Empirical relationships between natural vibration period and height of buildings in Singapore          下载免费PDF全文

Tso‐Chien Pan  Key Seng Goh  Kusnowidjaja Megawati 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(3):449-465

Singapore is a classic case of a modern metropolis with low hazard but high exposure to the seismicity in Sumatra. Because of land shortage, more than 80% of the population lives in high‐rise residential buildings. As part of the efforts to assess the seismic performance of buildings in Singapore subjected to long‐distance Sumatran earthquakes, relationships between the natural vibration period and height of high‐rise public residential buildings in Singapore are derived empirically by conducting ambient vibration tests on 116 buildings. The measured buildings have a height ranging from 4 to 30 stories. The aspect ratio of buildings in plan is found to be insignificant in affecting the natural vibration period of the first mode of the buildings. The period‐height relationships are derived using regression analysis considering the site properties of a building. It is concluded that the vibration periods estimated from the proposed period‐height relationship for buildings located at soft‐soil site are about 40% longer than the vibration periods estimated for buildings located at firm‐soil site. Measurements are also conducted to study the influence of buildings on the measured frequency of the surrounding soil. For this purpose, two buildings with 25 and 30 stories located at firm‐soil site and soft‐soil site, respectively, are selected. It is found that the distance of building influence on the measured frequency of the surrounding soil may reach up to one building height for a firm‐soil site and two building heights for a soft‐soil site. Additional data of natural vibration periods of 19 instrumented residential buildings, which have height ranging from 9 to 30 stories, were obtained from the building response recorded during the September 30, 2009 Sumatran earthquake event. The natural vibration periods of these buildings are compared with those estimated using the proposed period‐height relationships, and the absolute differences are found to be less than 12%. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Response of tall buildings to weak long distance earthquakes     

James Mark William Brownjohn  Tso Chien Pan 《地震工程与结构动力学》2001,30(5):709-729

In the last decade, two tall buildings in Singapore were instrumented with accelerometers and anemometers for the original purpose of identifying the characteristics and effects of wind loading. During the monitoring it became clear that the largest acceleration responses should result from ground motions due to earthquakes having magnitudes between 6 and 8 and epicentres at least 350 km distant. The paper describes the strategy for identifying and capturing the signals from distant tremors, which depends on tracking the RMS response levels in the second vibration mode. Characteristics of some recorded signals are given. While response levels are generally small, the frequency content coincides with the range of fundamental mode frequencies for high rise residential buildings. The validity of using a tall building as a ‘weak‐motion’ seismograph is discussed by considering the mode shape of the building and the measured transfer function between basement and roof responses. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Effect of Aftershocks on Assessment of Seismic Hazard for Hebei Seismic Zone,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Liu Zhihui  Fu Zhengxiang  Jin Xueshen  Shao Huicheng  Zhu Ailan 《中国地震研究》2002,16(2):160-166

In this paper,the earthquake hazard parameters(λm,b and Mmax) from the maximum likelihood method for the raw catalogue and declustered catalogues have been used to discuss the effect of the aftershocks on the earthquake hazard estimation.The declusterd catalogues have been compoiled from the raw catalogues by deleting the aftershocks in different time interval after main shock according to the criteria for the aftershock activity period.As an example,Hebei seismic zone is taken to show the effect of the aftershock on the earthquake hazard assessment because three strong earthquakes with the aftershocks occurred from 1966,to 1976,The results have been shown that the effect of the aftershocks on the parameters λm,b is significant.The difference between the clustered and declustered catalogues has reached in seismic activity rate and recurrence period,at most,45% and 90%,respectively,But the diffeence in Mmax is smaller,Based on this,the suggestion that the aftershocks should be omitted in the estimation of the earthquake hazard could be made,but how long the aftershocks activity duration is still left to the future research.  相似文献   

Prediction of the maximum credible ground motion in Singapore due to a great Sumatran subduction earthquake: the worst‐case scenario     

Kusnowidjaja Megawati  Tso‐Chien Pan 《地震工程与结构动力学》2002,31(8):1501-1523

Although Singapore is located in a low‐seismicity region, huge but infrequent Sumatran subduction earthquakes might pose structural problems to medium‐ and high‐rise buildings in the city. Based on a series of ground motion simulations of potential earthquakes that may affect Singapore, the 1833 Sumatran subduction earthquake (M_w=9.0) has been identified to be the worst‐case scenario earthquake. Bedrock motions in Singapore due to the hypothesized earthquake are simulated using an extended reflectivity method, taking into account uncertainties in source rupture process. Random rupture models, considering the uncertainties in rupture directivity, slip distribution, presence of asperities, rupture velocity and dislocation rise time, are made based on a range of seismologically possible models. The simulated bedrock motions have a very long duration of about 250 s with a predominant period between 1.8 and 2.5 s, which coincides with the natural periods of medium‐ and high‐rise buildings widely found in Singapore. The 90‐percentile horizontal peak ground acceleration is estimated to be 33 gal and the 90‐percentile horizontal spectral acceleration with 5% damping ratio is 100 gal within the predominant period range. The 90‐percentile bedrock motion would generate base shear force higher than that required by the current design code, where seismic design has yet to be considered. This has not taken into account effects of local soil response that might further amplify the bedrock motion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

陕西周至及邻区地震活动分析     

彭玉柱  邵辉成 《山西地震》1994,(3):32-35

分析了陕西周至及附近的地震活动及有感地震的等震线特征，认为该区以孤立型小震或小震群活动为主，在较大范围内，地壳应力还是处于调整状态，近期发生中强以上地震的可能性不大。  相似文献   

