Application of iron electrode corrosion enhanced electrokinetic-Fenton oxidation to remediate diesel contaminated soils: A laboratory feasibility study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tzai-Tang Tsai  Jygau Sah  Chih-Ming Kao 《Journal of Hydrology》2010,380(1-2):4-13

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Assessment of Radar Waveform Retracked Jason-2 Altimetry Sea Surface Heights Near Taiwan Coastal Ocean     

Chung-Yen Kuo  Huan-Chin Kao  Hyongki Lee  Kai-Chien Cheng  Li-Ching Lin 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):188-197

This study focuses on assessing the accuracy of 20-Hz waveform retracked Jason-2 (J-2) altimetry sea surface heights (SSHs) in the vicinity of Taiwan by comparisons with the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) 10-Hz SSHs and sea level data from the Anping tide gauge. The study areas exhibit high, medium, and low amplitudes of ocean tides and contain diverse bathymetries with depths of 0–4000 m. The performance of Offset Center of Gravity (OCOG), threshold, modified threshold, and ice retrackers was examined by comparing the retracked SSHs with Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM08) geoid via the use of the improvement percentages (IMPs). The results indicate that both altimetry measurements are significantly improved by waveform retracking techniques, with a maximum IMP of 46.6% for T/P and 82.0% for J-2, and the optimal achievement of retrackers is influenced by the characteristics of the study areas. In addition, valid retracked J-2 SSHs are much closer to shorelines than T/P. A comparison of retracked J-2 data with Anping tide gauge records reveals that applying the optimal retracking algorithms reduces the root mean squares of differences and increases the number of valid measurements.  相似文献   

Field investigation of the natural attenuation and intrinsic biodegradation rates at an underground storage tank site   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. M. Kao  Y. S. Wang 《Environmental Geology》2001,40(4-5):622-631

 Contamination of groundwater by petroleum-hydrocarbons is a widespread environmental problem. Natural attenuation is a passive remedial approach to degrade and dissipate contaminants in soil and groundwater. In this study, a mass flux approach was used to calculate the contaminant mass reduction and field-scale decay rate at a gasoline spill site. The mass flux technique is accomplished using the differences in total contaminant mass flux across two cross sections of the contaminant plume. The mass flux calculation shows that up to 88% of the dissolved BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers) removal was observed by natural attenuation processes. The efficiency of intrinsic biodegradation was evaluated by the in situ tracer method. A first-order decay model was applied for the natural attenuation and intrinsic biodegradation rate calculation. Results reveal that intrinsic biodegradation process was the major cause of the BTEX reduction among the natural attenuation mechanisms, and iron reduction was the dominant biodegradation pattern within the plume. Approximately 87% of the BTEX removal was caused by intrinsic biodegradation processes. The calculated BTEX natural attenuation and intrinsic biodegradation rates were 0.24 and 0.16% l/day, respectively. Results suggest that natural attenuation mechanisms can effectively contain the plume, and the mass flux method is useful in assessing the efficiency of the natural attenuation. Received: 6 December 1999 · Accepted: 11 July 2000  相似文献   

The Lagrangian governing equations of a rotating,compressible, viscous atmosphere     

S. K. Kao 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1980,119(1):9-15

In this paper, the Lagrangian equations of motion, thermodynamics, continuity and diffusion of a rotating, compressible, viscous atmosphere are derived. It is shown that the pressure force and Laplacian terms involving velocity, temperature and concentration in the Eulerian system become nonlinear in the Lagrangian system. In the case that these Laplacian terms can be neglected, the governing equations in the Lagrangian system can be greatly simplified, and particle dynamics and dispersion can be investigated.  相似文献   

The effect of a sinusoidal wave motion on diffusion from an infinite line source     

S. K. Kao  Jan Paegle  R. D. Youngblood 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1975,113(1):501-513

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An analysis of the topographical effect on turbulence and diffusion in the atmosphere's boundary layer     

