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91.
Following the statistical analyses of long‐term rainfall‐runoff records from research basins in humid temperate latitudes, Hewlett and co‐workers extended the global challenge to disprove their findings that rainfall intensity was non‐significant. This paper responds to Hewlett's challenge as no preceding analyses have involved forested basins in a tropical cyclone‐prone area. Based on a 7 year rainfall‐runoff record, quickflow (QF), peak flow (QP) and quickflow response ratios (QRR) were regressed as dependent variables against rainfall parameters (intensity, Pi, amount, P), storm duration, D and antecedent flow, I. These data sets were categorised into total streamflow (Q) classes and stratified into three seasons, (monsoon, post‐monsoon and dry) for forested and cleared catchments. Where rainfall variable collinearity met acceptable levels, the addition of Pi to regression models including P, D, I contributed up to 9% and 66% of the respective variations in quickflow and peak flow. For the highest Q storm classes (monsoon), Pi alone accounted for up to 67% and 91% of the variation in QF and QP respectively and was the dominant influence on QP for all seasons. The very high rainfall intensities experienced in the monsoon season is a causal factor why these results differ from those of other research drainage basins. Surprisingly, Pi continued to have a significant influence on QF for dry season classes when less‐intense rainfall occurs. Further the results were similar for both catchments across all seasons. P was the dominant independent variable affecting QF above a threshold Q of 50 mm (monsoon), as rainfall contributes directly to saturation overland flow and return flow under saturated conditions. Further although QRR increased with increasing Q for each season, the regression results for that parameter were poor possibly due to the non‐linearity of the rainfall‐runoff relationship. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
92.
Douglas S. Hall Gregory W. Henry Dietmar Böhme Peter A. Brooks Sandy Chang Ales Dolzan George L. Fortier Robert E. Fried Russell M. Genet Bruce S. Grim James Hannon Darrel B. Hoff Kevin Krisciunas Howard J. Landis Howard P. Louth Larry P. Lovell Paul Nielsen Bobby E. Powell Harry D. Powell Don Pray Thomas R. Renner Charles W. Rogers Stephen Shervais Douglas M. Slauson Samuel Slote Harold J. Stelzer Arthur J. Stokes Jack C. Troeger Louis C. Turner Norman F. Wasson Kenneth W. Zeigler 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1991,12(4):281-287
We present photoelectric photometry of λ And never before published, obtained between February 1982 and December 1990 at 29
different observatories. Then we combine it with all other photometry available to us (previously published, contained in
the I.A.U. Commission 27 Archives, and obtained with the Vanderbilt 16-inch automatic telescope but not yet published), to
yield a 14.8-year data base. Analysis reveals a long-term cycle in mean brightness, with a full range of 0m.15 and a period of 11.4 ± 0.4 years. Because most of our new photometry was concentrated in the 1983-84 observing season,
we analyze that one well-defined light curve with a two-spot model. Spot A keeps a 0m.04 amplitude throughout four rotation cycles whereas the amplitude of spot B diminishes from 0m.09 down almost to 0m.03. The spot rotation periods were 55d.9 ± 0d.6 and 520d.8 ± 1d.0, respectively. 相似文献
93.
Howard J. Falcon-Lang 《Geology Today》2005,21(5):178-181
It's hard to imagine the Rockies or the Alps without forests, but until about 360 million years ago the Earth's mountains were probably bare of vegetation. Almost a Martian landscape, this was a world of rocky screes, mudflows and flash floods. Lichen may have clung here and there, but as for large plants, most were restricted to wetland delta-plains close to sea level. But everything was about to change. The evolution of the seed in Late Devonian times altered the face of our planet forever. Analogous to the reptile egg in the animal kingdom, the seed freed plants from the necessity of surface water for reproduction, and paved the way for the invasion of mountainous terrain. 相似文献
94.
95.
R. D. Robinson R. T. Stewart N. R. Sheeley Jr. R. A. Howard J. Koomen D. J. Michels 《Solar physics》1986,105(1):149-171
An investigation is made to determine the relationship between a coronal mass ejection (CME) and the characteristics of associated metre-wave activity. It is found that (1) the CME width and leading edge velocity can be highly influential in determining the intensity, spectral complexity and frequency coverage of both type II and continuum bursts; (2) the presence of a CME is possibly a necessary condition for the production of a metric continuum event and (3) metric continuum bursts as well as intense, complex type II events are preferentially associated with strong, long lasting soft X-ray events. 相似文献
96.
97.