Changes in river regime after the construction of upstream reservoirs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ning Chien 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1985,10(2):143-159

This article presents and analyses many years of investigations in China on the fluvial processes downstream of impounding and detention reservoirs. The study covers the change in hydrograph, the recovering of sediment concentration along the river course, the degradation of stream bed, the adjustment of longitudinal profile, the coarsening of bed material, the change in channel width, and the trend of channel pattern variation for alluvial streams downstream of impounding reservoirs. Without confluence of major tributaries, the degradation may extend to a great distance below the dam. In the process of reducing the sediment carrying capacity of the flow to match the diminished sediment supply, the coarsening of bed material is a factor of equal, if not greater, importance as compared with the flattening of channel gradient. In places where the flow has not been sufficiently cut down and the bank is erosive non-resistant, a receding of banklines may take place in concurrence with the deepening of the river bed. Below detention reservoirs, even if the total runoff and sediment supply remain essentially unchanged, the modification of the hydrograph is sufficient to enhance the deterioration of the downstream channel.  相似文献   

Effects of infill walls and floor diaphragms on the dynamic characteristics of a narrow‐rectangle building     

Tso‐Chien Pan  Xuting You  James M. W. Brownjohn 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(5):637-651

Most buildings in Singapore are lightly reinforced concrete structures, which are mainly designed for gravity loading only, because Singapore is an island country located in a low‐to‐moderate seismic region. The dynamic properties of a typical high‐rise residential building with a long, narrow rectangular floor plan are studied using both experimental and numerical methods. The effects of the brick infill walls and the flexible diaphragms on the dynamic characteristics of the building are discussed in detail. The results from the ambient vibration tests are correlated with the numerical results of three different finite element models with different levels of sophistication. They include a bare frame model, a frame model with brick infill walls, and a frame model with both brick infill walls and flexible diaphragms. The dynamic properties of the third model match very well with the measured results in terms of both the natural frequencies and the mode shapes. The correlation results demonstrate the respective effects of the brick infill walls and the flexible diaphragms on the dynamic characteristics of the narrow‐rectangle building structure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The application of genetic algorithm in debris flows prediction   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Tung-Chiung Chang  Yue-Hone Chien 《Environmental Geology》2007,53(2):339-347

Debris flows caused serious loss of human lives and damages to properties in Taiwan for the past decades. A number of methods for prediction of debris flows have been studied including numerical method, statistic method, experiment method and neural network method in recent years. This study proposed a genetic algorithm (GA) model for occurrence prediction of debris flows. A total of 154 potential cases of debris flows collected in eastern Taiwan were fed into the GA for training and testing. The average ratio of successful prediction reaching 90.4% demonstrates that the presented GA model can provide a stable and reliable result for prediction of debris flows in the hazard mitigation and guarding system.  相似文献   

Occurrence of phthalate esters around the major plastic industrial area in southern Taiwan     

Acharee Kaewlaoyoong  Chi Thanh Vu  Chitsan Lin  Chien Sen Liao  Jenq-Renn Chen 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(12):457

The increasing usage and disposal of plastic products could cause the wide distribution of phthalate esters (PAEs) in various environmental media. In this study, six PAE compounds, namely dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate, were analyzed in various samples collected from the major plastic industrial area of southern Taiwan, including soil, fertilizer and plastic products, for the purposes of identifying of the possible sources of PAEs and assessing the related health risk. The results show that PAEs in soil samples was dominated by DEHP, with the total concentrations in the range of 0.7?±?0.5, 0.2?±?0.1, and 0.3?±?0.2 mg kg^?1 for soil samples from farmland, household back gardens and the roadside, respectively. Contents of PAEs in chemical fertilizer (ND—0 0.87 mg kg^?1) were higher than that in organic fertilizer (ND—0.08 mg kg^?1), and PAEs concentrations (ND—316 mg kg^?1) in plastic mulching films were much less than those in the other types of plastic products (ND—1719 mg kg^?1), implying that major sources of PAEs in agricultural soil could be the use of chemical fertilizer and plastic products other than plastic mulching films. Health risk assessment suggested that, via the exposure to PAEs in soil, the potential non-cancer and carcinogenic risks for adults and children are minimal in most cases, except that a “moderate” carcinogenic risk for children exposure to DEHP. The results of this study can serve as a reference for further pollution prevention and environmental protection plans in relation to the industrial operation and discharge as well as the farming practices.  相似文献   

城市供水系统多水源联合调度模型及应用          下载免费PDF全文

于冰  梁国华  何斌  董立新  周惠成 《水科学进展》2015,26(6):874-884

从城市供水系统的关键元素出发,通过系统网络拓扑分析,构建了"水源—水厂—分区用户"三层供水系统网络拓扑结构;基于此拓扑结构和兼顾整个供水系统的社会效益和供水成本两个调度目标,建立城市供水系统的多水源联合供水优化调度模型;利用NSGA-II(Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II)算法进行模型求解,并给出最佳均衡解的选择规则;将该模型应用于南水北调中线一期工程通水后的天津市供水系统.实例研究结果表明,该模型实现了天津市不同来水丰枯组合情景下多种水源的合理分配,能够为决策者提供均衡社会效益与供水成本的详细供水方案,还可以在一定程度上反映出供水系统存在的工程问题,可为保障城市供水安全提供技术支撑.如最不利典型年来水情景下,总可供水量(14.73亿m3)大于天津市总需水量(13.77亿m3),但由于供水工程能力限制,特定供水规则下推荐的社会效益与供水成本折中方案的缺水量为2.44亿m3、总供水成本为32.6亿元.  相似文献