S. K. Kao  H. N. Lee  K. I. Smidy 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1975,8(3-4):323-334

An analysis of the wind data recorded at the fifteen stations in the Salt Lake Valley indicates that the distributions of the kinetic energy of the mean and turbulent motions in the valley are generally inhomogeneous and nonstationary. The mean motion in the valley, which is strongly affected by the mountain-valley winds, shows a southeasterly flow in the evening and early morning, a northwesterly flow in the afternoon, and a transitional flow in the late morning and after sunset. The mountain winds generally associate with a horizontally convergent flow, whereas the valley winds associate with a horizontally divergent flow. The distributions of the kinetic energy of the mean and turbulent motions show a maximum occurring in the central part of the valley and two minimums, one in the northern and one in the southern part of the valley. In the afternoon, both the mean and turbulent motions increase their intensities, particularly in the western part of the valley. An analysis of the dispersion characteristics indicates that the rate of diffusion in the valley changes with time and space, with a maximum occurring in the early afternoon and minimum in the early morning.  相似文献   

Mountain effect on the motion in the atmosphere's boundary layer     

S. K. Kao  J. N. Paegle  W. E. Normington 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1974,7(4):501-512

An analysis of 3 years' (1967–70) radiosonde wind data on the windward (Salt Lake City, Utah) and lee (Denver, Colorado) sides of mountains indicates that at these two stations: (1) the distributions of the kinetic energy of the mean and turbulent motions are similar above the mountain top; (2) below the mountain top, on the windward side, mountains tend to divert the component of the mean motion normal to the mountains to that parallel to the mountains; (3) the meridional eddy transport of westerly momentum is affected by the presence of the mountains to a higher level to the lee of the mountains than upwind of them; (4) the production of turbulent energy is higher below the mountain top in the vicinity of mountains than it is for the zonal average; (5) high frequencies of the motion show a more pronounced contribution in the meridional motion in the windward side, but in the zonal motion in the lee of the mountains; (6) disturbances of 1–2 day periods can be maintained deep into the valley, whereas disturbances of longer periods reduce their amplitudes rapidly with decreasing height from the mountain top; (7) the cospectra of the wind velocities show that the southward/northward transport of westerly momentum results from a southward/northward contribution from most frequencies. The main contributions come from eddies with periods longer than two days.  相似文献   

Rapid identification of earthquake rupture plane using Source-Scanning Algorithm   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Honn Kao  Shao-Ju Shan 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,168(3):1011-1020

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Evolution of Bioreactor Technologies for High-Concentration Contaminant Mixes in Groundwater     

John Horst  Jon Forbort  Mark Klemmer  Jen Kao  Robert J. Stuetzle  Rick Wenzel 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2019,39(3):12-22

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Elastic behavior of vanadinite,Pb<Subscript>10</Subscript>(VO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>6</Subscript>Cl<Subscript>2</Subscript>, a microporous non-zeolitic mineral     

G. Diego Gatta  Yongjae Lee  Chi-Chang Kao 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2009,36(6):311-317

The high-pressure behavior of a vanadinite (Pb₁₀(VO₄)₆Cl₂, a = b = 10.3254(5), c = 7.3450(4) Å, space group P6₃/m), a natural microporous mineral, has been investigated using in-situ HP-synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 7.67 GPa with a diamond anvil cell under hydrostatic conditions. No phase transition has been observed within the pressure range investigated. Axial and volume isothermal Equations of State (EoS) of vanadinite were determined. Fitting the P–V data with a third-order Birch-Murnaghan (BM) EoS, using the data weighted by the uncertainties in P and V, we obtained: V ₀ = 681(1) Å³, K ₀ = 41(5) GPa, and K′ = 12.5(2.5). The evolution of the lattice constants with P shows a strong anisotropic compression pattern. The axial bulk moduli were calculated with a third-order “linearized” BM-EoS. The EoS parameters are: a ₀ = 10.3302(2) Å, K ₀(a) = 35(2) GPa and K′(a) = 10(1) for the a-axis; c ₀ = 7.3520(3) Å, K ₀(c) = 98(4) GPa, and K′(c) = 9(2) for the c-axis (K ₀(a):K ₀(c) = 1:2.80). Axial and volume Eulerian-finite strain (fe) at different normalized stress (Fe) were calculated. The weighted linear regression through the data points yields the following intercept values: Fe _a (0) = 35(2) GPa for the a-axis, Fe _c (0) = 98(4) GPa for the c-axis and Fe _V (0) = 45(2) GPa for the unit-cell volume. The slope of the regression lines gives rise to K′ values of 10(1) for the a-axis, 9(2) for the c-axis and 11(1) for the unit cell-volume. A comparison between the HP-elastic response of vanadinite and the iso-structural apatite is carried out. The possible reasons of the elastic anisotropy are discussed.  相似文献