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211.
212.
Noble gas isotopes including 3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar and Xe isotope ratios were determined for coexisting glass and olivine crystals in tholeiitic and alkalic basalts and dunite xenoliths from Loihi Seamount.Glass and coexisting olivine crystals have similar 3He/4He ratios (2.8–3.4) × 10?5, 20 to 24 times the atmospheric ratio (RA), but different 40Ar/36Ar ratios (400–1000). Based on the results of noble gas isotope ratios and microscopic observation, some olivine crystals are xenocrysts. We conclude that He is equilibrated between glass and olivine xenocrysts, but Ar is not.The apparent high 3He/4He ratio (3 × 10?5; = 21 RA) coupled with a relatively high 40Ar/36Ar ratio (4200) for dunite xenoliths (KK 17-5) may be explained by equilibration of He between MORB-type cumulates and the host magma.Except for the dunite xenoliths, noble gas data for these Loihi samples are compatible with a model in which samples from hot spot areas may be explained by mixing between P (plume)-type and M (MORB)-type components with the addition of A (atmosphere)-type component.Excess 129Xe has not been observed due to apparent large mass fractionation among Xe isotopes. 相似文献
213.
Two examples of sudden brightenings in local regions of active prominences as observed at the center of the H line are described. The origin of the brightenings is discussed in terms of Doppler shifts along the line of sight, Doppler brightenings and intrinsic changes of physical conditions. It is shown that the two examples presented here have common characteristics and the origin may probably be attributed to intrinsic changes of physical conditions.Contributions from the Kwasan and Hida Observatories, University of Kyoto, No. 257. 相似文献
214.
Variation of precipitation δ18O in Langtang Valley Himalayas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The variation of the δ18O in precipitation and the relationship with precipitation amount at Kyangjin Base House and Yala Glacier Camp in Langtang
Valley, Nepal Himalayas were analyzed. The variations of the δ18O with precipitation had great scatter, and the correlations between the δ18O and precipitation changed with time on the synoptic scale. On the seasonal scale, there was marked amount effect at Kyangjin
Base House. However, the δ18O-precipitation gradient was smaller than that on the synoptic scale. Because of the maintenance of the basic equilibrium
between stable isotopic compositions in atmospheric vapor and precipitation, the evaporation enrichment was light during the
rainy season. Therefore, the variation of stable isotopic compositions in precipitation was independent on the sampling intervals.
Simulations show that the rainfall in Langtang Valley was not the outcome of the initial condensation of ocean vapor that
originated from low latitudes. The stable isotopic compositions in precipitation were greatly depleted due to the strong rainout
of the vapor from oceans as the vapor was raised over the Himalayas. 相似文献
215.
Spectroscopic observations of the Nai D emission lines of prominences were made with the Domeless Solar Telescope in Hida Observatory. When active prominences are bright in the D2 emission line, the intensity ratio of D1 to D2 is found to deviate significantly from the theoretical ratio of the optically-thin case. On the other hand, the intensity ratio is close to the theoretical ratio for the most part of quiescent prominences. Furthermore, the full widths at half maximum intensity of the D2 emission line for active prominences become wider than those of the D1 line, as the intensity of the D2 line gets higher. These observed features clearly show that the emitting region of the Nai D lines is optically thick in some types of prominences. Non-LTE calculations were made by taking the ionization degree of hydrogen atoms and the thickness of the prominences and the electron temperature as free parameters. It is shown that the electron temperature of the emitting region of the Nai D lines should be as low as 4000 K for an explanation of the large optical thickness of the Nai D lines for active prominences. Brief discussions are included about the possible existence of low temperatures in active prominences. 相似文献
216.
Masachika Masujima Ichiro Yasuda Yutaka Hiroe Tomowo Watanabe 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(6):855-869
Oyashio water flowing into the Mixed Water Region (MWR) and the Kuroshio Extension region that forms North Pacific Intermediate
Water (NPIW) has been examined, based on four Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profiler (CTD)/Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current
Profiler (L-ADCP) surveys of water masses and ocean currents. There are two processes by which the Oyashio water intrudes
across the Subarctic Front (SAF): one is a direct cross-nearshore-SAF transport near Hokkaido along the western boundary,
and the other is a cross-offshore-SAF process. Seasonal variations were observed in the former process, and the transport
of the Oyashio water across SAF near Hokkaido in the density range of 26.6–27.4σθ was 5–10 Sv in spring 1998 and 2001, and 0–4 Sv in autumn 2000, mainly corresponding to the change of the southwestward Oyashio
transport. Through the latter process, 5–6 Sv of the Oyashio water was entrained across the offshore SAF from south of Hokkaido
to 150° in both spring 2001 and autumn 2000. The total cross-SAF Oyashio water transport contributing to NPIW formation is
more than 10 Sv, which is larger than previously reported values. Most of the Oyashio water formed through the former process
was transported southeastward through the Kuroshio Extension. It is suggested that the Oyashio intrusion via the latter process
feeds NPIW in the northern part of the MWR, mainly along the Subarctic Boundary and SAF.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
217.
