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11.
M. Rizwan M. Ilyas A. Masood I. Towhata 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(4):328-332
Pakistan has a long history of seismological activity. The devastation caused by Kashmir earthquake has been administered all over the world. In Pakistan first seismological network, consisting of analog accelerograms and seismographs, was setup in early 1969 at Tarbela, where the largest water reservoir of the country is located. An approach to convert analog ground motion records into digital form is explained using a simple technique. The digitized data was compared with the original analog record and found in good agreement. The data has been used to plot response spectra. The digitized data will be available for seismic response analysis of structures and seismic risk analysis of the region. 相似文献
12.
Due to growing consumption of nickel (Ni) in a range of industries, the demand for Ni has increased rapidly around the world.
This trend requires a more precise estimation of available Ni grade deposits and an identification of factors controlling
the grade distribution. To achieve these requirements, this study applies geostatistical techniques to spatial modeling of
the Ni grade in a laterite Ni deposit, with reference to geomorphic features such as slope gradient and the thickness of limonite
and saprolite zones. The Sorowako area in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, was chosen as a case study area because it has a representative
laterite Ni deposit with large reserves. Chemical content data from drillhole cores at 294 points were used for the analysis.
The slope gradient was found to have a remarkable correlation with the thickness of the limonite zone, but there was no correlation
between the thickness of the limonite and the saprolite zones above the bedrock. One important feature was a general correlation
between the thickness of the saprolite zone and the maximum Ni grade in this zone: the grade increases with the thickness
of the zone. Co-kriging was adopted to incorporate this correlation into estimating the maximum Ni grade in the saprolite
zone. As a result, the maximum Ni grade in the saprolite zone tends to be high mainly in areas of slight slope. The Ni accumulation
at this topographic feature probably originates from deep weathering by groundwater infiltrating through well-developed rock
fractures. 相似文献
13.
选用Landsat 8 资料构建了地表温度（Ts）与归一化植被指数（NDVI）的Ts-NDVI特征空间,计算了温度植被干旱指数（TVDI）。利用MODIS温度产品数据和实地野外采样数据进行精度验证确定煤田火区TVDI阈值。通过对遥感影像的地表热异常信息进行定性与定量分析继而对煤田温度异常区边界信息进行挖掘。结果表明：（1）利用野外实测土壤相对含水量进行验证,反演值与实测值的相关系数R2=0.66,表明干旱指数的反演精度较高,相关性较好。（2）TVDI模型对温度呈现出较高的敏感性,二维散点图集中在1∶1 线上,对NDVI的敏感性较低,有利于识别温度异常区。（3）利用MVC最大合成法,建立TVDI-MVC作为精度验证数据,火区面积为5.03 km2,其中TVDI-SC提取火区精度最大为98.50%,TVDI-SW2提取火区精度最小为88.98%。可见煤田温度异常区范围较广,潜在的灾情恶化较严重。 相似文献
14.
The dengue infectious disease remnants a human health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. In an Auto Regressive model to assess the role of climatic parameter El Niño Southern Oscillation and land surface mean monthly temperture on dengue outbreaks of the Karachi region over the monthly time interval January 2001 to December 2016, subsequent to stabilization of variance, we are able to apply and predict an Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average Exogenous-Transfer Function model by using the order selection criteria namely Final Prediction Error and Akaike’s information. The results confirmed that ARIMAX (2,1,2) has fitted model, although an Auto Regressive model predicts a smaller decline in dengue data series than the auto Poisson Regression model. Additionally, we developed an alternative model for the Poisson Autoregressive Exogenous model in order (p) and Negative Binomial Auto Regressive Exogenous model, deliver the best fit as compared to the Poisson Auto Regressive Exogenous model whereas indicated by the deviances. The Pearson test showed a strong positive association between temperature and dengue, while ENSO inverse indication. High dengue outbreaks are detected in the months of September, October, and November. This comparative study exposed a significant relationship among monthly dengue and climatic variation by Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average Exogenous (ARIMAX), Poisson and Negative-Binomial Autoregressive Exogenous (PARX-NBARX) models, while smallest values of AIC (3.89), Negative Binomial Auto Regressive Exogenous, are preferred more accurate model for the next 12 months forecasting. This study has provided useful information for the development of dengue predictions and future warning systems. 相似文献
15.
