古近系进行分段采样,并对泥岩样品的主量元素、微量元素及X射线衍射进行测定,运用硼法、B/Ga值及Sr/Ba值等方法定量—半定量分析兰州盆地古近系沉积时的古盐度特征,同时结合风化指数CIA值的变化特征,综合分析古近系的沉积环境。研究结果表明兰州盆地古近系细柳沟组、野狐城组及咸水河组下段Adams法古盐度值为9.5‰～14.0‰,平均值为11.8‰;Couch法古盐度值为8.2‰～12.8‰,平均值为10.8‰,为内陆半咸水—淡水湖泊。Adams法古盐度值与B/Ga值具有良好的正相关关系,而Adams古盐度值与Sr/Ba值相关性不明显,主要由于地层中生物对Sr的富集作用,导致Sr/Ba值偏大,表明Sr/Ba值不适用于生物富集地层的古盐度恢复。环境研究认为细柳沟期,气候湿润,以冲积扇沉积为主,水体较浅,盐度值较大;到野狐城中期水体加深,变为湖相沉积,气候温暖湿润,盐度值降低,同时存在明显的干冷气候间隙,该间隙期湖盆蒸发量大于补给量,盐度值升高;从野狐城晚期开始湖盆逐渐萎缩,以滨湖相沉积为主,到韩家井期变为河流相沉积,至甘家滩期再次转为湖相沉积,盐度值先升高后降低,但整体风化程度明显降低,表明从野狐城组晚期开始气候逐渐变冷变干。  相似文献