Cultures of six marine phytoplankton were grown at ammonium concentrations ranging up to 200 μg-atom NH4---N litre−1. Only the growth of dinoflagellates, Gymnodinium splendens and Gonyaulax polyedra was inhibited at the two highest concentrations used. In 3-h photosynthetic 14CO2 uptake experiments, only Gymnodinium was inhibited at concentrations of NH4---N greater than 100 μg-atom litre−1. We conclude that the increased ammonium concentrations found near Southern California sewage outfalls would not be inhibiting to phytoplankton in the vicinity of such outfalls. 相似文献
218.
Masayuki Takahashi Toshisuke Nakai Takashi Ishimaru Hiroshi Hasumoto Yoshihiko Fujita 《Journal of Oceanography》1985,41(2):73-80
Continuous distribution of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) was confirmed in the Kuroshio and neighbouring areas in observations at 15 to 40 km intervals. Chlorophyll amounts occurring in and immediately around the SCM constituted 60 to 80% of the total chlorophyll in the water column above the 1% light level. The SCM zone received 1 to 10% of the surface irradiance at its center and contained sufficient macronutrients to support approximately one doubling of the existing phytoplankton biomass at most stations. There were several stations where there were higher nutrient concentrations that would support more than one doubling of the existing biomass around the SCM zone, and this was interpreted as resulting from uplift of the SCM zone due to upwelling. 相似文献
219.
Photosynthetic pigment system of picophytoplankton of cyanophytes was examined with five strains isolated from the Kuroshio
water at the depth of 70 m. Examination was made for the absorption spectra of intact cells of each strain. Analysis of pigment
composition was also made withSynechococcus NIBB 1059 and 1071, which were isolated from surface waters of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio area, respectively. Results indicated
that (1) all strains contain phycoerythrin with a very high concentration, and (2) the phycoerythrin in these strains contains
two chromophores, phycoerythrobilin and phycourobilin, and (3) a large abundance of phycoerythrin and phycourobilin in the
phycoerythrin enablesSynechococcus picophytoplankton to absorb effectively the light in the blue-green region at the subsurface depth. These characteristics
suggest that cyanophytes in the subsurface water can collectt the blue-green light and perform actively photosynthesis even
at the bottom of euphotic layer. 相似文献
220.
Eguchi Takao Fujinawa Yukio Fujita Eisuke Iwasaki Sin-Iti Watabe Isao Fujiwara Hiroyuki 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1998,20(2):73-94
We installed a real-time operating regional observation network of Ocean-Bottom-Seismometers, connected to an electro-optical fiber communication cable, at the Sagami trough subduction zone, just south of the Tokyo metropolitan area, central Japan. The network, called ETMC, has six seismic observation sites at approximately 20 km spacing. In addition, there are three tsunami observation sites along the ETMC network to monitor the propagation process of tsunamis around the Sagami trough region.The on-line data from the ETMC has been improving the detection capability of smaller-magnitude earthquakes even at areas close to the margin of the trough. The ETMC data analyzing system, which has a function of real-time digital filtering for each seismic channel, can read the arrival times of P- and S-waves precisely, constraining well the automatic on-line hypocenter locations. The network has been providing useful information regarding the bending and downgoing process of the Philippine sea plate at the Sagami trough subduction zone.The pressure sensors of the installed network have a detection capability of tsunami wave trains with an amplitude of less than 1 cm. For example, the sensors recorded the full time history of tsunami wave trains, with mm order resolution, originating from a tsunami earthquake with 5.7 MW and the tsunami magnitude of 7.5 occurred near Tori Shima (Tori Is.) of the Izu-Bonin Is. arc on September 4, 1996. The maximum amplitude of the tsunami signals on the trough-floor was approximately 1 cm (P-P), in contrast with approximately 20 cm (0-P) at a coastal site on Izu-Oshima, near the trough. Also, the pressure sensors observed tsunamis due to a large tsunami earthquake (7.1 MW) at the northern New Guinea, on July 17, 1998. 相似文献