Drought events are increasing worldwide. Socio-economic drought is the least investigated type of drought, and is the only type for which water demand is taken into consideration. In this research, socio-economic drought was studied in Lake Mead, USA, using a multivariate standardized water-scarcity index (MSWSI) over the period 1990–2014, combining two water-scarcity indices based on time series of inflow, outflow, reservoir storage, and water demand. The inflow and outflow were determined from streamgage data, and reservoir storage from lake level data; demand was based on water pumped by the Southern Nevada Water Authority. Missing observations in input streamgage data were filled through regression modeling. The results indicate that Lake Mead has been in socio-economic drought since 2000, with the most severe drought occurring between 2006 and 2012, and the highest intensity drought in April–July 2014. The Lake Mead droughts revealed through the MSWSI are consistent with those reported in US Drought Monitor (USDM) products. The temporal behavior of MSWSI provides an insight into the socio-economic effects of droughts not captured by USDM products. 相似文献
16.
This paper is devoted to investigate the spherically symmetric wormhole models in f(R, T) gravity, where T and R are trace of stress energy tensor and the Ricci scalar, respectively. In this context, we discuss three distinct cases of fluid distributions viz, anisotropic, barotropic and isotropic matter contents. After considering the exponential f(R, T) model, the behavior of energy conditions are analyzed that will help us to explore the general conditions for wormhole geometries in this gravity. It is inferred that the usual matter in the throat could obey the energy conditions but the gravitational field emerging from higher order terms of modified gravity favor the existence of the non-standard geometries of wormholes. The stability as well as the existence of wormholes are also analyzed in this theory. 相似文献
17.
Aditi Kulshrestha Deewan Singh Bisht Jamson Masih David Massey Suresh Tiwari Ajay Taneja 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2009,62(2):121-138
This paper deals with the atmospheric concentrations of PM5 and PM2.5 particulate matter and its water soluble constituents along with the size distribution of ions and spatial variation at three
different residential environments in a semiarid region in India. Samples were collected from the indoors and outdoors of
urban, rural and roadside sites of Agra during October 2007–March 2008. The mean concentrations of PM2.5 indoors and outdoors were 178 μgm−3 and 195 μgm−3 while the mean concentrations of PM5 indoors and outdoors were 231.8 μgm−3 and 265.2 μgm−3 respectively. Out of the total aerosol mass, water soluble constituents contributed an average of 80% (33% anions, 50% cations)
in PM5 and 70% (29% anions, 43% cations) in PM2.5. The indoor–outdoor ratio of water soluble components suggested additional aerosol indoor sources at rural and roadside sites.
Indoor–outdoor correlations were also determined which show poor relationships among concentrations of aerosol ions at all
three sites. Univariate Pearson correlation coefficients among water soluble aerosols were determined to evaluate the relationship
between aerosol ions in indoor and outdoor air. 相似文献
18.
This paper examines trends in streamflow and their links with local climate in the Karkheh River and its major tributaries,
which originate from the Zagros Mountains, Iran. Streamflow records from five mainstream stations for the period 1961–2001
were used to examine trends in a number of streamflow variables. The studied variables were mean annual and monthly flows,
1 and 7 days maximum and minimum flows, timing of the 1-day maxima and minima, and the number and duration of high and low
flow pulses. Similarly, the precipitation and temperature data from seven climate stations for the period from 1950s to 2003
were used to examine trends in climatic variables and their correlation with the streamflow. The Spearman Rank test was used
for the detection of trends and the correlation analysis was based on the Pearson method. The results reveal a number of significant
trends in streamflow variables both increasing (e.g. December flows) and decreasing (e.g. May flows) for all stations. However,
some trends were not spatially uniform. For example, decline in low flow characteristics were more significant in the upper
parts of the basin, whereas increasing trends in floods and winter flows were noteworthy in the middle parts of the basin.
Most of these trends could be attributed to precipitation changes. The results show that the decline in April and May precipitation
causes the decline in the low flows while the increase in winter (particularly March) precipitation coupled with temperature
changes lead to increase in the flood regime. The observed trends at the Jelogir station on the Karkheh River reflect the
combined effect of the upstream catchments. The significant trends observed in a number of streamflow variables at Jelogir,
1-day maximum, December flow and low pulse count and duration, point to the changes in hydrological regime of the entire Karkheh
River system and are attributed to the changes in climatic variables. 相似文献
19.
晴空回波有助于认识大气的风温湿结构,双偏振多普勒天气雷达为探测晴空大气提供了丰富信息。本文以2015年夏季南京信息工程大学C波段双偏振雷达探测的晴空回波为例,结合探空资料分析大气风温湿结构及晴空回波的影响因素,分析了晴空大气的反射率因子Z、径向速度Vr以及差分反射率因子ZDR回波特征。研究表明:大气温、压、湿梯度造成折射指数分布不均以及背景风场引起的湍流增强,均可造成晴空回波,其回波机理为湍流散射;差分反射率因子受到多普勒效应的影响;在风场及大气湍团干湿特性不同的情况下,晴空回波的差分反射率因子呈现不同的特征。研究结果有益于深入认识大气风温湿结构特征对雷达电磁波的散射的影响以及雷达资料质量控制。 相似文献
20.