Nature,origin and evolution of a Late Pleistocene incised valley‐fill,Sunda Shelf,Southeast Asia 下载免费PDF全文
Faisal A. Alqahtani Howard D. Johnson Christopher A.‐L. Jackson Mohd Rapi B. Som 《Sedimentology》2015,62(4):1198-1232
Understanding the stratigraphic fill and reconstructing the palaeo‐hydrology of incised valleys can help to constrain those factors that controlled their origin, evolution and regional significance. This condition is addressed through the analysis of a large (up to 18 km wide by 80 m deep) and exceptionally well‐imaged Late Pleistocene incised valley from the Sunda Shelf (South China Sea) based on shallow three‐dimensional seismic data from a large (11 500 km2), ‘merge’ survey, supplemented with site survey data (boreholes and seismic). This approach has enabled the characterization of the planform geometry, cross‐sectional area and internal stratigraphic architecture, which together allow reconstruction of the palaeo‐hydrology. The valley‐fill displays five notable stratigraphic features: (i) it is considerably larger than other seismically resolvable channel forms and can be traced for at least 180 km along its length; (ii) it is located in the axial part of the Malay Basin; (iii) the youngest part of the valley‐fill is dominated by a large (600 m wide and 23 m deep), high‐sinuosity channel, with well‐developed lateral accretion surfaces; (iv) the immediately adjacent interfluves contain much smaller, dendritic channel systems, which resemble tributaries that drained into the larger incised valley system; and (v) a ca 16 m thick, shell‐bearing, Holocene clay caps the valley‐fill. The dimension, basin location and palaeo‐hydrology of this incised valley leads to the conclusion that it represents the trunk river, which flowed along the length of the Malay Basin; it connected the Gulf of Thailand in the north with the South China Sea in the south‐east. The length of the river system (>1200 km long) enables examination of the upstream to downstream controls on the evolution of the incised valley, including sea‐level, climate and tectonics. The valley size, orientation and palaeo‐hydrology suggest close interaction between the regional tectonic framework, low‐angle shelf physiography and a humid‐tropical climatic setting. 相似文献
98.
Abstract Cloudless‐sky solar fluxes calculated by the radiative transfer algorithm used in the Canadian Climate Centre's general circulation climate model are compared with measurements of upwelling radiation at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and downwelling radiation at the surface. The 12‐layer model partitions the solar spectrum into two broad wavebands (0.25–0.68 and 0.68–4.00 μm). The comparison utilized TOA fluxes estimated from Nimbus‐ 7 measurements and measured downwelling fluxes at the surface for Kalgoorlie, West Australia, and downwelling fluxes at the surface for Woodbridge, Ontario. Model estimates and measurements agreed to within experimental error for most solar zenith angles. Estimates improved, especially at Woodbridge, when aerosol effects were included. The mean bias error was less than 4% for surface irradiance and less than 6% for upwelling TOA irradiance, which produces a TOA albedo error of about 0.01. 相似文献
99.
We revisit the 1.3-year (yr) signals observed on the Sun, in the interplanetary space, and in the Earth’s magnetosphere to study the coupling among signals from the three regions for about 40 years (1970?–?2007) covering the three solar cycles 21, 22, and 23. For this, we make dynamic spectra of datasets including three different regions. From this, we estimate the peak frequency around 1.3 yr for each region and the corresponding band power. We found that coherent power only appears during 1987?–?1995 and the coherent behavior is found only in the interplanetary space and Earth, not in the Sun. Although the solar surface magnetic field shows significant power around 1.3 yr, their peak frequencies are statistically different from those of the outer regions, which make us dismiss the existence of coherence among the three regions. But it is notable that the peaks in band power corresponding to the 1.3-yr period are clearly simultaneous in the interplanetary space and Earth. 相似文献
100.
J. S. Morrill C. M. Korendyke G. E. Brueckner F. Giovane R. A. Howard M. Koomen D. Moses S. P. Plunkett A. Vourlidas E. Esfandiari N. Rich D. Wang A. F. Thernisien P. Lamy A. Llebaria D. Biesecker D. Michels Q. Gong M. Andrews 《Solar physics》2006,233(2):331-372
We present a detailed review of the calibration of the LASCO C3 coronagraph on the SOHO satellite. Most of the calibration
has been in place since early in the mission and has been utilized to varying degrees as required by specific analysis efforts.
However, using observational data from the nearly decade-long database of LASCO images, we have re-evaluated and improved
many aspects of the calibration. This includes the photometric calibration, vignetting function, geometric distortion, stray
light, and exposure and observation times. Using this comprehensive set of corrections we have generated and made available
a set of calibrated coronal images along with a set of periodic background images to ease the accessibility and use of the
LASCO database.
Deceased 相似文献